[Research progress on pathogenic mechanism of sepsis-induced liver injury and treatment with traditional Chinese medicine and its active components].

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, with high morbidity and mortality. Sepsis-induced liver injury(SILI) is one of the manifestations of sepsis-induced multiple organ syndrome. At present, there is no recommended pharmacological intervention for the treatment of SILI. traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), based on the holism and dialectical treatment concept, shows the therapeutic characteristics of multi-target and multi-pathway and can comprehensively prevent and treat SILI by interfering with inflammatory factors, inflammatory signaling pathways, and anti-oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis. This article reviewed the experimental studies on the treatment of SILI with TCM to clarify its pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic characteristics, so as to provide more ideas and directions for the development or preparation of new drugs.

[Characterization of microbial community in produced water from a petroleum reservoir subjected to alkali-surfactant-polymer ASP flooding]. / ä¸‰å ƒ(碱-表面活性剂-聚合物)复合驱油藏采出水微生物群落特征.

Injection of alkali, surfactant and polymer (ASP) into oil reservoir can substantially increase oil recovery compared with water-flooding strategy. However, the effects of these agents on the microbial diversity and community structure, which is important for water management and corrosion control in oil industry, are hitherto poorly understood. Here, we disclosed the microbial diversity and community structure in the produced water collected from four producing wells of an ASP-flooded oilfield at Daqing, China, using high-throughput sequencing technique. Results showed that the average pH in produced water was as high as 9.65. The microbial diversity varied from well to well, and the Shannon diversity index was between 2.00 to 3.56. The Proteobacteria (85.5%-98.3%), γ-proteobacteria (83.7%-97.8%), and alkaliphilic Nitrincola (51.8%-82.5%) were the most dominant phylogenetic taxa at the phylum, class, and genus levels, respectively. A total of 12 potentially sulfide-producing genera were detected, and the most abundant taxon was Sulfurospirillum (0.4%-7.4%). The microbial community of ASP-flooded petroleum reservoir was distinct, showing an alkaliphilic or alkalitolerant potential; a reduced diversity and more simple structure were observed compared with those of the water-flooded petroleum reservoirs that were previously reported.

Impact on L-carnitine Homeostasis of Short-term Treatment with the Pivalate Prodrug Tenofovir Dipivoxil.

Pivalate-generating prodrugs have been suggested to cause clinically significant hypocarnitinaemia. Tenofovir dipivoxil, a novel ester prodrug of tenofovir, can be used for treatment for hepatitis B and HIV infection and it was necessary to evaluate the effect of its treatment on carnitine homeostasis. We sought to investigate the effect of Class 1 drug tenofovir dipivoxil on endogenous L-carnitine level during a 72-hr test in healthy Chinese volunteers and to establish a suitable dose of L-carnitine nutritional supplement for patients who were administered short-term tenofovir dipivoxil tablets for treatment for hepatitis B and herpes simplex virus infection. Tenofovir dipivoxil was administered in one of eight dosing regimens (single dose 150, 300 and 600 mg, multiple dose 300, 450, and 600 mg, multiple dose 450 (600) mg tenofovir dipivoxil and 0.5 g L-carnitine) to gender-balanced groups of 84 healthy Chinese volunteers. Plasma concentrations of L-carnitine were quantified before, during and after treatment. Plasma L-carnitine concentrations fell during tenofovir dipivoxil dosing. The nadir in L-carnitine concentration was dependent on the dose of tenofovir dipivoxil and it decreased from 6.1 ± 0.6 to 4.4 ± 0.8 µg/ml, 6.1 ± 1.8 to 3.3 ± 1.2 µg/ml, 6.2 ± 0.6 to 2.5 ± 0.5 µg/ml for single doses of 150, 300, 600 mg tenofovir dipivoxil tablets and from 6.0 ± 1.4 to 2.1 ± 1.5 µg/ml, 6.2 ± 0.4 to 0.9 ± 0.5 µg/ml for multiple doses of 450, 600 mg tenofovir dipivoxil tablets, respectively. Short-term administration of tenofovir dipivoxil results in hypocarnitinaemia and increased losses of carnitine in resulting of minor adverse events of decreased food appetite, nausea, abdominal distention and muscle weakness.

Marinobacter gudaonensis sp. nov., isolated from an oil-polluted saline soil in a Chinese oilfield.

Two novel strains, SL014B61A(T) and SL014B11A, were isolated from an oil-polluted saline soil from Gudao in the coastal Shengli Oilfield, eastern China. Cells of strains SL014B61A(T) and SL014B11A were motile, Gram-negative and rod-shaped. Growth occurred at NaCl concentrations of between 0 and 15 % and at temperatures of between 10 and 45 degrees C. Strain SL014B61A(T) had Q9 as the major respiratory quinone and C16 : 0 (21.2 %), C18 : 1omega9c (20.3 %), C16 : 1omega7c (7.3 %) and C16 : 1omega9c (6.4 %) as predominant fatty acids. The G+C content of the DNA was 57.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SL014B61A(T) belonged to the genus Marinobacter in the class Gammaproteobacteria. Strain SL014B61A(T) showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Marinobacter bryozoorum (97.9 %) and showed 97.8 % sequence similarity to Marinobacter lipolyticus. DNA-DNA relatedness to the reference strains Marinobacter bryozoorum and Marinobacter lipolyticus was 35.5 % and 33.8 %, respectively. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that strains SL014B61A(T) and SL014B11A represent a novel species, Marinobacter gudaonensis sp. nov. The type strain is strain SL014B61A(T) (=DSM 18066(T)=LMG 23509(T)=CGMCC 1.6294(T)).