Network pharmacology prediction and molecular docking-based strategy to discover the potential pharmacological mechanism of action of Wang Bu Liu Xing (Semen vaccariae) for colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Wang Bu Liu Xing [Semen vaccariae (SV)] is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) ingredient with anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor effects. However, little research has been done on the ingredients found in SV or the putative process by which SV fights CRC, and this paper aims to reveal the components of SV that are effective in treating CRC. Methods: The open database and online platform were used in this study, Symptom Mapping (SymMap) and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) for SV ingredient and targets, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of CRC, Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) for Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, STRING-Cytoscape for protein-protein interaction (PPI), AutoDockTools for Molecular docking and others. were conducted to determine how SV affects CRC and what are the most important components, potential targets, and signaling pathways. Results: The findings of the network pharmacology study indicated that swerchirin and CDK2 potential target gene for SV was connected to anti-CRC actions. SV may inhibit CRC by interacting with crucial targets like BCL2L1, CDK2, and SERPINE1. Additionally, KEGG analysis revealed that the p53 signaling pathway may be a driver of the anti-CRC impact of SV. Molecular docking showed that swerchirin can bind with its target protein in a good bond by intermolecular force. Conclusions: In this study, the pharmacological effects of SV were examined, along with its potential therapeutic impact on CRC. These effects of SV appear to be mediated via a variety of substances, targets, and pathways. SV exerts pharmacological effects in CRC, p53 signaling pathway is great value. The main molecular docking is CDK2 and swerchirin. Moreover, our research offers a promising method for characterizing therapeutic pathways and identifying molecules in TCM.

Chemically Sulfated Polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murill: Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-HIV Activity.

AIDS, caused by HIV-1, is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new drugs with more potent bioactivities, less toxicity and higher tolerability for controlling the viral load, particularly by using the raw materials that are widely available. Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), known in China as jisongrong, is of great importance as a food source and as a health-promoting supplement for immunomodulation. The polysaccharides of AbM exhibit various biological activities, such as regulating cellular immunity and providing anti-oxidative, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory effects. At present, to our knowledge, no report has explored the chemically sulfated and anti-HIV-1 activity of AbM polysaccharides. Herein, the sulfated AbM polysaccharides with different sulfur contents were prepared by the chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. The characteristics of sulfated derivatives were established by the determination of the sulfur content, the relative molecular weight, and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The anti-HIV activities of the sulfated AbM polysaccharides were evaluated by CCK-8 and the single-cycle pseudovirus infection (TZM-bl) assay. The sulfated AbM polysaccharides had strong antiviral properties, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations approached that of the positive control, azidothymidine. Sulfated modification of AbM polysaccharides can increase their anti-HIV pharmacological activity, which makes them promising alternative candidates as bioactive macromolecules for biomedical applications in HIV/AIDS.

Seasonal iron­sulfur interactions and the stimulated phosphorus mobilization in freshwater lake sediments.

Sulfur reduction in freshwater ecosystems has previously been considered as negligible because of often very low sulfate concentrations and generally low sulfate reducing capacity in freshwater sediments. In this study, seasonal variations on three types of sediments from central lake, dredged and algae accumulated areas in a eutrophic lake in China, Lake Taihu, were investigated. The high temperature in summer and the accumulation of algae are conducive to the reduction processes in freshwater lake sediments. Iron reduction was observed as the major anaerobic process in all types of sediments, while sulfate reduction was weak in central and dredged lake areas. However, strong sulfate reduction with increase of sulfate reducing bacteria and sulfides generation (119.5 ± 0.2 µmol L-1) was found in surface sediments in algae accumulated areas. Based on the results of Fe reduction rate and the quantity of Fe reducing bacteria, extensive sulfate reduction in algae accumulated sediments inhibited the microbial Fe reduction, and the ΣS2--mediated chemical Fe reduction (SCIR) dominated instead. Iron was principally stored in the sediments as Fe sulfide compounds, which weakened the rebinding of phosphorus and stimulated phosphorus mobilization. Therefore, attention should be paid to the alteration of Fe cycling and phosphorus mobility caused by the SCIR in algae accumulated sediments and the consequent effects on the eutrophication of freshwater lakes.

Dynamic sulfur-iron cycle promoted phosphorus mobilization in sediments driven by the algae decomposition.

Direct evidence of the algae bloom in eutrophic freshwater lakes on sulfur cycle and the subsequent iron oxide reduction and the iron oxides-bound phosphate (Fe-P) release in sediments is lacking. In this study, microcosms experiment was carried out to investigate the dynamic variations of S, Fe and P species in the water column and sediments as well as the sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) abundance variation in the sediments during algae decomposition. The sulfate reduction was stimulated by the algae decomposition, which resulted in dramatic sulfate decline, sulfide increase and SRB growth. In addition, large amounts of acid volatile sulfide (AVS), pyrite sulfur (Pyrite-S) and elemental sulfur (S0) accumulated in the sediment. In particular, the contents of sedimentary Fe(II) and Pyrite-S in surface sediments continuously accumulated until the end of the experiment. Moreover, the terminal Fe-P content reduced by 35.4% compared with the initial concentration at high algae density group. These results suggested the irreversible reduction of iron oxides and revealed iron chemical reduction mediated by sulfide during algae decomposition. In addition, the connection of sulfur-iron cycle and the significant promotion of Fe-P mobilization in sediments was established, which should be paid more attention in the eutrophic freshwater ecosystems.

Phytoremediation of soil heavy metals (Cd and Zn) by castor seedlings: Tolerance, accumulation and subcellular distribution.

