RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignancy with a hidden onset, high metastasis recurrence rate, and poor prognosis. Research on effective drugs for ICC is important for improving the prognosis of patients in the clinic. Brusatol is a quassinoid extracted from the seeds of Brucea sumatrana and has been shown to have the potential to inhibit tumor metastasis and proliferation. There has been no scientific research on the therapeutic effect of brusatol on ICC. Our study offers a novel strategy for the therapy of ICC. PURPOSE: Explore effects of brusatol treatment on ICC and clarify the possible mechanism. STUDY DESIGN: Various cell functional experiments and basic experimental techniques were applied to ICC cell lines to explore the influences of brusatol on ICC cells; this conclusion was further verified in animal models. METHODS: The anti-cancer effects of the drug on the cell, protein, and RNA level were verified by cell functional experiments, WB blotting and transcriptome sequencing experiments, respectively. Finally, the experimental results were verified using subcutaneous tumor experiments in nude mice. RESULTS: The consequences exhibited that the levels of epithelial markers of ICC cells increased after brusatol treatment, and the levels of interstitial indicators decreased, suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Brusatol inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed the migration and invasion abilities of Hucc-T1 and RBE oncocytes via activating PI3K/Akt pathway. It also suppressed the growth of Hucc-T1 xenografts in nude mice. CONCLUSION: Brusatol inhibits the proliferation and EMT process in ICC oncocytes by the PI3K/Akt pathway and promotes apoptosis in oncocytes.
Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares , Colangiocarcinoma , Quassinas , Animais , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/metabolismo , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/metabolismo , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Colangiocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Colangiocarcinoma/metabolismo , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Quassinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Understanding the occurrence, development, and treatment of liver diseases is the main goal of hepatopathology research. Liver diseases are not only diverse but also highly heterogeneous among individuals. At present, research on liver diseases is conducted mainly through cell culture, animal models, pathological specimens, etc. However, these methods cannot fully reveal the pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic characteristics of individualized liver diseases. Recent advances in three-dimensional cell culture technology (organoid culture techniques) include pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells that are cultured in vitro to form self-organizing properties, making it possible to achieve individualized liver disease research. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development of liver organoids, the existing and potential applications of liver regenerative medicine, the pathogenesis of liver disease heterogeneity, and drug screening.