RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The current management of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the urban Chinese population remains unclear and the relevant literature is still lacking. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the recent clinical practice in the management of spontaneous SAH in an urban population-based setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 2009 to 2011, the China Epidemiology Research In Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (CHERISH) project, which was a two-year prospective, multi-center, population-based, case-control study, was performed in the northern urban Chinese population. SAH cases were described in terms of their features, clinical management, and in-hospital outcomes. RESULTS: Totally of 226 cases were enrolled with a final diagnosis of primary spontaneous SAH (65% of females; mean age, 58.5±13.2 years; range, 20-87 years). Among them, 92% of these patients received nimodipine, while 93% took mannitol. Meanwhile, 40% of them received traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), while 43% took neuroprotective agents. Endovascular coiling was applied in 26% of 98 angiography-confirmed intracranial aneurysms (IA) cases, while neurosurgical clipping was in 5% of them. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings on the management of SAH in the northern metropolitan Chinese population reveal that nimodipine is an effective medical therapy with a high rate of use. There is also a high utilization rate of alternative medical interventions. Endovascular coiling occlusion is more common than neurosurgical clipping. Therefore, regionally traditional therapy may be a key factor for the difference in the treatment of SAH between northern and southern China.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Roto , Aneurisma Intracraniano , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Nimodipina , População Urbana , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Aneurisma Intracraniano/cirurgia , Aneurisma Roto/cirurgiaRESUMO
To investigate the effects of dietary taurine supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, and lipid metabolism in broilers, 384 male broilers (Arbor Acres, 1 D of age) were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 8 replicates of 8 birds. Dietary treatments were supplemented with taurine at the level of 0.00, 2.50, 5.00, and 7.50 g/kg of the diet (denoted as CON, TAU1, TAU2, TAU3, respectively). The BW gain from 1 to 21 D and from 22 to 42 D were all increased linearly (linear, P < 0.001) by taurine supplementation. Throughout the trial period, the highest BW gain and favorable gain-to-feed ratio were observed in the TAU2 group. Taurine supplementation increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased (linear, P < 0.001) the content of malondialdehyde in both serum and the liver of broilers and alleviated oxidative damage through enhancing (P < 0.05) the hepatic genes expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Correspondingly, in serum, the activities of hepatic lipase and total lipase were decreased linearly and quadratically (linear and quadratic, P < 0.001) with the increasing inclusion of taurine in the diet. Meanwhile, in serum, the content of triglycerides was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and except for TAU3, the total cholesterol content was also significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by taurine supplementation. In addition, the hepatic content of triglycerides was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the TAU1 and TAU2 groups. Compared with the CON group, the hepatic genes expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα), silent 1, (SIRT1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) were all increased (P < 0.05), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) expression was decreased (P < 0.05) in the TAU2 group. These results indicated that taurine supplementation improved the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism of broilers.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Galinhas , Suplementos Nutricionais , Crescimento , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Taurina , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dieta/veterinária , Enzimas/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Crescimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Taurina/farmacologiaRESUMO
1. A total of 648 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into six equal groups to investigate the effect of diet supplemented with fermented Ginkgo biloba leaves (FGBL) at different levels on nutrient utilisation, intestinal digestive function and antioxidant activity. 2. Broilers in the six groups were offered basal diet supplemented with either 0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 g/kg FGBL during the 42-d experiment, respectively. 3. Birds fed with 3.5 g/kg FGBL diet exhibited increased (P < 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake, apparent total tract retention (ATTR) of ether extract (EE) and relative weight of duodenum. Diets supplemented with FGBL increased (P < 0.05) antioxidant and digestive enzyme activities, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations at different degrees in pancreas and small intestine. The expression of antioxidant related genes was up-regulated (P < 0.05) by the transcription factor Nrf2 in small intestine, especially with supplementation of 3.5 and 4.5 g/kg FGBL in the diet. However, 5.5 g/kg diet significantly decreased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio and catalase activity (CAT) in the duodenum. 