[Effects of long-term fertilization on soil fertility in yellow fluvo-aquic soil]. / 长期不同施肥方式对黄潮土肥力特征的影响.

Based on the long-term field fertilization experiment in yellow fluvo-aquic soil, this study selected 2 types of soil physical, 8 items of soil chemical, and 5 soil biological properties for principal component-cluster analysis to valuate comprehensively effects of long-term fertilization on soil fertility. Results showed that significant differences of soil properties were found among the fertilization treatments. Compared with no organic manure treatment (NPK), all treatments of organic manure (M) or its combination with inorganic fertilizers (MN, MNP, MNPK) significantly reduced soil bulk density, and increased soil total porosity, the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, microbial biomass, and activities of catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and invertase. Two principal components that could reflect 85.5% of the original information quantity without losing any original variables were extracted from the initial 15 indices. Within the primary group of principal components, bulk density, total porosity, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, total phosphorous, available phosphorus, available potassium,microbial biomass, catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and inver-tase were the major contributors, while among the secondary group of principal components, total potassium and pH were the major ones. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the new indices extracted based on scores of the two principal components revealed the effects of different patterns of long-term fertilization displayed an order of MNPK＞MNP＞M, MN＞NPK＞N, NP＞CK. In conclusion, organic fertilizer has the positive effect on improving soil fertility, and combined application of organic and N, P, K fertilizer is the best fertilizing model.

Study of the in vitro-in vivo correlation of Danshensu and protocatechuic aldehyde in a two-step release system.

A two-step release system (TSRS) for the compound Danshen, which has drug-release behavior that is in accordance with the circadian rhythms of cardiovascular disease, was developed by combining an effervescent osmotic pump tablet and a pulsed-released tablet into one hard capsule by our lab. An in vivo study indicated that after oral administration of TSRS, two peaks of the plasma concentration of both Danshensu (DS) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PA) were observed, which suggested that the drug plasma concentration-time curve could meet the requirements for chronotherapy of cardiovascular disease after the bed-time administration of such a device. High performance liquid chromatography using an ultraviolet (UV) detector was used to simultaneously determine the concentrations of DS and PA in plasma. This method was simple, convenient, and appropriate for the quality control of DS and PA. A linear correlation model was established based on the percent absorbant data and percent in vitro dissolution data. Because the drugs were released from the device in an osmotic pressure-dependent manner and absorbed rapidly, a reasonable linear regression relationship was observed between the in vitro and in vivo performances. The current study highlights the potential use of such a device for chronopharmaceutical drug delivery.

[Effect of reducing injection on HFMD in children: a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical effects of Reduning Injection on ordinary hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. METHODS: 76 children with confirmed diagnosis of HFMD were randomly assigned to 3 groups by the center randomization method, i.e., the Western medicine group (WM, 24 cases, treated with Ribavirin Injection or antibiotics), the Reduning Injection group (RI, 26 cases, treated with Reduning Injection), and the combination group (26 cases, treated with the combination of Reduning injection with Ribavirin Injection or antibiotics). The therapeutic course lasted for 3 to 7 days. A 3-day follow-up study was performed by the end of the treatment. The blood routines, the liver function, the renal function, the fasting blood glucose, the pyretolysis effect initiating time, the time for the body temperature recovery, and the rash subside time were observed in the three groups. RESULTS: (1) Of 76 patients, 13 dropped out, with the final effective case being 63. Of them, there were 19 cases in the WM group, 22 in the RI group, and 22 in the combination group. (2) Compared with the WM group, the pyretolysis effect initiating time and the time for the body temperature recovery were both significantly shortened in the RI group and the combination group (P<0.05, P<0.01). (3) There was no significant difference in the rash subside time among the three groups (P>0.05). But there was shortening tendency in the RI group and the combination group. (4) One child in the RI group dropped out from this study due to a mild rash, and no adverse drug reaction occurred in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: RI had some advantages in treatment of HFMD such as fasting pyretolysis effect initiating time, shorter time for the body temperature recovery, higher safety. Besides, it also could accelerate the subside of skin rashes to some extent.

