Comparative Proteomics of Potato Cultivars with a Variable Dormancy Period.

The control of the duration of the dormancy phase is a significant challenge in the potato industry and for seed producers. However, the proteome landscape involved in the regulation of the length of the dormancy period over potato cultivars remains largely unexplored. In this study, we performed for the first time a comparative proteome profiling of potato cultivars with differential duration of tuber dormancy. More specifically, the proteome profiling of Agata, Kennebec and Agria commercial potato varieties with short, medium and medium-long dormancy, respectively, was assessed at the endodormancy stage using high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled to reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-TripleTOF MS/MS). A total of 11 proteins/isoforms with statistically significant differential abundance among cultivars were detected on 2-DE gels and confidently identified by LC-TripleTOF MS/MS. Identified proteins have known functions related to tuber development, sprouting and the oxylipins biosynthesis pathway. Fructokinase, a mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, catalase isozyme 2 and heat shock 70 kDa were the proteins with the strongest response to dormancy variations. To the best of our knowledge, this study reports the first candidate proteins underlying variable dormancy length in potato cultivars.

Aquaculture and by-products: Challenges and opportunities in the use of alternative protein sources and bioactive compounds.

There is a growing concern about chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cancer and cardiovascular diseases resulting from profound changes in the western lifestyle. Aquaculture by-products are generated in large quantities and they can be profitably recycled through their bioactive compounds used for health or food supplements. Improving waste utilization in the field of aquaculture is essential for a sustainable industry to prevent or minimize the environmental impact. In this sense fish by-products are a great source of protein and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids which are particularly studied on Atlantic salmon or rainbow trout. Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) obtained from chemical, enzymatical and microbial hydrolysis of processing by-products are being used as a source of amino acids and peptides with high digestibility, fast absorption and important biological activities. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) from fish discards have been reported to decrease postprandial triacylglycerol levels, reduction of blood pressure, platelet aggregation and the inflammatory response. Crustacean by-products can also be used to produce chitosan with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity for food and pharmaceutical industries and carotenoids with important biological activity. Seaweeds are rich in bioactive compounds such as alginate, carrageenan, agar, carotenoids and polyphenols with different biological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory activity. Finally, regarding harvest microalgae, during the past decades, they were mainly used in the healthy food market, with >75% of the annual microalgal biomass production, used for the manufacture of powders, tablets, capsules or pills. We will report and discuss the present and future role of aquaculture by-products as sources of biomolecules for the design and development of functional foods/beverages. This chapter will focus on the main bioactive compounds from aquaculture by-products as functional compounds in food and their applications in biomedicine for the prevention and treatment of diseases.

Evaluation of linseed oil oleogels to partially replace pork backfat in fermented sausages.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, fat replacement in meat products is a matter of concern in the meat industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of pork backfat with two oleogels of linseed in dry-cured sausages. RESULTS: Five batches of dry-cured sausages were prepared with two oleogels, a mixture of γ-oryzanol and ß-sitosterol (SO) and beeswax (B), at two levels of replacement (20% and 40%) (SO-20, SO-40, B-20, and B-40, respectively) and a control batch. The fatty acid profile improved in terms of nutrition: the polyunsaturated fatty acid / saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) and n-6/n-3 ratio was about 1.41 and 0.93 for the higher levels of replacement, SO-40 and B-40, respectively. Quality parameters such as pH and color also changed with the inclusion of oleogels, resulting in changes in the sensory quality. CONCLUSION: Oleogels based on linseed enabled the replacement of pork backfat in fermented sausages. Depending on the level of fat substitution, such oleogels could replace fat in dry-cured sausages at the industrial level. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

The Major Storage Protein in Potato Tuber Is Mobilized by a Mechanism Dependent on Its Phosphorylation Status.

The role of the protein phosphorylation mechanism in the mobilization of vegetative storage proteins (VSPs) is totally unknown. Patatin is the major VSP of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber that encompasses multiple differentially phosphorylated isoforms. In this study, temporal changes in the phosphorylation status of patatin isoforms and their involvement in patatin mobilization are investigated using phosphoproteomic methods based on targeted two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). High-resolution 2-DE profiles of patatin isoforms were obtained in four sequential tuber life cycle stages of Kennebec cultivar: endodormancy, bud break, sprouting and plant growth. In-gel multiplex identification of phosphorylated isoforms with Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein-specific stain revealed an increase in the number of phosphorylated isoforms after the tuber endodormancy stage. In addition, we found that the phosphorylation status of patatin isoforms significantly changed throughout the tuber life cycle (P < 0.05) using the chemical method of protein dephosphorylation with hydrogen fluoride-pyridine (HF-P) coupled to 2-DE. More specifically, patatin phosphorylation increased by 32% from endodormancy to the tuber sprouting stage and subsequently decreased together with patatin degradation. Patatin isoforms were not randomly mobilized because highly phosphorylated Kuras-isoforms were preferably degraded in comparison to less phosphorylated non-Kuras isoforms. These results lead us to conclude that patatin is mobilized by a mechanism dependent on the phosphorylation status of specific isoforms.

Association of Patatin-Based Proteomic Distances with Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Quality Traits.

Patatin is the major tuber storage protein constituted by multiple isoforms highly variable across potato ( S. tuberosum) varieties. Here, we report a first association study of the variability of patatin isoforms between cultivars with their differences in tuber quality traits. Patatin-based proteomic distances were assessed between 15 table and/or processing potato cultivars from profiles of patatin obtained by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The content of ash, dry matter, reducing sugars, starch, total protein, and amino acid composition was also evaluated in tubers of each cultivar. Results showed that proteomic distances were significantly ( P < 0.05) associated with differences in the content of ash, dry matter, and essential amino acids. Proteomic distances were also able to identify outlier cultivars regarding the content of dry matter, content of protein, and protein quality. In conclusion, patatin-based proteomic distances can shorten the screening and selection processes of potato cultivars with advantageous characteristics in molecular breeding.