4. Body weight, relative weight of duodenum, amylase and trypsin activities in ileum, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and CAT in duodenum, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in ileum increased linearly and quadratically with FGBL content. Activities of amylase in pancreas, trypsin in jejunum, lipase in ileum, and GSH-PX in duodenum and jejunum increased linearly with FGBL content. Body weight gain, ATTR of EE, activities of trypsin in pancreas and amylase in jejunum, total superoxide dismutase activity in duodenum, T-AOC level and concentrations of MDA in the jejunum and ileum showed a quadratic (P < 0.05) dose response as supplemental FGBL level increased. 5. In conclusion, the addition of FGBL had the potential to improve nutrient utilisation, intestinal digestive function and antioxidant activity of broilers. The optimal dietary supplementation dose for broiler production seemed to be 3.5 to 4.5 g/kg.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Galinhas/fisiologia , Digestão/efeitos dos fármacos , Fermentação , Ginkgo biloba/química , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Galinhas/genética , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestinos/enzimologia , Intestinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Nutrientes/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/química , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
The object of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on modulating the glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant responses via NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in heat-stressed broiler chickens. A total of 400 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks was reared in an environmentally controlled room. At 21 d, broiler chicks were divided into 5 treatment groups and were fed one of 4 diets under 2 temperature conditions: 22°C + a basal diet (CON treatment); 34°C for 8 h (0900-1700) + a basal diet supplemented with 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg curcumin (HS, CMN1, CMN2, and CMN3 treatments, respectively). The heat treatment lasted for 20 consecutive days. The results showed that heat stress significantly increased (P < 0.05) the weekly rectal temperature and average head and feet temperature. Compared to the HS treatment, feed conversion was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in CMN1 and CMN2 treatments. CMN1 administration significantly improved (P < 0.05) the pH24 of muscle. The abnormal changes of serum malonaldehyde and corticosterone concentrations were prevented (P < 0.05) by curcumin. Mitochondrial GSH concentration in the liver was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in CMN1 and CMN2 treatments compared with the HS treatment. The CMN1, CMN2, and CMN3 supplementations significantly increased (P < 0.05) γ-GCL, GSH-Px, and GST activities. Curcumin significantly increased (P < 0.05) the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and γ-GCLc in the liver as compared to the CON diet. The expression of Cu/ZnSOD and CAT were increased (P < 0.05) by feeding CMN2, respectively, as compared to the HS treatment. It was concluded that curcumin supplementation enhanced the resistance of broilers to heat stress, as evidenced by reversing the FC, increasing the GSH content and GSH-related enzyme activities, and inducing the expression of Nrf2 and Nrf2-mediated phase II detoxifying enzyme genes.
Assuntos
Galinhas/fisiologia , Curcumina/metabolismo , Glutationa/genética , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/efeitos dos fármacos , Temperatura Alta/efeitos adversos , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Galinhas/genética , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Glutationa/metabolismo , Masculino , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation with different levels of fermented Ginkgo biloba leaves (FGBL) on growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, antioxidant enzyme capacity, and free radical scavenging activities of muscles in broiler chickens. A total of 648 one-d-old broiler chickens were randomly allocated into six dietary treatments, including control group (CON group: basal diet), FGBL1, FGBL2, FGBL3, FGBL4, and FGBL5 groups (basal diet containing 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 g/kg FGBL, respectively). Body weight gain and feed intake were recorded at 1, 21, and 42 d. At 42 d, 2 birds from each replicate were slaughtered. The results indicated that 3.5 g/kg FGBL diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG in 1 to 42 d and ADFI in 22 to 42 d compared with the CON group. In 1 to 21 d, 4.5 g/kg FGBL diet improved (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG. With dietary FGBL increasing, the feed: gain ratio (F/G) in 1 to 21 d was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). However, birds fed with 5.5 g/kg FGBL had a higher (P < 0.05) F/G compared with other groups in 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d. In addition, FGBL3 and FGBL4 showed lower (P < 0.05) L* value in breast muscle, cooking loss in thigh muscle and lower 24 h and 48 h drip loss in both breast and thigh muscles than those of other groups. Furthermore, birds in the FGBL3 and FGBL4 groups increased (P < 0.05) the activity of total superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capability in muscles, and the scavenging activities of 2,2Î-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid radical, OHâ¢, and O2â¢- in thigh muscle, decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde concentration in thigh muscle, as compared to the CON group. In conclusion, FGBL had the potential to improve the growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant status of broiler chickens. The optimal dose in the present study of FGBL in broiler diets was from 3.5 to 4.5 g/kg.