[A new naphthaquinone derivative from Pyrola calliantha H. Andres].

To investigate the chemical constituents of hemostatic extract of Pyrola calliantha H. Andres, the extract was subjected to chromatographic separation and purification. Along with some known compounds, a new naphthaquinone derivative was isolated and identified as 2-(1, 4-dihydro-2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-dioxo-3-naphthalenyl)-3, 4, 5-trihydroxylbenzoic acid by physicochemical and spectroscopic analysis.

[Effect of electroacupuncture on the permeability of blood-brain barrier for nerve growth factor and its relevance to PKC pathway in cerebral ischemia rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Yamen" (GV 15) on the permeability of blood-brain barrier for exogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) and its relevance to PKC pathway in cerebral ischemia (CI) rats. METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats were randomized into sham-operation (sham), model, NGF, EA, NGF + EA, and NGF + H7 + EA groups. CI model was established by repeated occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries and reperfusion. NGF (10 microg/kg) was administrated by intravenous injection (vena caudalis); while H 7 [1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-mehtylpoperazine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), 1 mg/kg] was given by intraperitoneal injection. EA (100 Hz, 2 mA) was applied to "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Yamen" (GV 15) for 20 min. NGF content in the brain tissue was assayed by enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: In comparison with sham group, cerebral NGF content had no apparent change in model group (P > 0.05). Comparison among the abovementioned 6 groups showed that cerebral NGF level in NGF + EA group was significantly higher than those in sham, model, EA and NGF groups (P < 0.01). No significant differences were found among sham, model, NGF, EA and NGF+ H7 + EA groups and between NGF + EA and NGF + H7 + EA groups in cerebral NGF contents (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: EA of GV 20 and GV 15 can raise the permeability of blood-brain barrier for NGF to increase its level in the cerebral tissue in CI rats, favoring the regeneration and repair of nerves, which has no clear relevance to PKC pathway.

[Male infertility with severe oligospermatism and azoospermia treated by Bushen Shengjing Decoction combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the pregnancy promoting effect of Bushen Shengjing Decoction (BSSJD) combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in treating male infertility with severe oligospermatism and azoospermia (SOA). METHODS: ICSI were applied on 164 patients, among them, the 82 assigned to the TCM group were treated with additionally by BSSJD before injection for 2-3 months, and the other 82 assigned to the control group received ICSI alone. The density, motility, viability and deformity of sperm; semen level of reactive oxygen species (ROS); number of eggs retrieved, M II eggs and mean transplanted fetus; rates of fertilization, cleavage, available embryo and clinical pregnancy in the two groups were observed and compared. RESULTS: Compared with those in the control group, the density, motility and viability of sperm were higher, the deformity rate and ROS level were lower in the TCM group respectively (P<0.05). Moreover, higher rates of fertilization and clinical pregnancy were also shown in the TCM group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: BSSJD has the effects of decreasing semen level of ROS and improving the quality of sperm. It is also helpful for the natural fertilization ability of patients with SOA and raise the viability of their sperm to increase the ovarian fertilization rate and clinical pregnancy rate in ICSI cycles.

[Studies on the preparation technology of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound for chuanxiong volatile oil extracted with CO2 supercritical fluid].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the preparation technology of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound for chuanxiong volatile oil. METHOD: Orthogonal test was used to evaluate the influence of the 4 factors, including the proportion of volatile oil to beta-cyclodextrin, the mode of mixing, inclusion temperature and mixing time. RESULT: The best inclusion condition is the proportion of volatile oil to beta-cyclodextrin 1:9, the mode of mixing grinding, inclusion temperature 60 degrees C and inclusion time 90 min. CONCLUSION: The best inclusion technology of chuanxiong volatile oil is confirmed.