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1.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 173: 116330, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38422656

RESUMO

Traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides (TCMPs) have gained increasing attention in the field of nanomedicine due to their diverse biological activities and favorable characteristics as drug carriers, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, safety, and ease of modification. TCMPs-based nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) offer several advantages, such as evasion of reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytosis, protection against biomolecule degradation, enhanced drug bioavailability, and potent therapeutic effects. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the latest developments in TCMPs-based NDDSs and their applications in disease therapy is of great significance. This review provides an overview of the structural characteristics and biological activities of TCMPs relevant to carrier design, the strategies employed for constructing TCMPs-based NDDSs, and the versatile role of TCMPs in these systems. Additionally, current challenges and future prospects of TCMPs in NDDSs are discussed, aiming to provide valuable insights for future research and clinical translation.


Assuntos
Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Sistemas de Liberação de Fármacos por Nanopartículas , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Polissacarídeos/química
2.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 259(Pt 1): 129130, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38181917

RESUMO

In this study, the recovery of Atrina pectinata posterior adductor polysaccharides (APP-PS) using subcritical water extraction (SWE) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the physicochemical and biological properties of the recovered APP-PS were evaluated. The optimal extraction conditions, which resulted in a maximum yield of 55.58 ± 1.12 %, were temperature, 152.08 °C; extraction time, 10 min; solid-liquid ratio, 30 g/600 mL. The obtained APP-PS was found to be 88.05 ± 0.17 % total sugar. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses confirmed the presence of the α-coordination of D-glucan in the polymer sample. The analysis of monosaccharide composition, along with thermogravimetric analysis, revealed the typical structure of the sample, composed of glucose alone. Total phenolic contents of APP-PS were measured as 5.47 ± 0.01 mg Gallic acid/g of dry sample and total flavonoids contents were determined to be 0.78 ± 0.06 mg Quercetin/g of dry sample. For biological activities, ABTS+, DPPH and FRAP antioxidant activities were measured to be 20.00 ± 0.71, 2.35 ± 0.05 and 4.02 ± 0.07 µg Trolox equivalent/100 g of dry sample, respectively. Additionally ACE inhibitory was confirmed to be 87.02 ± 0.47 %. These results showed that SWE is an effective method to recover biofunctional materials from marine organisms.


Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos , Água , Água/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/química
3.
Complement Ther Med ; 79: 103006, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37972694

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to employ bibliometric approaches to assess the worldwide scientific achievements in acupuncture for facial paralysis research from 2013 to 2023, and explore the hotspots and frontiers. METHODS: Articles related to acupuncture facial paralysis were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). CiteSpace was utilized to examine journals, publication year, country, institution, cited authors, as well as authors.Research hotspots and trends were analyzed by mapping co-citation networks and keywords. RESULTS: The period from January 1, 2013, to July 31, 2023, yielded nearly 145 research records on acupuncture treatment for facial paralysis, with a steady increase in the number of annual publications.In terms of the number of publications, OTOLARYNGOLOGY HEAD NECK had the highest publication count, while AM J CHINESE MED exhibited the highest centrality and citation frequency among the cited journals. Further, 54.4 % of publications originated from China, followed by USA (8.2 %) and Germany (8.2 %). Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine stood out with the highest publication volume among institutions. Guntinas-lichius, Orlando was the most prolific author, and PEITERSEN E was the most cited author. The keywords "Randomized controlled trials" and "multicenter" displayed high frequency and centrality, indicating that clinical trials with a randomized controlled design and multicenter studies were prevalent research methods, likely to remain a future trend. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture's potential in the treatment of facial paralysis merits further research. Authors from different countries/regions and organizations need to eliminate language and academic barriers and strengthen collaboration and communication. Current research hotspots focus on "brain", "nerve", "electrical stimulation", "RCT" and "guidelines". The study of acupuncture mechanisms, especially based on the central nervous system mechanism, may be the future research hotspot.


Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Paralisia Facial , Humanos , Paralisia Facial/terapia , Povo Asiático , Bibliometria , Encéfalo
4.
Genes Genomics ; 45(12): 1463-1474, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37837516

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is a principal psychoactive extract of Cannabis sativa and has been traditionally used as palliative medicine for neuropathic pain. Cannabidiol (CBD), an extract of hemp species, has recently attracted increased attention as a cancer treatment, but Δ9-THC is also requiring explored pharmacological application. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the pharmacological effects of Δ9-THC in two human colorectal cancer cell lines. We investigated whether Δ9-THC treatment induces cell death in human colorectal cancer cells. METHODS: We performed an MTT assay to determine the pharmacological concentration of Δ9-THC. Annxein V and Western blot analysis confirmed that Δ9-THC induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Metabolic activity was evaluated using MitoTracker staining and ATP determination. We investigated vesicle formation by Δ9-THC treatment using GW9662, known as a PPARγ inhibitor. RESULTS: The MTT assay showed that treatment with 40 µM Δ9-THC and above inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Multiple intracytoplasmic vesicles were detected upon microscopic observation, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed cell death via G1 arrest. Δ9-THC treatment increased the expression of cell death marker proteins, including p53, cleaved PARP-1, RIP1, and RIP3, suggesting that Δ9-THC induced the death of colorectal cancer cells. Δ9-THC treatment also reduced ATP production via changes in Bax and Bcl-2. Δ9-THC regulated intracytoplasmic vesicle formation by modulating the expression of PPARγ and clathrin, adding that antiproliferative activity of Δ9-THC was also affected. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Δ9-THC regulated two functional mechanisms, intracellular vesicle formation and cell death. These findings can help to determine how cannabinoids can be used most effectively to improve the efficacy of cancer treatment.


Assuntos
Cannabis , Neoplasias Colorretais , Humanos , Dronabinol/farmacologia , PPAR gama , Apoptose , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais , Trifosfato de Adenosina
5.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(15)2023 Jul 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37569348

RESUMO

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes respiratory difficulties. Black ginseng extract (BGE) has preventative effects on respiratory inflammatory diseases such as asthma. However, the pharmacological mechanisms behind the anti-asthmatic activity of BGE remain unknown. To investigate the anti-asthmatic mechanism of BGE, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA/Iono)-stimulated mouse EL4 cells and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice with allergic airway inflammation were used. Immune cells (eosinophils/macrophages), interleukin (IL)-4, -5, -13, and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inflammatory cell recruitment and mucus secretion in the lung tissue were estimated. Protein expression was analyzed via Western blotting, including that of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the activation of protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) and its downstream signaling molecules. BGE decreased T helper (Th)2 cytokines, serum IgE, mucus secretion, and iNOS expression in mice with allergic airway inflammation, thereby providing a protective effect. Moreover, BGE and its major ginsenosides inhibited the production of Th2 cytokines in PMA/Iono-stimulated EL4 cells. In EL4 cells, these outcomes were accompanied by the inactivation of PKCθ and its downstream transcription factors, such as nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), which are involved in allergic airway inflammation. BGE also inhibited the activation of PKCθ and the abovementioned transcriptional factors in the lung tissue of mice with allergic airway inflammation. These results highlight the potential of BGE as a useful therapeutic and preventative agent for allergic airway inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma.


Assuntos
Antiasmáticos , Asma , Hipersensibilidade , Panax , Animais , Camundongos , Antiasmáticos/farmacologia , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Asma/metabolismo , Pulmão/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidade/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Inflamação/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina E , Panax/metabolismo , Ovalbumina , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Animais de Doenças
6.
J Med Food ; 2023 Aug 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37566462

RESUMO

Regulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and pancreatic lipase (PL) activities is important in the treatment of triacylglycerol (TG)-related metabolic diseases. Garcinia mangostana, also known as mangosteen, is a traditional medicine ingredient used in the treatment of inflammation in Southeast Asia. In this study, The ethanolic extract of G. mangostana peel inhibited human recombinant DGAT1 and DGAT2, and PL enzyme activities in vitro. The inhibitory activity of DGAT1 and DGAT2 enzymes of four representative bioactive substances in mangosteen was confirmed. In addition, G. mangostana was confirmed to suppress the serum TG levels in C57 mice by inhibiting the absorption and synthesis of TG in the gastrointestinal tract. Through this study, it was revealed that G. mangostana extract could be useful for the prevention and amelioration of TG-related metabolic diseases such as obesity and fatty liver.