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Galinhas/fisiologia , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ginkgo biloba/química , Carne , Músculo Esquelético/química , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Aspergillus niger/metabolismo , Candida/metabolismo , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fermentação , Carne/análise , Carne/normas , Músculos Peitorais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
Reactive oxygen species and free radicals play multiple roles in some immune-pathological events. Vitamin E, as a very potent antioxidant, perhaps deceases the potentially negative effects of such oxidative stress to prevent immune-pathological damage to broilers. Therefore, the current study investigated the effects of dietary natural (D-α-tocopherol) and synthetic (DL-α-tocopherol acetate) vitamin E on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity in cyclophosphamide (CY) immunosuppressed broilers. 192 one-day-old male Arbor Acre broilers were randomly distributed into 4 groups: 1) non-CY-challenged control; 2) CY-challenged control; 3) CY-challenged group+20 IU DL-α-tocopherol acetate per kg feed; and 4) CY-challenged group+20 IU D-α-tocopherol per kg feed. The maize-soybean basal diet in the control group contained α-tocopherol (7.12 mg/kg). Broilers were intramuscularly injected with 80 mg/kg body weight of CY or sterile saline at 16, 17, and 18 d of age. CY decreased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain and average daily feed intake, but vitamin E did not alter the growth performance of broilers before or after CY injection (P > 0.05). The decreased absolute weight of the spleen, thymus and bursa, serum interleukin 2 (IL-2), and interleukin 6 (IL-2) concentrations in CY-treated broilers were alleviated by vitamin E (P < 0.05) . The decreased relative weight (g/kg body weight) of the bursa in the CY-treated broilers was increased by natural vitamin E (P < 0.05). The CY-induced increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and decreases in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione, vitamin C, and α-tocopherol levels, and total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in both serum and the liver were attenuated by vitamin E (P < 0.05). Additionally, natural vitamin E increased α-tocopherol and T-AOC levels and decreased MDA content in the liver of CY-treated broilers (P < 0.05) when compared to the synthetic form. In summary, both synthetic and natural vitamin E supplementation improved lymphoid organ weights, serum IL-2 and IL-6 levels, and antioxidant capacity of immunosuppressed broilers induced by CY. Especially, natural vitamin E was superior to the synthetic form and enhanced α-tocopherol and T-AOC levels, reduced MDA concentration in the liver, and alleviated the immune damage of the bursa.
Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Galinhas/metabolismo , alfa-Tocoferol/química , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ciclofosfamida/farmacologia , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Interleucina-2/análise , Interleucina-6/análise , Malondialdeído/análise , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Aumento de Peso , alfa-Tocoferol/administração & dosagemRESUMO
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of including enzymatically treated Artemisia annua L. (EA) in broiler diets on growth performance, meat quality, and oxidative stability of breast and thigh muscles. A total of 256 one-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allotted into four groups with eight replicates of eight birds each. Broilers in the four groups were offered basal diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g/kg EA during the 42-d experiment, respectively. The ADG, ADFI, and feed/gain ratio (F:G) were measured at 42 d of age. Breast and thigh muscle samples from eight birds per treatment were obtained at 42 d to determine meat quality, free radical scavenging activity, and lipid peroxidation. All treatment groups had similar ADG, ADFI, and F:G during the 42 d experiment (P > 0.05). Drip loss at 24 h and shearing force of breast muscle were linearly (P < 0.05) and quadratically (P < 0.05) decreased by EA addition. The drip loss at 24 h and 48 h, cooking loss and shearing force of thigh muscle followed the same fashion. The supplementation of EA quadratically increased 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) (P = 0.004) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (P = 0.035) free radical scavenging activities in breast muscle, and linearly (P < 0.05) and quadratically (P < 0.05) increased ABTS and DPPH scavenging activities of thigh muscle. Increasing levels of EA linearly (P < 0.05) or quadratically (P < 0.05) or both decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in breast and thigh muscle samples during 15 d of storage at 4°C. The results indicated that EA supplementation improved meat quality and oxidative stability of breast and thigh muscles in broilers. The inclusion level of 1.0 g/kg EA in broiler diet was recommended.