RESUMO
The Plasmodium proteasome represents a potential antimalarial drug target for compounds with activity against multiple life cycle stages. We screened a library of human proteasome inhibitors (peptidyl boronic acids) and compared activities against purified P. falciparum and human 20S proteasomes. We chose four hits that potently inhibit parasite growth and show a range of selectivities for inhibition of the growth of P. falciparum compared with human cell lines. P. falciparum was selected for resistance in vitro to the clinically used proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, and whole genome sequencing was applied to identify mutations in the proteasome ß5 subunit. Active site profiling revealed inhibitor features that enable retention of potent activity against the bortezomib-resistant line. Substrate profiling reveals P. falciparum 20S proteasome active site preferences that will inform attempts to design more selective inhibitors. This work provides a starting point for the identification of antimalarial drug leads that selectively target the P. falciparum proteasome.
Assuntos
Ácidos Borônicos/química , Ácidos Borônicos/farmacologia , Desenho de Fármacos , Plasmodium falciparum/enzimologia , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteassoma/química , Inibidores de Proteassoma/farmacologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Domínio Catalítico , Linhagem Celular , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Resistência a Medicamentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/químicaRESUMO
The tedious sample preparation for flow cytometry limits the throughput and thus its usage as a primary screening method despite its sensitivity and accuracy. With the growing focus on utilizing antibodies as a therapeutic modality in drug discovery, it is critical to develop a high-throughput flow cytometry (HTFC) workflow to cope with the increasing need to support antibody discovery programs. We have developed a seamless HTFC sample preparation and readout workflow using the HighRes modular robotic system and the IntelliCyt iQue Screener PLUS. To fully utilize the advantages offered by flow cytometry, we typically multiplex multiple cell lines of interest in one well to simultaneously quantitate on-target activity and nonspecific activity along with measurement of antibody concentration. The ability to measure multiple parameters coupled with speed and increased accuracy provides gains in productivity and helps speed up antibody lead discovery.