7.
Mar Drugs ; 21(6)2023 May 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37367653

RESUMO

In this study, we characterized the bioactive properties of three important brown seaweed species, Sargassum thunbergii, Undaria pinnatifida, and Saccharina japonica, by subcritical water extraction (SWE), as these species are well known for their beneficial health effects. Their physiochemical properties, including potential antioxidant, antihypertensive, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and the antibacterial activity of the hydroysates were also analyzed. The highest total phlorotannin, total sugar content, and reducing sugar content in the S. thunbergii hydrolysates were 38.82 ± 0.17 mg PGE/g, 116.66 ± 0.19 mg glucose/g dry sample, and 53.27 ± 1.57 mg glucose/g dry sample, respectively. The highest ABTS+ and DPPH antioxidant activities were obtained in the S. japonica hydrolysates (124.77 ± 2.47 and 46.35 ± 0.01 mg Trolox equivalent/g, respectively) and the highest FRAP activity was obtained in the S. thunbergii hydrolysates (34.47 ± 0.49 mg Trolox equivalent/g seaweed). In addition, the seaweed extracts showed antihypertensive (≤59.77 ± 0.14%) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (≤68.05 ± 1.15%), as well as activity against foodborne pathogens. The present findings provide evidence of the biological activity of brown seaweed extracts for potential application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors.


Assuntos
Alga Marinha , Água , Água/química , alfa-Glucosidases , Antioxidantes/química , Anti-Hipertensivos/análise , Alga Marinha/química , Glucose , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia
8.
Fitoterapia ; 169: 105596, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37364700

RESUMO

Diabetes mellitus is a serious threat to human life and health. The α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) were important targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this paper, euparin, a natural product from Eupatorium chinense possessed extensive pharmacological activities, was selected as the lead compound. It was derived into chalcone compounds with high efficiency, and the inhibitory activities of these 30 products on α-glucosidase and PTP1B were tested. The results showed that compounds 12 and 15 had good inhibitory activities against both enzymes. The IC50 value of 12 to inhibit α-glucosidase and PTP1B was 39.77 and 39.31 µM, and the IC50 value of 15 to inhibit α-glucosidase and PTP1B was 9.02 and 3.47 µM, respectively. In addition, molecular docking results showed that compounds 12 and 15 exhibited good binding affinities toward both α -glucosidase and PTP1B with negative binding energies. The results of the present study demonstrate that compounds 12 and 15 might be beneficial in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases , Humanos , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 1 , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular
9.
Vet Sci ; 10(5)2023 May 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37235433

RESUMO

The active components, potential targets, and mechanisms of action of oregano essential oil in the treatment of bovine mastitis disease were investigated using network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. The TCMSP and literature databases were examined for the main compounds in oregano essential oil. Afterward, the physical, chemical, and bioavailability characteristics of the components were evaluated. The PubChem, BATMAN, PharmMapper, and Uniprot databases were utilized to predict the target genes of the major components of oregano essential oil. Via the databases of DrugBank, OMIM, GeneCards, TTD, and DisGenet, the disease targets of bovine mastitis were discovered. We analyzed common targets and built protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using the STRING database. Key genes were analyzed, obtained, and compound-target-pathway-disease visualization networks were created using Cytoscape. For the GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, the DAVID database was utilized. Molecular docking via Autodock Tools was utilized to evaluate the reliability of the interactions between oregano essential oil and hub targets. Thymol, carvacrol, and p-cymene are the three major components found in oregano essential oil. The potential targets (TNF, TLR4, ALB, IL-1ß, TLR2, IL-6, IFNG, and MyD88) were screened according to the visual network. The enrichment analysis suggested that the major signaling pathways in network pharmacology may include PI3K-Akt, MAPK, IL-17, and NF-κ B. Molecular docking analysis shows that thymol had good docking activity with TNF, IL-6, and MyD88, carvacrol had good docking activity with TNF, and p-cymene had good docking activity with ALB. This study clarified the mechanism of action of oregano essential oil in the treatment of bovine mastitis, thus providing data supporting the potential for the use of oregano essential oil in the development of new therapeutics for bovine mastitis.