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Artemisia annua , Galinhas/fisiologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Carne/análise , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Artemisia annua/química , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dieta/veterinária , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Carne/normas , Músculos Peitorais/metabolismo , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oridonin (ORI) on growth performance and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens that were repeatedly challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 384 one-day-old male Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 8 treatments with 6 replicate cages per treatment and 8 birds per replicate. There were 4 dietary treatments: the control group (birds fed the basal diet), the ORI 50 group, the ORI 80 group, and the ORI 100 group (the basal diet supplemented with 50, 80, and 100 mg/kg oridonin, respectively). Broilers were intraperitoneally injected with either 250 µg/kg BW LPS or an equivalent amount of sterile saline at 16, 18, and 20 d of age. LPS decreased the average daily weight gain (ADG), the average daily feed intake (ADFI), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broiler chickens (P < 0.05); oridonin supplementation had no effects on performance whether before or after LPS injection (P > 0.05). LPS stimulation increased the relative weight of the spleen and bursa (P < 0.05); oridonin inclusion markedly attenuated the increased spleen index (P < 0.05). Additionally, the LPS-induced increases in the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreases in activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and catalase (CAT) were dramatically attenuated by oridonin in both the serum and liver (P < 0.05). Furthermore, LPS down-regulated the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), copper and zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx1), and CAT in the liver (P < 0.05), However, oridonin inclusion increased the liver mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, and GPx1 (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the dietary oridonin supplementation at an optimum dose of 100 mg/kg improves the antioxidant capacity in broilers, as evidenced by the decrease in MDA and the increase in total SOD activities and mRNA expression levels of the liver antioxidant genes, although the effects on growth performance was negligible.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Galinhas/fisiologia , Diterpenos do Tipo Caurano/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/imunologia , Galinhas/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Diterpenos do Tipo Caurano/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Escherichia coli/química , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of α-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E (VE)) and microencapsulated VE (MVE) on growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens. A total of 360 d-old broiler chicks were procured and randomly allocated into three groups with 6 replicates. Each replicate had 20 chickens. Chickens were fed with basal diets (CON group) or experimental diets supplemented with 20 mg/kg VE (VE group) or 20 mg/kg MVE (MVE group) for 42 d. The results showed that the MVE group had higher body weight gain (BWG) than the CON and VE groups, and higher gain/feed ratio (G/F ratio) than the CON group during the period of 22-42 d. During the whole experiment, a higher increase in BWG was found in the MVE group than the CON group. Chickens fed on diets supplemented with the VE or MVE had lower abdominal fat percentage, higher pH and antioxidant enzyme activity than the CON group in the breast meat. There was an increased tendency in the hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activity of the VE and MVE groups than the CON group. The hepatic mitochondrial total antioxidant capacity and GSH-Px enzyme activity in the MVE group were higher than the CON group. Hepatic 2,2-dipheny-Ê-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity of the MVE group was higher than the CON group. These results suggested that the dietary addition of VE or MVE could improve breast meat quality in broilers. MVE supplementation may improve growth performance, hepatic mitochondrial antioxidant capacity and free radical scavenging capacity in chickens. In addition, dietary supplementation of MVE gave better broiler growth performance than VE.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Galinhas/fisiologia , Carne/análise , Vitaminas/farmacologia , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacologia , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Composição de Medicamentos/veterinária , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/enzimologia , Carne/normas , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição Aleatória , Vitaminas/química , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A total of 400 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were raised at a recommended environmental temperature from d 1 to 20 (experimental day [ED] = ED1 to ED20). On ED21, the chicks were weighed and reallocated into 5 treatment groups, with 8 replicates of 10 birds each. The 5 treatment groups were as follows: the control group, in which chicks were housed at 22 ± 1°C and fed the basal diet, and the HS, HS-CUR50, HS-CUR100, and HS-CUR200 groups, in which chicks were housed at 34 ± 1°C for 8 h (0900-1700 h) and 22 ± 1°C for the rest time and fed the basal diet with 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg curcumin, respectively. From