[Protective properties of urothelium and possibilities of targeted pathogenetic therapy of chronic pelvic pain: sodium pentosan polysulfate].

The review article is devoted to the possibilities of using targeted therapy for urothelial diseases, namely painful bladder syndrome (BPS). The protective structural components of the bladder mucosa, as well as their chemical features, are described in detail. Pentosanpolysulfate (PPS), being an oral heparinoid, can be used as part of pathogenetic therapy to restore the mucous membrane of the bladder. The efficacy and safety of this drug has been proven by us in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. An additional assessment of the effectiveness and safety of the use of PPS in BPS was confirmed as part of our systematic review and meta-analysis. Thus, PPS is a pathogenetically sound tool in the treatment of patients with painful bladder syndrome.

[Hyperbaric oxygenation in combined treatment of interstitial cystitis].

A total of 116 female patients with painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis aged 32-78 years (mean age 56 +/- 2.4 years) entered the trial. They were divided into two groups according to treatment. Group 1 (n = 54) received 10-day combined conservative treatment consisting of antimicrobial drugs (if urinary infection was diagnosed), angioprotectors, mast cell activity stabilizers and bladder instillation with combined solution. Group 2 included 62 patients whose treatment included complex anti-inflammatory therapy in combination with HBO sessions (7-10 sessions in barochamber OKA-MT, 2.0 +/- 0.2 atm). Subjective (the disease course, pain intensity, 24-h and nocturnal pollakiuria, effective urine volume) and objective (microcirculation in the bladder wall) results were assessed. Dopplerograms revealed venous stagnation. Patients of group 2 had a persistent improvement of microcirculation in bladder mucosa as shown by better blood flow in the veins and arterioles. In group 1 the above improvement was less pronounced. Thus, HBO in combined treatment of interstitial cystitis improves treatment results and promotes long-term remission of the disease.

[Prostaplant treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia]. / Lechenie dobrokachestvennoi giperplazii predstatel'noi zhelezy preparatom prostaplantom.

80 patients aged 48 to 91 years with verified benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) stage I and II, having contraindications to surgery, received prostaplant, extract of Sabal serrulata palm fluit, in a dose 320 mg once a day. The treatment resulted in improvement of subjective and objective parameters (the total IPSS score improved by 32.3%, quality of life by 36.4%; maximal urine flow rate by 27.4%, respectively). Residual urine volume reduced in patients of group I by 26.8%, in patients of group II by 25.5%. The drug tolerance was good. 3 patients failed treatment. Good and satisfactory effects were achieved in 69 and 8 patients, respectively. Therefore, prostaplant is effective in BPH.

[Multielectrode mapping study of proarrhythmic vagal effects in the dog atria]. / Issledovanie metodom mnogokanal'nogo kartirovaniia aritmogennogo deistviia bluzhdaiushchikh nervov v predserdiiakh sobaki.

Epicardial mapping (254 unipolar electrodes) of the dog heart both atria was performed to determine spatial distribution of arrhythmic events. The mapping showed that the first atrial premature depolarisation (APD) emerged from ectopic foci, it showed also specific multifocal patterns suggesting a septal source of tachycardia. The data obtained suggests that vagal stimulation (VS) induces focal ectopic APDs, that APDs and escape beats may be due to the same mechanism of spontaneous depolarization in the absence of a reset from dominant rhythm, that a single VS-induced APD is sufficient for initiation of a reentrant atrial fibrillation.

Antitumour effect of irradiation followed by hyperglycemia and hyperthermia: the dependence on tumour size and blood flow.

The interrelationship of three tumour parameters-volume, blood flow and growth delay-was evaluated after irradiation alone or combined with hyperglycemia (HG) and hyperthermia (HT). The experiments were performed on Ehrlich carcinoma tumours 5, 7 or 9 days after intramuscular implantation when they reached a mean volume of approximately 0.17, 0.46 or 0.90 cm3, respectively. Tumours were irradiated at a dose of 12.5 Gy. In groups of trimodality therapy, induction of HG (5i.p. injections of glucose during a 2-h period, total dose of glucose 10.4 g/kg) was started immediately after irradiation, and HT (water bath, 43 degrees C, 30 min) was given 3 h later. Regardless of the method of therapy, blood flow in the central part of each tumour was measured 4 and 7 h after irradiation by 133Xe clearance technique. It was shown that if tumours were treated by irradiation alone, both tumour blood flow and growth delay declined with increasing tumour volume. There was no correlation between individual values of tumour blood flow intensity and growth delay within each size group, and only all the data pooled together showed a significant direct relationship between these two parameters. In contrast, for radiotherapy with HG and HT, the antitumour effect increased with tumour volume. Blood flow was strongly inhibited by radio-modifiers; the larger tumours, the lower levels of perfusion were observed. There was a pronounced trend of increased tumour growth delay with decreased blood flow for tumours of the same volume, and these parameters were highly correlated if all individual data were analysed together regardless of tumour size. It was concluded that postirradiation blood flow inhibition plays a significant role in the tumouricidal effect of irradiation with HG and HT. The monitoring of tumour perfusion may be useful for the prediction of the effectiveness of such postirradiation modification, which is especially attractive in radiotherapy of large advanced tumours.

[Polyradiomodification. The efficacy of the postradiation use of hyperglycemia and hyperthermia in treating tumors of different sizes]. / Poliradiomodifikatsiia. Effektivnost' postradiatsionnogo primeneniia giperglikemii i gipertermii pri lechenii opukholei raznoi velichiny.

The paper is concerned with comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the separate and combined postradiation use of induced hyperglycemia (IH) and local hyperthermia (HT) with respect to tumor size in experiments on mice with transplantable Ehrlich carcinoma. The antitumor effect of these modalities was estimated by the criteria of the duration of tumor growth inhibition and cure of animals. The combined use of IH and HT significantly enhanced antitumor action of prior irradiation and resulted in improved therapeutic results for medium- and large-size tumors as compared to small ones. The authors discussed probable causes of enhancing the effectiveness of IH and HT with tumor growth, as a result of changes in pH, blood supply and other tumor characteristics.