10.
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol ; 46(5): 425-431, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36959770

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the efficacy and safety of salvianolate were compared with enoxaparin in the prevention of perioperative deep vein thrombosis in gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS: From October 2017 to September 2019, 563 patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery were collected. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 119 patients were divided into two groups: enoxaparin group (n = 65) and salvianolate group (n = 54). Comparisons were made regarding the outcomes: prothrombin time (PT), prothrombin activity (PTA), international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), thrombin time (TT), D-dimer level (D-D), platelet count (PLT), hematokrit (HCT), and incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). RESULTS: The main outcomes showed no significance between enoxaparin group and salvianolate group (p > .05). The incidence of DVT in salvianolate group was 1.85%, significantly lower than that in enoxaparin group (12.3%) (p < .05). No serious adverse reactions occurred in the two groups during treatment. CONCLUSION: Compared with enoxaparin, salvianolate has an advantage in the prevention of perioperative thrombosis in gastrointestinal surgery with a lower incidence of DVT.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório , Enoxaparina , Extratos Vegetais , Trombose Venosa , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Enoxaparina/administração & dosagem , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Assistência Perioperatória , Trombose Venosa/epidemiologia , Trombose Venosa/prevenção & controle , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/efeitos adversos , Tempo de Protrombina , Incidência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , China/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
11.
AAPS PharmSciTech ; 23(7): 272, 2022 Sep 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36180652

RESUMO

Influenza infection is difficult to prevent, control, and treat because of rapid viral mutation, fast disease progression, and high mortality. Vaccination is the main means by which to prevent and control influenza, but effectiveness is limited in that poor cellular uptake and weak immunogenicity of vaccines provides less than optimal host protection. Liposomal influenza vaccines are a promising strategy to overcome these limitations and the use of liposomal immune modulators and intranasal administration of liposomal influenza vaccines may be a means by which to improve influenza protection. The cationic lipids, i.e., dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA), 1,2-dioctadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), and D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 (TPGS) can form blank liposomes, which can incorporate influenza antigens to produce an influenza vaccine (DDA-DSPC-TPGS). Herein, this vaccine was shown to induce dendritic cell maturation, increase host cellular uptake of the vaccine, and enhance immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. The addition of TPGS, as an amphiphilic immune adjuvant, significantly reduced the toxicity of the DDA liposomal influenza vaccine. Further, the polyethylene glycol component and tocopherol structure of TPGS enhanced the cellular uptake of the vaccine by means of stealth properties and the capacity to inhibit cellular efflux. After nasal mucosal immunization, enhanced cellular uptake rates and abundant immune cells in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue promoted the production of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G1, and interferon-γ, which in turn mediated a more robust immune response against influenza virus. In summary, the DDA-DSPC-TPGS influenza vaccine is a safe and effective means by which to activate the immune system. The results herein provide an effective strategy by which to overcome current difficulties associated with the prevention and treatment of influenza.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza , Influenza Humana , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Administração Intranasal , alfa-Tocoferol , Anticorpos Antivirais , Imunoglobulina A , Imunoglobulinas , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Interferon gama , Lipídeos , Lipossomos/química , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fosforilcolina , Polietilenoglicóis , Vitamina E
12.
Semin Pediatr Neurol ; 41: 100947, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35450664

RESUMO

Children and adolescents with functional neurological (conversion) disorder (FND) present with symptoms of impaired motor and sensory function. FND involves complex interactions between the brain, mind, body, and lived experience of the child. The gold standard for treatment is therefore a holistic, biopsychosocial approach with multimodal interventions delivered by a multidisciplinary team. In this narrative review we examine the role of physiotherapy in managing FND in children. We searched Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and PubMed (back to 2000) for relevant physiotherapy articles and also manually searched their reference lists. Two review articles and ten observational studies were identified. Data were extracted concerning the type of study, therapies involved, outcome measures, and comorbid mental health outcomes. FND symptoms resolved in 85% to 95% of the patients, and about two-thirds returned to full-time school after completing the multidisciplinary intervention. Ongoing mental health concerns at follow-up were associated with poorer functional outcomes. Key themes included the following: use of psychological interventions embedded in the physiotherapy intervention; integration of play, music, and dance; role of physical exercise in modulating physiological, neural, and endocrine systems; need for FND-specific outcome measures; ethical issues pertaining to randomized trials; and need to develop alternate study methodologies for assessing combined treatments. Clinical vignettes were included to highlight a range of physiotherapy interventions. In conclusion, the emerging literature suggests that physiotherapy for children with FND is a useful intervention for improving motor dysfunction and for addressing other concurrent issues such as physical deconditioning, neuroprotection, chronic pain, disturbed sleep, anxiety and depression, and resilience building.