ED21 to ED42, the heat treatment lasted for 20 consecutive days. The results showed that heat-stressed broilers had greater (P < 0.05) average head surface and rectal temperature on ED21 and ED42 than the non-heat-stressed broilers. Diets supplied with 50 and 100 mg/kg curcumin increased (P < 0.05) the G:F compared to the heat-stressed groups. Mitochondrial malondialdehyde levels, an index of lipid peroxidation, in the breast muscle were 15.15 and 9.09% higher (P < 0.05) in 50 and 100 mg/kg curcumin supplemented groups than that of the heat-stressed group, respectively. Curcumin supplementation (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) increased (P < 0.05) mitochondrial glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and manganese superoxide dismutase activities compared to heat-stressed broilers. Curcumin supplementation (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) of heat shock protein 70 mRNA levels in the breast muscle. The breast muscle mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α and nuclear respiratory factor 1 and 2 in heat-stressed groups was increased (P < 0.05) in response to dietary 100 mg/kg curcumin treatment. Additionally, when compared to the heat-stressed group, mitochondrial transcription factor A mRNA levels were increased (P < 0.05) by 17.64% in the 200 mg/kg curcumin supplemented group. In conclusion, dietary curcumin supplementation prevented heat-stress-impaired growth performance, possibly through improving the antioxidant defense system and enhancing the mitochondrial biogenesis.
Assuntos
Galinhas/fisiologia , Curcumina/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/veterinária , Temperatura Alta/efeitos adversos , Mitocôndrias Musculares/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Dieta/veterinária , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/administração & dosagem , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/metabolismo , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/metabolismo , Transtornos de Estresse por Calor/prevenção & controle , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias Musculares/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologiaRESUMO
A novel series of 2-(substituted-imino)thiazolidin-4-ones were synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity using the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (Sc-PTZ) assays and their neurotoxicity was measured by the rotarod test. The results of these tests demonstrated that 2-(4-(pentyloxy)phenylimino)thiazolidin-4-one (5d) was the most potent anticonvulsant, with ED50 value of 18.5 mg/kg and 15.3 mg/kg in the MES and Sc-PTZ tests, and protective index (PI=TD50/ED50) values of 10.6 and 12.8 respectively. 5d was much safer than a reference drug Carbamazepine.
Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/síntese química , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Tiazolidinas/síntese química , Tiazolidinas/farmacologia , Animais , Anticonvulsivantes/toxicidade , Carbamazepina/farmacologia , Convulsivantes/farmacologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Eletrochoque , Feminino , Indicadores e Reagentes , Masculino , Camundongos , Pentilenotetrazol/antagonistas & inibidores , Pentilenotetrazol/farmacologia , Equilíbrio Postural/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of supplementation with 2 carotenoids, curcumin and lutein, on pigmentation and immunity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated broiler chicks. Two hundred forty 1-d-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly distributed into 3 dietary treatment groups: a basal diet without carotenoid supplementation (control), a basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg of curcumin (CRM), or a basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg of lutein (LTN) for 42 d. The birds were vaccinated against Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza on d 10. At 16, 18, and 20 d of age, half of the chicks in each group were injected in the abdominal region with either LPS (250 mg/kg of BW) or an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl. The intensity of the shank skin color (Roche color fan score) and the b* (yellow) values of the breasts and thighs were highest in lutein-supplemented broilers, followed by curcumin-supplemented and control broilers, whereas the a* (red) value of the thigh muscle was highest in curcumin-supplemented LPS-induced birds. At 42 d, the relative weight of the abdominal fat was lowest in the CRM-supplemented group, followed by the LTN-supplemented and control groups; the spleen weight was lower in the non-LPS-induced LTN-supplemented group than the LPS-induced control group. The ND and avian influenza titers were significantly higher in the CRM-supplemented group than in the other groups at 20 d; at 30 d, the ND titer was significantly higher in the LPS-induced LTN group. Supplementation with curcumin significantly promoted B and T lymphocyte proliferation in both LPS- and non-LPS-induced birds at 21 d. Curcumin also promoted B lymphocyte proliferation in non-LPS-induced birds at 42 d. Curcumin significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities at 42 d in non-LPS-treated birds, whereas lutein significantly increased the activities of these enzymes in LPS-induced birds. Both carotenoids significantly lowered lipid oxidation in the liver of supplemented birds. Thus, in broiler chickens, lutein-supplemented birds exhibited better pigmentation efficiency, whereas curcumin-supplemented birds exhibited improved immune responses.
