Novel indocyanine green-loaded photothermal nanoparticles targeting TRPV1 for thermal ablation treatment of severe murine asthma induced by ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide.

To identify a replacement strategy for bronchial thermoplasty (BT) with non-invasive and free-of-severe side effect is urgently needed in the clinic for severe asthma treatment. In this study, PLGA-PEG@ICG@TRPV1 pAb (PIT) photothermal nanoparticles targeting bronchial TRPV1 were designed for photothermal therapy (PTT) against severe murine asthma induced by ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide. PIT was formulated with a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-grafted poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) coating as a skeleton structure to encapsulate indocyanine green (ICG) and was conjugated to the polyclonal antibody against transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1 pAb). The results revealed that PIT held good druggability due to its electronegativity and small diameter. PIT demonstrated great photothermal effects both in vivo and in vitro and exhibited good ability to target TRPV1 in vitro because of its selective cell uptake and specific cell toxicity toward TRPV1-overexpressing cells. The PIT treatment effectively reduced asthma symptoms in mice. This is evident from improvements in expiratory airflow limitation, significant decreases in inflammatory cell infiltration in the airways, and increases in goblet cell and columnar epithelial cell proliferation. In conclusion, PIT alleviates severe murine asthma symptoms through a combination of TRPV1 targeting and photothermal effects.

Incidence and clinical significance of abnormalities in potassium, sodium and calcium levels in elderly patients with hip fractures during the perioperative period.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the incidence and clinical significance of sodium, potassium and calcium electrolyte disturbances in elderly patients with hip fracture before an operation. METHODS: The clinical data of 220 patients with intertrochanteric fracture and 261 patients with femoral neck fracture from September 2013 to December 2016 in our hospital (≥60 years old) was reviewed. The sodium, potassium and calcium values, and the underlying diseases of patients were recorded after the first blood test. These patients were divided into two groups according to the fracture site: femoral neck fracture group and intertrochanteric fracture group. Then, the differences between these two groups were compared to analyze the proportion of electrolyte disturbances in elderly patients with hip fracture, and explore its clinical significance. RESULTS: Patients with intertrochanteric fractures were older than patients with femoral neck fracture. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of underlying diseases between these two groups. The incidence of hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypocalcemia was 10.0%, 32.9% and 1.4%, respectively, in the femoral neck fracture group, and 24.3%, 21.1% and 7.7%, respectively, in the intertrochanteric fracture group. The incidence of hypernatremia, hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia was 1.4%, 1.4% and 0.9%, respectively, in the femoral neck fracture group, and 1.1%, 0.7% and 0.8%, respectively, in the intertrochanteric fracture group. CONCLUSION: Patients with old hip fractures before an operation are prone to hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypocalcemia, and most of them have mild electrolyte disorders, which needs to be corrected in time. Furthermore, some patients urgently need urgent supplementation ofblood electrolytes for some diseases, the correction of electrolyte disorders, and the prevention of serious adverse consequences. KEY WORDS: Femoral neck fracture, Femoral intertrochanteric fracture, Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia.

An UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of two coumarins and two flavonoids in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of Wikstroemia indica extract.

In this study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for simultaneous determination of umbelliferone, apigenin, daphnoretin and genkwanin in total (free and conjugated) forms in rat plasma using psoralen as internal standard. Plasma samples were protein precipitated with acetonitrile followed by liquid-liquid extracted with ethyl acetate. Four ingredients were separated on an Acquity UPLC(®) BEH C18 column using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile, and detected by positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). The method was linear for all analytes over investigated ranges with all correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The validated lower limit of quantification was 3ng/mL for umbelliferone, 3ng/mL for apigenin, 12ng/mL for daphnoretin and 2ng/mL for genkwanin, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD%) were less than 15% and accuracy (RE%) ranged from -1.1% to 15%. The mean absolute extraction recoveries of analytes and IS from rat plasma were all more than 75%. The validated method was firstly and successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of four chemical ingredients after oral administration of Wikstroemia indica extract (WIE) to rats.

[Effects of different transfusion on intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume in posterior lumbar spinal surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of autotransfusion on intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume in posterior lumbar spinal surgery. METHODS: From June 2010 to January 2012, a total of 183 patients with lumbar disease were enrolled. There were 74 males and 109 females with an average age of 56.6 (31-81) years. There were lumbar disc herniation (n = 80), lumbar stenosis (n = 69), lumbar spondylolisthesis (n = 32) and discogenic pain (n = 2). And one-level (n = 83) and two-level (n = 100) operations were performed. The treatments were non-transfusion (n = 34), auto-blood (n = 109) and allogeneic blood (n = 20) and both (n = 20).Operative duration, operative level, intraoperative autologous blood transfusion, intraoperative allogeneic blood transfusion, intraoperative blood loss, immediate drainage volume, duration of drainage tube and final drainage volume were recorded. RESULTS: The mean intraoperative blood loss was (369.4 ± 284.0) ml and (568.8 ± 398.7) ml for two-level operation, there were significant differences between them(t = 3.94, P < 0.001). The final drainage volume was (186.3 ± 135.6) ml for one-level patients and (301.4 ± 286.8) ml for two-level patients, there were significant differences between them (t = 3.56, P < 0.05). The total intraoperative blood loss was (478.3 ± 364.3) ml and total final drainage volume was (249.2 ± 237.4) ml, there were significant differences between them(P < 0.001). There were significant differences in blood loss between autologous blood transfusion for non-transfusion groups (P < 0.001) .However, there was no difference for immediate drainage and final drainage comparing with other blood transfusion methods (P > 0.05) . CONCLUSION: Using autologous blood transfusion alone during operation has significant difference for inoperative blood loss compared with non-transfusion. Yet there is no effect on immediate or final drainage volume.