Assuntos
Transtorno Conversivo , Adolescente , Ansiedade , Criança , Terapia Combinada , Transtorno Conversivo/terapia , Humanos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Modalidades de Fisioterapia
13.
Insect Sci ; 29(5): 1461-1469, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35032347

RESUMO

Cannibalism is common in spiders. Wolf spider (Lycosidae) females, which exhibit extensive maternal care, have been reported to cannibalize less when they are carrying egg sacs and juveniles. In a laboratory experiment, we demonstrated that cannibalism of early-instar spiderlings (EIS) by a wolf spider (Pardosa pseudoannulata) mother was almost completely inhibited when she was carrying spiderlings. Compared with virgin and mated-females, mother spiders tolerated more and predated fewer spiderlings, including gregarious pulli and newly dispersed spiderlings (NDS). Cannibalism of EIS by females during their reproductive period exhibited a V-shaped pattern, with a gradual decrease from the egg sac-carrying to pulli-carrying (PC) stage, and a recovery from the PC stage to post-reproductive (PR) stage. Notably, there was 0 cannibalism at the PC stage. PC females exhibited no interest in pulli, while PR females were attracted to and predated pulli and NDS as they did their natural prey, Nilaparvata lugens. Interestingly, PC females captured and released NDS in a foraging assay, although attraction was observed from olfactometer measurements. PC mothers possessed a cuticular volatile profile that was closer to that of pulli and NDS than to that of PR females. Moreover, NDS cuticular extract provoked an electrophysiological response in legs of PC females. Therefore, cuticular compound-mediated chemical communication may be involved in inhibiting cannibalism of EIS by spider mothers, and especially in eliminating cannibalism by PC mothers. Future studies will aim to characterize the specific cuticular compounds and chemoreception mechanism in females, which will facilitate our understanding of intraspecific recognition and cannibalism in spiders.


Assuntos
Canibalismo , Aranhas , Animais , Feminino , Extratos Vegetais , Reprodução/fisiologia
14.
J Pharmacopuncture ; 25(4): 390-395, 2022 Dec 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36628342

RESUMO

Objectives: Sweet bee venom (sBV) is purified from Apis mellifera, containing a high level of melittin-its main component. It has been used as a therapeutic agent for pain relief and anti-inflammation, as well as for treating neuronal abnormalities. Recently, there have been studies on the therapeutic application of sBV for anticancer treatment. In the present study, we investigated the pharmacological effect of sBV treatment in A549 human lung cancer cells. Methods: We used microscopic analysis to observe the morphological changes in A549 cells after sBV treatment. The MTT assay was used to examine the cytotoxic effect after dose-dependent sBV treatment. Molecular changes in sBV were evaluated by the expression of apoptosis marker proteins using western blot analysis. Results: Microscopic analysis suggested that the growth inhibitory effect occurred in a dose-dependent manner; however, cell lysis occurred at a concentration over 20 µg/mL of sBV. The MTT assay indicated that sBV treatment exhibited a growth inhibitory effect at a concentration over 5 µg/mL. On fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis, G0 dead cells were observed after G1 arrest at treatment concentrations up to 10 µg/mL. However, rapid cell rupture was observed at a concentration of 20 µg/mL. Western blot analysis demonstrated that sBV treatment modulated the expression of multiple cell death-related proteins, including cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase 9, p53, Bcl2, and Bax. Conclusion: sBV induced cell death in A549 human lung cancer cells at a pharmacological concentration, albeit causing hemolytic cell death at a high concentration.

15.
Phytomedicine ; 96: 153848, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34785110

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Since long-term or high-dose use of COPD medication causes adverse effects in patients with COPD, more effective and safer ways to manage COPD symptoms are required. Daphne kiusiana Miquel is a medicinal plant, but its anti-COPD efficacy was little studied. PURPOSE: We investigated the anti-COPD activity and molecular mechanism of action of active compounds isolated from D. kiusiana to find drug candidates for COPD. METHODS: We isolated seven compounds (1-7) in an ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction from D. kiusiana, and determined that seven compounds effectively control the inflammatory responsiveness in both PMA-stimulated lung epithelial cells (in vitro) and/or in COPD model mice using cigarette smoke- and lipopolysaccharides-exposed animals in vivo. RESULTS: We show that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction from D. kiusiana. suppresses inflammatory response in both PMA-stimulated human lung epithelial cells (in vitro) and COPD model mice (in vivo). The EtOAc fraction effectively suppresses various inflammatory responses, such as mucus secretion, ROS production, bronchial recruitment of inflammatory cells, and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, we isolated three compounds with anti-inflammatory efficacy from the EtOAc fraction, out of which daphnodorin C was the most effective. Finally, we demonstrated that daphnodorin C negatively regulates inflammatory gene expression by suppressing NF-κB and specific MAPK signaling pathways (JNK and p38) in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that daphnodorin C could be a promising therapeutic alternative for managing COPD symptoms.


