Biologically synthesized green gold nanoparticles from Siberian ginseng induce growth-inhibitory effect on melanoma cells (B16).

Siberian ginseng, perennial herb belongs to Araliaceae family used in traditional medicines to treat hypertension, thrombus, inflammation and cancer. In the present study, we biosynthesized goldnanoparticles using Siberian ginseng aqeous extract in a cost effective manner. The synthesized Siberian ginseng gold nanoparticle (SG-GNPs) were characterized using UV-Vis spec, HR-TEM, XRD, FTIR, SAED analysis. UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis showed a surface Plasmon resonance peak at 538 nm which does not reduce till 30 days of incubation. The results of HR-TEM, XRD and SAED confirm the spherical shape, crystalline nature and the size of the synthesized gold nanoparticles. The FTIR results prove that the biological components present in the Siberian ginseng had reduced the gold ions to synthesis gold nanoparticles. After characterization, the efficacy of SG-GNPS against the melanoma, a deadliest skin carcinoma, was assessed in vitro using B16 murine melanoma cells. The CC50 dose of SG-GNPs against B16 cells were assessed with MTT assay and the anticancer activity was evaluated using Rhodamine 123, H2DCFDA and dual staining techniques. The induction of apoptosis by SG-GNPs against melanoma cells were confirmed with q-PCR analysis. The results of staining techniques prove that SG-GNPs increase the reactive oxygen species and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. It is further confirmed by the results of q-PCR analysis which shows increased apoptotic Bid, Bad, Casp3, Casp 9 genes and decreased antiapoptotic Bcl2 gene expression in SG-GNPs treated cells. Our results authentically prove the biosynthesized SG-GNPs induces apoptosis in melanoma cells and it possesses anticancer property.

[Alteration of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin levels in rats with obstructive jaundice and the effect of salviae miltiorrhizae on them].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the alteration of plasma levels of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) as well as changes of microcirculation in renal cortex of obstructive jaundice model rats, and to study the effect of Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae (SM) on them. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham operation group (A), the common bile duct ligation model group (B), and the SM treated model group (C). Their blood plasma TXA2/PGI2 ratio (T/P), blood levels of urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were determined respectively in batches (8 rats from each group) on the 3 rd, 7th and 10th day, their capillary caliber (CC) in renal cortex was measured at the same time points using WX-9 type microcirculation microscope. RESULTS: Compared with Group A, T/P was higher and CC was smaller in Group B at all the time points. Levels of BUN and Cr increased on day 7 and day 10 after modeling (P<0.05), and they were increasing markedly along with the elongation of the obstructive time (P<0.05). As compared with Group B, T/P was lower and CC was expanded in Group C, with levels of BUN and Cr lowered on day 10 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: T/P elevation and renal microcirculation obstacle are the important factors for inducing renal injury in obstructive jaundice, and SM shows a protective effect on kidney against the injury.