Assuntos
Galinhas/fisiologia , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipopolissacarídeos/imunologia , Luteína/administração & dosagem , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Pigmentação/efeitos dos fármacos , Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/metabolismo , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/imunologia , Galinhas/imunologia , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Escherichia coli/imunologia , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/imunologia , Baço/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
The translocation of different inorganic phosphorus (Pi) forms in a low-P soil (Langfang experimental station, Hebei province, China) over time was investigated using P fractionation extraction and a (32)P tracer technique. The L-value and P availability of the soil was assessed using 5 different maize genotype (Zea mays L.) cultivars. The results showed that the different Pi fractions in the soil increased in the order of H(2)SO(4)-extractable P (Ca(10)-P) > Na(3)C(6)H(5)O(7)-Na(2)S(2)O(4)-extractable P (O-P) > NH(4)Ac-extractable P (Ca(8)-P) > NaHCO(3)-extractable P (Ca(2)-P), NH(4)F-extractable P (Al-P), NaOH-Na(2)CO(3)-extractable P (Fe-P), and the content of plant-unavailable P (Ca(10)-P + O-P) was high, up to 79.1%, which might be an important reason for P deficiency in this low-P soil. The (32)P tracer results showed that after the addition of (32)P-Pi to the soil with no P fertilizer applied for 25 d, 29.0% of (32)P was quickly transformed into Ca(2)-P (rapidly available P), and 66.1% of (32)P was transformed into Al-P, Fe-P and Ca(8)-P (slowly available P). Only 5.0% of (32)P was transformed into O-P and Ca(10)-P (plant-unavailable P). Moreover, in the soil with P fertilizer applied, (32)P transformation into Ca(2)-P increased, and the transformation into Ca(8)-P + Fe-P + AL-P and O-P, Ca(10)-P significantly decreased compared to the soil with no P fertilizer applied (p < 0.05). This result suggested a higher rate for water-soluble P transformation to slowly available and plant-unavailable P in P deficient soil than in soil with sufficient P. The results of maize L-value determination showed that different genotype maize cultivars had different soil P-use efficiency and low-P tolerance mechanisms. Low-P tolerant cultivar DSY-32 regulated soil P-use efficiency and plant P content according to exogenous P fertilizer application. However, another low-P tolerant cultivar, DSY-2, used soil P more efficiently, regardless of the application of exogenous P.
Assuntos
Fósforo/química , Fósforo/metabolismo , Solo/química , Zea mays/metabolismo , Fracionamento Químico , China , Fertilizantes , Genótipo , Radioisótopos de Fósforo/química , Radioisótopos de Fósforo/metabolismo , Contagem de Cintilação , Zea mays/genética , Zea mays/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, it was found that the ultrastructure of chloroplasts were changed, the shape of the chloroplasts altered and the numbers of grana that were asymmetrical increased; the numbers of grana and thylakoids decreased under the stress of Cd and Zn. The results indicated that the complex pollution involving Cd and Zn resulted in the membrane system of chloroplasts being damaged. When external phosphorus was applied, the numbers of damaged chloroplasts were significantly reduced and the nucleoli were better formed than those that did not receive phosphorus treatment. Moreover, many phosphate deposits were found in the vacuoles and on the surface of the roots, which were formed by phosphorus complexing with Cd (K(sp)=2.53x10(-33)) and Zn (K(sp)=9.00x10(-33)), respectively. Treatment with phosphorus conduced an increased chlorophyll content in plants compared with those that did not receive external phosphorus.