Assuntos
Daphne , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Animais , Benzopiranos , Humanos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Pulmão , Camundongos , NF-kappa B , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Fumaça
16.
Oxid Med Cell Longev ; 2021: 5566053, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34326919

RESUMO

The Jiang Tang Xiao Ke (JTXK) granule is a classic Chinese herbal formula that has been put into clinical use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus for decades. However, whether its ability to ameliorate skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR) is through modulation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of JTXK granules on IR in skeletal muscle of high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice and C2C12 cells and analyze the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we showed that JTXK granules attenuated body weight gain, reduced body fat mass, improved body lean mass, and enhanced muscle performance of diabetic mice. JTXK granules also improved glucose metabolism and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and partially reversed abnormal serum lipid levels, which might be related to the regulation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, both in skeletal muscle tissue of diabetic mice and in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, drug-containing serum of JTXK granules was capable of enhancing glucose uptake and mitochondrial respiration in C2C12 cells, and AMPKα was proven to be closely involved in this process. Taken together, these results suggest that the JTXK granule ameliorates skeletal muscle IR through activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway, which offers a novel perspective of this formula to combat IR-related metabolic diseases.


Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Resistência à Insulina/imunologia , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Transdução de Sinais
17.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 278: 114289, 2021 Oct 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34090908

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is a polyphenolic compound in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge ("Danshen"), which has been largely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, among others. AIM OF STUDY: This study was to investigate the effects of Salvianolic acid B (SalB) on mRNA, lncRNA and circRNA's expression profile in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of obese mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: High-fat-diet induced obese C57BL/6J mice were treated with SalB (100 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Then, BAT was harvested for RNA-Seq analysis. Differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs were analyzed using the Illumina Hiseq 4000. Following this procedure, bioinformatic tools including Gene ontology (GO), KEGG pathway and lncRNA-mRNA co-network analysis were utilized. Finally, RT-qPCR was performed to validate the differentially expressed RNAs. RESULTS: Compared with control group, 2532 mRNAs, 774 lncRNAs and 25 circRNAs were differentially expressed in SalB group. Additionally, 40 upregulated and 109 downregulated gene-related pathways were identified in the SalB group. Among them, metabolic pathways showed the highest enrichment coefficient in upregulated genes. Moreover, 54 up-regulated and 626 down-regulated coding mRNAs associated with lncRNA-Hsd11b1 and lncRNA-Vmp1. CONCLUSIONS: SalB may play an anti-obesity role by adjusting the expression of mRNAs correlated with inflammatory response and energy metabolism through regulating the expression of lncRNA-Hsd11b1. The findings of this research provide new directions to study the mechanisms of SalB, and would open therapeutic avenues for the treatment of obesity.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo Marrom/efeitos dos fármacos , Benzofuranos/farmacologia , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Salvia miltiorrhiza/química , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/metabolismo , Animais , Benzofuranos/isolamento & purificação , Biologia Computacional , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Regulação para Baixo , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Obesos , Obesidade/genética , RNA Circular/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Regulação para Cima
18.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 100(18): e25639, 2021 May 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33950941

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Salvianolate, a common drug for stabilizing heart disease and Angina Pectoris, is considered to be off-label for preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) or anticoagulation at present. However, many clinical studies have showed that salvianolate can effectively inhibit the deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) incidence, and prevent VTE of perioperative patients in the real world in China. OBJECTIVE: This analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of salvianolate in preventing VTE in perioperative patients. METHODS: Databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP were searched until July 2019. Literature retrieval, data extraction and quality assessment were independently completed by two researchers and checked with each other. Review Manager 5.2 software was applied for meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 429 studies were retrieved, including 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 1149 subjects. Compared with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) group alone, salvianolate combined LMWH group had lower DVT incidence in preventing perioperative thrombosis (2.75% and 14.23%, OR: 0.21, 95% CI:[0.08,0.53]; P = .0009). The incidence of adverse reactions of experimental group was similar to that of control group (1.79% and 2.31%, OR: 0.65, 95% CI:[0.18,2.35]. P = .51). Compared with the control group, D-dimer level (D-D), platelet count (PLT), fibrinogen (FIB), whole blood high shear viscosity (WBHSV), and whole blood low shear viscosity (WBLSV) were all significantly decreased (P < .01), and prothrombin time (PT) was significantly increased (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Salvianolate combined LMWH has better effectiveness and the same safety in preventing venous thromboembolism in perioperative patients. However, due to the small number of included literatures, large sample studies are still needed to further verify this conclusion.


