RESUMO
Probiotics are widely used in aquaculture. This article aims to study the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LSG2-8 on the intestinal barrier function of Rhynchocypris lagowskii. B. amyloliquefaciens LSG2-8 were added to R. lagowskii basal diets (CK) as additives at four concentrations: 1.0 × 106 (D-6), 1.0 × 107 (D-7), 1.0 × 108 (D-8) and 1.0 × 109 (D-9) CFU g-1 by dry weight of basal diet. After a 56-day feeding experiment, the activities of intestinal digestive enzymes and immunity-related enzymes of R. lagowskii on group D-6, D-7, D-8 and D-9 diet were significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05). In molecular experiments, the authors found that the levels of TGF-ß mRNA, IL-10 mRNA, ZO-1 mRNA and claudin-3 mRNA in group D-8 R. lagowskii were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the control and other groups. Furthermore, the levels of IL-1ß and IL-8 mRNA of R. lagowskii on group D-6, D-7, D-8 and D-9 diet were significantly lower than those of the control (P < 0.05). In addition, the authors found that B. amyloliquefaciens LSG2-8 can regulate the intestinal flora balance and improve the intestinal structure of R. lagowskii. In conclusion, B. amyloliquefaciens LSG2-8 can improve the intestinal barrier function of R. lagowskii and can be used as a feed additive in aquaculture.
Assuntos
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , Cyprinidae , Probióticos , Animais , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/química , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens/fisiologia , Probióticos/farmacologia , Dieta/veterinária , Cyprinidae/genética , Ração Animal/análise , Suplementos NutricionaisRESUMO
To study the effects of dietary methionine on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, protein metabolism, inflammatory response and apoptosis factors in Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis). Five diets with different methionine levels (0.63%, 0.85%, 1.06%, 1.25% and 1.47%) were fed to E. sinensis for 8 weeks. Results showed that in the 1.25% Met group, both growth performance and feed utilization were significantly increased. The crude protein content of crab muscle in the 1.06% and 1.25% Met groups was significantly higher than that in the control group. The immune and antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as gene expression levels of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor 1 (ALF1), Crustin-1, prophenoloxidase (proPO), cap 'n' collar isoform C (CncC) in 1.25% Met group were significantly higher than other groups. The activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and glutamate transaminase (GPT) in serum decreased first and then increased with the increase of methionine content, while the changes of ADA and GPT in hepatopancreas increased first and then decreased. 1.25% Met group exhibited significantly increased levels of GOT, GPT, and ADA compared to the control group. 1.25% Met diet group significantly up-regulated protein synthesis and anti-apoptotic factors, and significantly down-regulated inflammatory and pro-apoptotic factors in hepatopancreas. At 1.25% in the diet, methionine was found to boost E. sinensis growth, muscle protein deposition and immunity, as well as its antioxidant capacity. Combined with the above results, based on the expression of factors involved in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, it is proved that methionine can not only promote protein metabolism, improve feed utilization, but also alleviate the inflammatory response and apoptosis caused by oxidative stress in the body.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Braquiúros , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Braquiúros/metabolismo , China , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Imunidade Inata , Mamíferos/metabolismo , Metionina/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/genética , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismoRESUMO
Four unknown meroterpenoids named as psidials D-G (1-4) together with 5 known compounds (5-9) had been obtained from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Their absolute structures were elucidated by spectral and calculated methods. Psidials DF (1-3) represented unknown carbon skeleton of the 3,5-diformylbenzyl phloroglucinol-coupled sesquiterpenoid. The possible biosynthetic pathway for 1-3 was postulated. In the bioactivity assay, psidial F (3) was found to possess anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant activities.