Apendicitis aguda. Estudio comparativo entre puerto único, laparoscopia convencional versus laparotomía / Acute appendicitis. Comparative study of single port, conventional laparoscopic versus laparotomy

Objetivo:Comparar las tres técnicas de abordaje para la apendicectomía: puerto único (APU), laparoscopia convencional (ALC) y laparotomía (AL) en pacientes con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda. Métodos: se realizó AL por incisión de McBurney, ALC por tres puertos y APU. Para las cirugías por APU y ALC se utilizó pinza de LigaSure AtlasTM 37cms Hand de 10mm (Covidien®) para ligar el mesoapéndice, sutura crómico catgut® 0 o endoloop®para ligar la base de la apéndice, en abierta o laparoscopica, respectivamente. Para la APU se utilizó el SILS Port™ (Covidien®). Se realizó un estudio comparativo, prospectivo, monocéntrico, entre abril 2014 y octubre 2014, en pacientes con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda en el Hospital General del Este "Dr. Domingo Luciani"y que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Se realizaron 58 apendicectomías, 20 AL, 20 ALC y 18 APU. El tiempo quirúrgico y la estancia hospitalaria fueron menores en las ALC con promedio de 47 minutos y 33,6 horas, respectivamente. La incidencia de complicaciones intraoperatorias y postoperatorias fueron mayores el las AL estableciéndose una relación estadística-mente significativa entre la técnica quirúrgica y la infección del sitio operatorio (p < 0,05). La técnica quirúrgica influye en la manifestación de dolor en las primeras 08 horas de postoperatorio (p < 0,05). Conclusión: La decisión del abordaje quirúrgico será determinado por la experiencia del cirujano y la disponibilidad del instrumental quirúrgico, sin embargo, la evidencia actual sugiere que la ALC debe ser considerada como primera elección(AU)

Objective: To compare the three techniques approach appendectomy: single port (SPA), conventional laparoscopy (CLA) and laparotomy (LA) in patients with acute appendicitis. Methods: LA was performed by McBurney incision, CLA was performed with three ports and SPA. LigaSure clamp 10mm Hand AtlasTM 37cms (Covidien®) was used to cut the mesoappendix, chromic suture catgut® 0 or endoloop® to ensure the base of the appendix, in open or laparoscopic, respectively. The SILS™ Port (Covidien®) was used for the SPA. A comparative, prospective, single-center study was conducted between April 2014 and October 2014, in patients with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis in East General Hospital "Dr.Domingo Luciani" and who met the inclusion criteria. Results: 58 appendectomies, 20 LA, 20 CLA and 18 SPA were performed. The operative time and hospital stay were lower in the CLA average of 47 minutes and 33.6 hours, respectively. The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications were higher on the LA establishing a statistically significant relationship between surgical technique and surgical site infection (p <0.05). The surgical technique influences the manifestation of pain in the first 08 hours postoperatively (p <0.05). Conclusion: The decision of surgical approach will be determined by the surgeon's experience and availability of surgical instruments, however, current evidence suggests that CLA should be considered as first choice(AU)

Optimisation of antioxidant extraction from Solanum tuberosum potato peel waste by surface response methodology.

This study reports the optimised conditions (temperature, ethanol concentration and processing-time) for antioxidant extraction from potato peel (Agria variety) waste. At short extraction times (34 min), optimal yields of phenolic (TP) and flavonoid (Fv) compounds were reached at 89.9°C and ethanol concentrations of 71.2% and 38.6%, respectively. The main phenolic compounds identified in the extracts were chlorogenic (Cl) and ferulic (Fer) acids. A significant positive correlation was found between antioxidant activity and TP, Fv, Fer and Cl responses. Potato peel extracts were able to stabilize soybean oil under accelerated oxidation conditions, minimising peroxide, totox and p-anisidine indices. The production of hexanal and 2-hexenal in soybean oil samples was maximal for extracts obtained at intermediate temperatures and ethanol concentrations. Our results demonstrate potato peel waste is a good source of antioxidants able to effectively limit oil oxidation, while contributing to the revalorisation of these agrifood by-products.

Relación entre síntomas de Síndrome de Intestino Irritable y síntomas depresivos en pacientes hospitalizados / Relation between irritable bowel syndrome symptons and depressive symptons in hospitalized patients

El síndrome de intestino irritable (SII) y la depresión son desórdenes frecuentes en la práctica médica. Existe una elevada frecuencia de diagnósticos psiquiátricos en los pacientes con SII. Los objetivos del presente estudio son describir la prevalencia de síntomas gastrointestinales bajos (SII) y de síntomas depresivos en pacientes internados en el Hospital Arzobispo Loayza y estudiar la relación entre dichos síntomas. Realizamos un estudio de tipo transversal de prevalencia de síntomas gastrointestinales bajos y de síntomas depresivos, así como un anáisis de casos y controles para estudiar la relación entre los síntomas ya descritos. Se realizaron encuestas a 282 pacientes, en cada encuesta se describían los criterios de Roma II y el Inventario de Beck. Hallamos 67.4 por ciento de casos con síntomas depresivos y 31.9 por ciento de casos con síntomas de SII. En 24.1 por ciento de pacientes se encontró asociación significativa entre síntomas depresivos y gastrointestinales bajos (p<0.05). Concluimos que los síntomas depresivos y gastrointestinales bajos tienen una alta frecuencia en pacientes hospitalizados y que hay asociación significativa entre ellos.