Assuntos
Uso Off-Label , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/efeitos adversos , Tromboembolia Venosa/epidemiologia , China/epidemiologia , Quimioterapia Combinada/efeitos adversos , Quimioterapia Combinada/métodos , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/administração & dosagem , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Período Perioperatório/estatística & dados numéricos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Tempo de Protrombina , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do Tratamento , Tromboembolia Venosa/diagnóstico , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevenção & controle
19.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-906056

RESUMO

Objective:To observe the protective effect of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang combined with Shengmaiyin on the heart function in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy and explore its anti-myocardial fibrosis and anti-inflammatory effects. Method:The 96 patients were randomly divided into observation group (48 cases) and control group (48 cases). Both groups were given comprehensive measures to control blood sugar, blood lipids, blood pressure and heart failure. Patients in control group took Tongmai Jiangtang capsule, 3 granules/time, 3 times/day. Patients in observation group took Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang combined with modified Shengmaiyin, 1 dose/day. The treatment courses were three months in both groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), early diastolic peak velocity E peak/late diastolic peak velocity A peak (E/A), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd) and cardiac output per stroke (SV) through echocardiography were recorded before and after therapy. Cardiac troponin-I (cTn I), troponin T (cTn-T), creatine kinase isoenzyme -MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic><sub>1</sub> (TGF-<italic>β</italic><sub>1</sub>) before and after treatment , matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> (TNF-<italic>α</italic>), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), soluble ST2 (sST2) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels were detected. Symptom of cardiac insufficiency and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score were evaluated before and after treatment. Result:The LVEF and E/A data in observation group were higher than those in control group (<italic>P</italic><0.01). The levels of cTn-I, cTn-T, LDH and CK-MB in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (<italic>P</italic><0.01). After treatment, the levels of TGF-<italic>β</italic><sub>1</sub>, MMP-2, IGF-1, IL-6, IL-1, TNF-<italic>α</italic>, NT-proBNP, sST2 and Gal-3 in the observation group decreased and were lower than those in the control group (<italic>P</italic><0.01). The clinical efficacy of the observation group was better than that of the control group (<italic>Z</italic>=1.974,<italic>P</italic><0.05). Conclusion:On the basis of conventional intervention of western medicine, Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang combined with modified Shengmaiyin has anti-inflammatory and anti-myocardial fibrosis effects, with inhibitory effect on myocardial remodeling, and can reduce myocardial tissue damage to improve ventricular diastolic function and protect heart function. With such high clinical efficacy, it is worthy of clinical use.

20.
ACS Nano ; 15(1): 1100-1110, 2021 01 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33236885

RESUMO

Hypoxia can increase the resistance of tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the dense extracellular matrix, high interstitial fluid pressure, and irregular blood supply often serve as physical barriers to inhibit penetration of drugs or nanodrugs across tumor blood microvessels into hypoxic regions. Therefore, it is of great significance and highly desirable to improve the efficiency of hypoxia-targeted therapy. In this work, living photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) are utilized as hypoxia-targeted carriers for hypoxic tumor therapy due to their near-infrared (NIR) chemotaxis and their physiological characteristics as facultative aerobes. More interestingly, we discovered that PSB can serve as a kind of photothermal agent to generate heat through nonradiative relaxation pathways due to their strong photoabsorption in the NIR region. Therefore, PSB integrate the properties of hypoxia targeting and photothermal therapeutic agents in an "all-in-one" manner, and no postmodification is needed to achieve hypoxia-targeted cancer therapy. Moreover, as natural bacteria, noncytotoxic PSB were found to enhance immune response that induced the infiltration of cytotoxicity T lymphocyte. Our results indicate PSB specifically accumulate in hypoxic tumor regions, and they show a high efficiency in the elimination of cancer cells. This proof of concept may provide a smart therapeutic system in the field of hypoxia-targeted photothermal therapeutic platforms.


Assuntos
Hipertermia Induzida , Neoplasias , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Hipóxia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Fototerapia
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