Assuntos
Psidium , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anticoagulantes/farmacologia , Estrutura Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Folhas de Planta/química , Psidium/química , EsqueletoRESUMO
The present study investigated the effects of dietary Astragalus Propinquus schischkin polysaccharides on growth, immune responses, antioxidants responses and inflammation-related genes expression in Channa argus. Channa argus were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed 5 levels diets of A. propinquus schischkin polysaccharides (0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) for 56 days. The results showed, dietary A. propinquus schischkin polysaccharides addition can increase the final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate, decrease the feed conversion ratio of Channa argus. And dietary A. propinquus schischkin polysaccharides supplementation can increase the levels of serum superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lysozyme, complement 3, complement 4, immunoglobulin M and alkaline phosphatase, decrease the levels of serum malondialdehyde, cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. Furthermore, dietary A. propinquus schischkin polysaccharides can decrease the gene expression levels of interleukin-1ß, interleukin-, tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-κB, increase the gene expression levels of glucocorticoid receptor in liver, spleen, kidney, intestine. To sum up, dietary A. propinquus schischkin polysaccharides can accelerate growth, enhance immune responses and antioxidants responses, regulate inflammation-related genes expression in Channa argus and the optimum amount is 1000 mg/kg.
Assuntos
Astragalus propinquus/química , Proteínas de Peixes/genética , Peixes/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Ração Animal , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Aquicultura , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Peixes/imunologia , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/veterinária , Polissacarídeos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
In our screening program for new biologically active secondary metabolites, nine new polycyclic polyprenyled acylphloroglucinols, hyperscabins D-L, together with three known compounds, were obtained from the aerial parts of Hypericum scabrum. The chemical structures of 1-9 were characterized by extensive spectroscopic analyses, nuclear magnetic resonance calculation with DP4+ probability analysis, and the electronic circular dichroism spectra were calculated. Compound 1 was an unusual prenylated acylphloroglucinol decorated with a 5-oxaspiro [4,5] deca-1,9-dione skeleton. Compound 2 was a newly identified spirocyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol possessing a rare 5,5-spiroketal segment. Compounds 3, 8, and 10 (10 µM) exhibited pronounced hepatoprotective activity against d-galactosamine-induced WB-F344 cell damage in vitro assays. All test compounds (1, 3, and 7-12) demonstrated potential inhibitory effects at 10 µM against noradrenalinet ([3H]-NE) reuptake in rat brain synaptosome.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Hemiterpenos/farmacologia , Hypericum/química , Floroglucinol/análogos & derivados , Floroglucinol/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Animais , Antidepressivos/síntese química , Antidepressivos/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular , Hemiterpenos/síntese química , Hemiterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores da Captação de Neurotransmissores/síntese química , Inibidores da Captação de Neurotransmissores/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores da Captação de Neurotransmissores/farmacologia , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Floroglucinol/isolamento & purificação , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Substâncias Protetoras/síntese química , Substâncias Protetoras/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Sinaptossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinaptossomos/metabolismoRESUMO
Selenium (Se) is the most common micronutrient and that becomes toxic when present at higher concentrations in aquatic environments. Astaxanthin (AST) has been documented to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of dietary AST and Se exposure on oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in Channa argus. After acclimation, 540 fish were randomly distributed into nine groups housed in twenty-seven glass tanks. The fish were exposed for 8 weeks to waterborne Se at 0, 100 and 200 µg L-1 or dietary AST at 0, 50 and 100 mg kg-1. The results shown that Se accumulation in the kidney, liver, spleen, intestine and gill were significantly increased following Se exposure, dietary 50 and 100 mg kg-1 AST supplementation decreased the accumulation of Se in the kidney, liver, spleen, and intestine. In addition, AST supplementation can decrease oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the liver and spleen following exposure to waterborne Se. These results indicate that AST has the potential to alleviate the effects of Se toxicity in C. argus.
Assuntos
Peixes/fisiologia , Selênio/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Bioacumulação , Dieta , Brânquias/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Selênio/metabolismo , Baço , Xantofilas/toxicidadeRESUMO
Seven flavonoid dimers, biflavocochins A-G, together with six known compounds were isolated from the red resins of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Chinese dragon's blood). Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 1-7 was assigned by experimental and quantum chemical calculated ECD spectra, and that of 4 was further established by X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation. Compounds 1-3 are novel dimers of homoisoflavonoid and dihydrochalcone with a unique dibenzopyran ring. Compounds 2, 6, 7 exhibited moderate PTP1B inhibitory activities in an enzyme assay. Compound 1 showed neuroprotective effect on serum deficiency-induced cellular damage in PC12 cells.
