Abnormal Level of Manganese, Iron, Iodine, and Selenium in the Hair of Children Living in Kashin-Beck Disease Endemic Areas.

Biological geochemistry is a main suggested cause of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), due to the absence or excess of elements in the environment. Initially, Se deficiency is regarded as the most key role in the etiology of KBD, and selenium supplementation effectively helps to prevent and control KBD. However, several elements are reported to be relevant to KBD or selenium in succession, which indicated selenium deficiency is not the original etiology of KBD. The study comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of the bio-element profile of KBD and further re-examined the unique role of selenium in etiology. The study measured 14 elements, including sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, selenium, iodine, manganese, lead, arsenic, and mercury, which were detected from hair samples collected from 150 boys. Research participants were separated based on whether they had received any preventative treatment (with and without selenium supplementation). From endemic areas, 30 KBD and 30 healthy children without any preventative treatment were selected alongside 30 KBD and 30 healthy children with selenium supplementation. The participants from endemic areas were then compared to 30 healthy children living in non-endemic areas. Compared to the non-endemic group, the levels of iron and manganese were all significantly higher in the endemic groups and were further elevated in KBD participants (p < 0.05). In contrast, selenium and iodine levels in endemic areas were much lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The proportions of selenium excess (p < 0.05) and iodine deficiency (p < 0.05) in endemic groups were significantly lower than participants from non-endemic areas. Meanwhile, excess levels of iron (p < 0.05) and manganese (p < 0.05) were higher in the endemic groups. Moreover, the proportions of Zn/Fe and Se/Mn were found to be significantly lower in endemic area participants than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Three pairs of elements had a correlation coefficient value of more than 0.6: 0.7423 for manganese and calcium, 0.6446 for potassium and sodium, and 0.6272 for manganese and iron. The ratios of Se/Mn and Zn/Fe were associated with a correlation coefficient value of 0.8055. Magnesium, sodium, copper, and iodine levels were meticulously examined using binary regression analysis. This was also used to determine the ratios of Ca/Mg, Ca/P, Zn/Fe, Se/Mn, and Se/I. Thus, the study largely revealed the vital role of manganese, iron, and iodine (in conjunction with selenium) in KBD etiology and pathogenesis. High manganese and iron levels with low selenium and iodine levels were identified as characteristic features of the bio-element profile of KBD. The different element ratios reflect the interaction between several elements. The most significant of these were the proportions of Se/Mn and Zn/Fe, which may be significant in the occurrence and development of KBD.

Clinical Outcomes of Wulingsan Subtraction Decoction Treatment of Postoperative Brain Edema and Fever as a Complication of Glioma Neurosurgery.

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of Wulingsan subtraction ( WLSS) decoction in the treatment of postoperative brain edema and fever as a complication of glioma neurosurgery. Methods. This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery of Liaocheng People's Hospital. Patients hospitalized between March 2011 and December 2014 were divided into three groups: Group A received WLSS oral liquid (50 mL), twice a day; Group B received an intravenous infusion of mannitol; and Group C received WLSS combined with mannitol (n = 30 patients per group). All patients were treated for 10 days continuously. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by measuring body temperature and indicators of renal function before and 3, 5, and 10 days after treatment. Results. Compared to the other two groups, significantly greater clinical efficacy was observed in the patients treated with mannitol (Group B; P < 0.05), although marked clinical efficacy was also observed over time in patients treated with WLSS (Group A). After 5 days, the quantifiable effects of the WLSS and mannitol combination group (Group C) were substantial (P < 0.05). The renal damage in Group B was more obvious after 5 days and 10 days. Conclusion. Compared with mannitol treatment alone, WLSS combined with mannitol induced a more rapid reduction in body temperature. Our findings suggest that patients should be started on mannitol for 3 days and then switched to WLSS to achieve obvious antipyretic effects and protect renal function. This method of treatment should be considered for clinical applications.