Assuntos
Cádmio/toxicidade , Clorofila/análise , Fósforo/farmacologia , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Zea mays/ultraestrutura , Núcleo Celular/química , Núcleo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Cloroplastos/química , Cloroplastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloroplastos/ultraestrutura , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Microscopia Eletrônica/métodos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/métodos , Folhas de Planta/química , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/ultraestrutura , Raízes de Plantas/química , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/ultraestrutura , Zea mays/química , Zea mays/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) can accelerate the process of plant breeding, and sequence-tagged site (STS) markers are highly specific for regions of DNA being used for MAS. The objective of this research was to develop STS markers tightly linked with Rf1, the fertility restoring gene for cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Bulked segregant analysis was employed to screen for Rf1-linked RAPD markers in a backcross population. Four RAPD markers were identified, three of which co-segregated with Rf1 (UBC147(1400), UBC607(500), and UBC679(700)). Another fragment, UBC169(800), co-segregated with the previously reported UBC169(700) in repulsion phase at a distance of 4.5 cM from Rf1. A marker published by others (UBC659(1500)) mapped to 2.7 cM from Rf1 and 1.8 cM from UBC169(800). Four sets of STS primer pairs were designed based on the RAPD fragment sequences. The primer pairs from the UBC147(1400) and UBC607(500) fragments both amplified a single fragment specific to fertile plants. The UBC679(700) and UBC659(1500) STS primer pairs each amplified one fragment specific to fertile plants and a monomorphic fragment. These four Rf1-linked STS markers were also present in the Rf1 donor species G. harknessii (D2-2). The three primer pairs that produced co-segregating STS markers also amplified fragments from G. trilobum (D8). However, the D8 fragment amplified by the UBC147(1400) STS primers was larger than that from D2-2, and G. trilobum does not restore fertility to CMS-D2-2 lines. These STS markers will be useful in the development of restorer parental lines in cotton CMS breeding efforts.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico , Fertilidade/genética , Genes de Plantas/genética , Gossypium/genética , Pólen/fisiologia , Cromossomos de Plantas , Cruzamentos Genéticos , DNA de Plantas , Ligação Genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Sitios de Sequências RotuladasRESUMO
In recent years, it is believed by some scholars that the injury of myocardial ischemic reperfusion is correlated to the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) released by platelets. In order to explore that whether the myocardial and hemangio-endothelial cells participate in the TXA2 production during the process of reperfusion, the modified Langendorff method was used to establish the model of reperfusing the isolated rat heart. On the other hand, this experiment was also intended to observe the effect of ligustrazine on the injury of myocardial ischemic reperfusion. The results revealed that the level of thromboxane B2 (metabolite of TXA2) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in coronary sinus reflux fluid increased during the process of reperfusion, while the level of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the same fluid relatively decreased (P < 0.05). The ratio of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha was raised. The ligustrazine inhibited the release of TXB2 and LDH, but promoted the production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (P < 0.05). The results also proved that the myocardial and hemangio-endothelial cells could synthesize TXA2, and the amount of TXA2 released increased during the reperfusion of ischemic myocardium, which was likely to be the major factor of the injury of ischemic myocardial reperfusion. Ligustrazine plays an important role in protecting the myocardium.
Assuntos
Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/metabolismo , Pirazinas/farmacologia , 6-Cetoprostaglandina F1 alfa/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Técnicas In Vitro , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Tromboxano B2/metabolismoRESUMO
In order to investigate the objective index of the type of differentiation of symptoms and signs between chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, the levels of serum Tes, ALD, HCT, INS, GR, gastrin, T3, T4, TSH were tested in the chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of 27 cases of sthenia-syndrome and 61 cases of asthenia-syndrome. Meanwhile, 30 cases of healthy people were taken as the control. The results indicated that the levels of serum Tes, T3, T4, gastrin in the group of asthenia-syndrome (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05). The levels of serum T4 and gastrin were increased in the group of sthenia-syndrome than in the groups of asthenia-syndrome and control (P less than 0.01). The levels of serum ALT, HCT, INS, and GR were significantly different between the group of asthenia-syndrome and that of sthenia-syndrome. This suggests that clinic symptoms were concerned with the level of serum endocrine on chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, such as the function of genital, thyroid, adrenal gland and pancrease. The observation of the levels of serum Tes, T3, T4, ALT, INS, GR and gastrin may be an objective index to differentiate the chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.