Assuntos
Dracaena/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Cristalografia por Raios X , Dimerização , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Flavonoides/química , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Células PC12 , Extratos Vegetais/química , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 1/metabolismo , RatosRESUMO
Nrf2/Keap1 pathway is associated with oxidative stress. l-carnitine is currently under preclinical evaluation as a antioxidant, but the use of l-carnitine in aquaculture has been poorly evaluated and so far no mechanism has been demonstrated. Here, we explored the effects of l-carnitine in vitro and in vivo and discussed the possible molecular mechanisms involved. Firstly, Nrf2-siRNA significantly knocked down the mRNA level of Nrf2 in FHM cells. Thus, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, CAT, GSH-PX) and the level of antioxidant substance (GSH) and the level of MDA showed that Nrf2-siRNA pretreatment weakened the protective effect of l-carnitine. Moreover, the mRNA levels of Keap1, Nrf2, Maf and HO-1 indicated that l-carnitine regulated Nrf2/Keap1 activation. Furthermore, oxidized fish oil remarkably suppressed growth in Rhynchocypris lagowski Dybowski, and the lower antioxidant capacity was also observed in liver. According to the results of immune related indexes (the levels of IL-1ß, TNF-α, LZM, AKP) in serum and the mRNA levels of immune related genes (NF-κB, IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10 and TGF-ß) in liver, oxidized fish oil also induced inflammatory response in fish. Also, l-carnitine supplementation can relieve this bad condition. In conclusion, l-carnitine regulated Nrf2/Keap1 activation in vitro and in vivo and protected oxidized fish oil-induced inflammation response by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway in Rhynchocypris lagowski Dybowski.
Assuntos
Carnitina/metabolismo , Cyprinidae/imunologia , Doenças dos Peixes/imunologia , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Substâncias Protetoras/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Carnitina/administração & dosagem , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Cyprinidae/genética , Cyprinidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Doenças dos Peixes/tratamento farmacológico , Óleos de Peixe/farmacologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/veterinária , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo , Substâncias Protetoras/administração & dosagem , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
Eight undescribed 9,19-cycloartane type triterpenoid glycosides (cimdalglnoside A-H) and ten known analogues were obtained from the phytochemical research on the roots of Actaea dahurica (syn. Cimicifuga dahurica). All compounds were characterised by spectroscopic experiments, and chemical method. All the compounds isolated were assayed for cytotoxicity to five human cancer cell lines. Cimdalglnoside G showed promising cytotoxicities against Hela, and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values at 7.7 and 12.2⯵M.
Assuntos
Actaea/química , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/química , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , China , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Células HeLa , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Estrutura Molecular , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Six new and one known dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpenoids esterified with organic acids were obtained from the leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii. Spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, MS, NMR, ORD and CD) were used for the structure elucidation of the compounds. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were confirmed by X-ray single crystallographic analyses. The inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-induced macrophages of 1-7 were conducted. At 10⯵mol/L, compounds 1, 2 and 7 showed moderate inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-induced macrophages with inhibitory rate at 31.2⯱â¯3.6, 40.9⯱â¯4.3, and 66.79⯱â¯3.1%, respectively.
Assuntos
Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Tripterygium/química , Animais , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Células RAW 264.7 , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient that becomes toxic when present at higher concentrations in fish tissues. Allium mongolicum Regel flavonoids (AMRF) have been documented to possess antioxidant, immunoenhancement and anti-inflammation properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of dietary supplementation of AMRF and Se exposure on oxidative stress, immune responses and immune-related genes expression in Channa argus. A total of 480 C. argus were randomly divided into eight groups housed in twenty-four 200â¯L glass aquarium (3 tanks per group, 20 fish per tank). The fish were exposed for 56 days to waterborne Se at 0, 50, 100 and 200⯵g/L and/or dietary AMRF at 40â¯mg/kg. The result indicated that AMRF exerted significant protective effects by preventing alterations in the levels of bioaccumulation, malondialdehyde, lysozyme, complement C3 and immunoglobulin M. AMRF also assists in the elevation of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the liver and spleen while regulating the expression of immune-related genes including NF-κB p65, IκB-α, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-8, HSP70, HSP90, and glucocorticoid receptor after 56 days of Se exposure. Our results suggest that administration of AMRF (40â¯mg/kg) has the potential to combat Se toxicity in C. argus.
Assuntos
Allium/química , Peixes/imunologia , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Imunidade Inata/imunologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Selênio/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Testes de Toxicidade SubcrônicaRESUMO
Eight new meroterpenoids with different types of monoterpene units, namely, magmenthanes A-H (1-8), were identified from the bark of Magnolia officinalis var. biloba. Magmenthane A (1) possesses a 1,3-dioxabicyclo [4.3.01,5] nonane skeleton, 1-5 possess five pairs of enantiomers and 6 possesses a 1,1'-diallyl-biphenyl fragment. The structures of 1-8 were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 5 and 8 displayed significant PTP1B inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 4.38 and 3.88⯵M, respectively.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Magnolia/química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Casca de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Terpenos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Glutâmico/farmacologia , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/química , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 1/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The present study evaluated the effects of dietary Allium mongolicum Regel polysaccharide (AMRP) on growth, lipopolysaccharide-induced antioxidant responses and immune responses in Channa argus. A basal diet was supplemented with AMRP at 0, 1, 1.5 or 2 g/kg feed for 56 days. After the 56 days feeding period, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly increased or decreased (P < 0.05) by dietary AMRP, with the highest WG, SGR and the minimum FCR occurring in 1.5 g/kg AMRP group. Furthermore, AMRP supplementation conferred significant protective effects against LPS challenge by preventing alterations in the levels of complements 3 (C3) and complements 4 (C4), lysozyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) while regulating the expression of immune-related genes including heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), SOD, GST, IL-1 and TNF-α. Finally, AMRP supplementation significantly increased serum total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations and reduced mortality after LPS challenge. Taken together, our results suggest that the administration of AMRP could attenuate LPS-induced negative effects in C. argus, with 1.5 g/kg considered a suitable dose.
Assuntos
Allium/metabolismo , Peixes/metabolismo , Imunidade Vegetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Allium/fisiologia , Ração Animal , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/fisiologia , Dieta/métodos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Peixes/imunologia , Imunidade Inata , Lipopolissacarídeos/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Three 18(4â3)-abeo-abietanoids, a new natural product and two new compounds, named tripordolides Aâ»C (1â»3), were isolated from the leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration of compounds was confirmed by CD and X-ray crystallographic analysis using anomalous scattering of Cu Kα radiation. Compounds 1 and 3 showed moderate inhibitory activities against NO production in lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS) RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro.
Assuntos
Abietanos/farmacologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Tripterygium/química , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Macrófagos/citologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismoRESUMO
Magterpenoid A (1), possessing a rare 4,6,11-trioxatricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undecane framework with an irregular monoterpenoid moiety, magterpenoid B (2), with an unprecedented 6/6/6/6 polycyclic skeleton, and magterpenoid C (3), a novel terpenoid quinone with a C6-C3 unit, were isolated from the bark of Magnolia officinalis var. biloba. Plausible biogenetic pathways of 1-3 are presented. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited significant PTP1B inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 1.44 and 0.81 µM, respectively.
Assuntos
Magnolia , Estrutura Molecular , Casca de Planta , Extratos VegetaisRESUMO
Two new saponins, notoginsenosides Ng1 (1) and Ng2 (2), together with seven known compounds (3-9), were isolated from the leaves of Panax notoginseng. Their structures were elucidated by UV, IR, HRESIMS, and NMR experiments. Compounds 6 and 7 showed moderate cytotoxic activities against HCT-116, with IC50 values of 4.98 and 0.64 µmol/L, respectively.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/isolamento & purificação , Panax notoginseng/química , Saponinas/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Folhas de Planta/química , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
In view of the significant neuroprotective effect of Clausena lansium, we continued to separate the n-butanol and the water extracts from the stems of C. lansium in order to find the leading compounds with significant activity. Two new phenolic glycosides, Clausenolside A-B (1-2), one new pair of phenolic enantiomers (3a, 3b), and two new monoterpenoids, clausenapene A-B (4-5), together with twelve known analogues (6-17) were isolated from the stems of C. lansium. Compounds 1-17 were obtained from C. lansium for the first time. Compounds 3a, 3b, 4, 16, and 17 showed strong or moderate potential neuroprotective effects on inhibited PC12 cell injury induced by okadaic acid, and compound 9 exhibited strong potential hepatoprotective activities. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including UV, IR, NMR experiments, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra.
Assuntos
Clausena/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Caules de Planta/química , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Descoberta de Drogas , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Hidrólise , Monoterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/isolamento & purificação , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Células PC12 , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/farmacologia , Ratos , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
Microcystin-LR (MCLR), one of the most popular microcystins (MCs) found in many field water bodies around the world, poses great health risks to animals and humans. In the present study, healthy common carp (initial weight 24.8 ± 2.3 g) were randomly assigned to five groups. Group I was fed on normal diet as control. Group II was maintained on normal diet and received MCLR intraperitoneal injection (150 µg kg-1 BW). Common carp in groups III, IV, and V were daily pretreated with L-carnitine (LC) at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g kg-1 of the diet for 4 weeks prior to MCLR intraperitoneal injection. The results showed that MCLR alone led to a significant downregulation in immune response, including serum complement C3, lysozyme, and bactericidal activity. However, oxidative stress response: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were significantly increased. Similarly, gene expressions of inflammatory IL-1ß, TNF-α, IFN I, and heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) were also upregulated after challenged with MCLR. However, LC pretreated group caused a significant elevation in immune response (C3, lysozyme, and bactericidal activity) and gene expressions of inflammatory IL-1ß, TNF-α, IFN I, and heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) after MCLR stress. Antioxidant activities (CAT, SOD, GSH, GPx, and LPO) were returned to background levels at 96 h after MCLR challenge. Strikingly, LC supplementation at 2.0 g kg-1 has been considered the optimum for common carp since it exhibited enhancement of immune response and antioxidant activity over the level 0.5 and 1.0 g kg-1, and even better than that of control level. It was concluded that LC as a functional feed additive significantly inhibited the progression of MCLR-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative stress in common carp.
Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Carnitina/farmacologia , Carpas/fisiologia , Microcistinas/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinária , Enzimas/metabolismo , Toxinas MarinhasRESUMO
Three new lupane-type triterpenoids (1-3), three new oleane-type triterpenoids (4-6), as well as two known compounds (7-8) were isolated from Euonymus carnosus. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses, including UV, IR, MS, and NMR experiments. The inhibitory on LPS-induced NO production in microglia BV2 cells of compounds 1-8 were also evaluated. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate abilities to inhibit NO production, with IC50 values of 5.99 and 8.47µM, respectively.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/química , Caules de Planta/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Three new lignanosides (+)-(8S,7'S,8'S)-burselignan-9'-O-ß-d-glucopyrano side (1), (+)-(8R,7'S,8'R)-isolariciresinol-9'-O-ß-d-fucopyranoside (2), (-)-(8S, 7'R,8'R)-methoxyisoariciresinol-9'-O-α-l-rhamnoside (3), along with four known compounds, were isolated from the aerial parts of Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.Cours.) G.Don. The fucopyranoside has not been reported in this genus previously. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, CD), as well as by comparison with known analogues in the literature. Compounds 2 and 6 showed moderate hepatoprotective activities.