Cd and Zn pollution was observed to often occur simultaneously in soils. However, previous studies focused on single heavy metal instead of Cd and Zn combined pollution. Castor (Ricinus communis) is considered to have great potential for contaminated soil remediation. The resistance of castor seedlings to heavy metals and the mechanism behind it remain unknown. In this study, the tolerance and accumulation ability of castor seedlings to Cd and Zn were investigated, and the accumulation mechanism involving the subcellular distribution in different tissues was further explored. The results on biomass and chlorophyll revealed that castor seedlings have good tolerance to the pollution with 0-5 mg/kg Cd and 380 mg/kg Zn, while not to the heavy pollution with 25 mg/kg Cd and 380 mg/kg Zn. The maximum accumulation concentrations of Cd and Zn, 175.3 mg Cd/kg and 386.8 mg/kg Zn, appeared in castor seedling root instead of stem and leaf, indicating that root played a significant part in accumulating Zn and Cd. The relative low dosage of Cd (0-5 mg/kg) promoted the accumulation of Zn in the subcellular component, while high dosage (25 mg/kg) inhibited the accumulation of Zn. In subcellular accumulation and distribution of castor seedlings, Cd (27.1%-69.4%) and Zn (39.6%-66.6%) in the cell wall was the highest. With the increase of Cd addition, the accumulation of Cd increased in cell wall while decreased in organelle and soluble fraction. Hydroxyl, amino, amides and carboxyl functional groups on cell wall might provided the main binding sites for Cd and Zn.

Icariin-induced miR-875-5p attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting hedgehog signaling in liver fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Hepatic fibrosis is the final endpoint for most chronic liver diseases and remains a significant public health problem worldwide. Icariin, a naturally occurring flavonol glucoside, has been reported to exhibit protective effects on liver injury and alleviate liver fibrosis. However, the underlying detail molecular mechanism is not fully revealed. METHODS: Mouse primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCL4 )-induced liver fibrosis model in mice were used as in vitro and in vivo models in this study. The expression levels of miR-875-5p were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. The validation of the direct target of miR-875-5p was through dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blotting assay. The cell proliferation and cell mobility were determined using MTT assay and Transwell migration assay, respectively. RESULTS: We found that icariin inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition and collagen protein section of HSCs. Icariin exerted hepatoprotective effects on mice model of CCL4 -induced liver fibrosis. Our further results revealed that miR-875-5p was downregulated in human cirrhosis tissues and activated murine HSCs. Icariin induced miR-875-5p upregulation and subsequently decreased glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) expression through direct binding to the three prime untranslated region of GLI1 mRNA. CONCLUSION: Our study highlighted the potential therapeutic application of icariin for liver fibrosis management.

[Correlation between blood oxygen level dependent fMRI signal and GABA content in anterior cingulate cortex after acupuncture of Hegu (LI4)].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) signal and neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration in the prefrontal cortex area after acupuncture or Von Frey filament stimulation (epidermal stimulation) at the right Hegu (LI4). METHODS: A total of 76 healthy volunteers (23 men and 53 women, 24.5±1.4 years in age) were recruited in the pre-sent study. Each volunteer received two sessions of fMRI magnetic resonance scanning (MRS) examinations, with an interval of one week between two sessions. The MRI scan sequences included pre-task MRS, resting state BOLD and task MRS, BOLD. A region of Interest (ROI) of 35 mm×30 mm×25 mm was located at the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex areas. In the two sessions of examinations, the right LI4 point was stimulated by manual acupuncture or Von Frey filament-pressing. The tasks were designed as the block design. Each block contained 3 intermittent acupoint stimulations, lasting 30 s in each stimulation and with two minutes' pause between two stimulations. The MRS data were processed by using Linear Combination (LC) Model software (for assessing GABA content), and the BOLD data of fMRI was analyzed by using SPM12 software (comparison within each group), REST1.8 (comparison between two groups), separately. RESULTS: Extensive deactivations were induced by both stimulations, mainly involving the midline regions as the medial prefrontal lobe, and limbic lobe. The deactivation effect of manual acupuncture stimulation was more extensive and intensive than that of Von Frey filament stimulation, especially in the medial prefrontal lobe. Data from 66 volunteers (after exclusion of 10 participants due to bigger standard deviation of GABA/Glx) showed no marked correlation between the GABA concentration and BOLD activation in the anterior cingulate cortex area in both groups(manual acupuncture stimulation group: r=－0.07, －0.08, 0.04; P=0.57, 0.88, 0.74; Von Frey filament epidermal stimulation group: r=－0.10, －0.09, －0.01; P=0.43, 0.46, 0.96). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture of LI4 elicits a stronger and broader negative activation effect in the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network including the medial prefrontal cortex in comparison with Von Frey filament stimulation, but no apparent correlation was found between the GABA concentration and BOLD activation in the anterior cingulate cortex after manual acupuncture and Von Frey stimulation.

Sulfur cycling in freshwater sediments: A cryptic driving force of iron deposition and phosphorus mobilization.

Sulfur cycling in freshwater ecosystems has been previously considered minor, and the direct evidence of its impacts on iron and phosphorus cycles in freshwater sediments remains unclear. In this study, mesocosms with amended acetate and various sulfate concentrations (1.5-3.0 mmol L-1) were set up to investigate sulfur cycling and its influences on iron-rich freshwater sediments. Acetate addition induced hypoxia and provided substrates, which stimulated the sulfur cycling with evidence of SO42- decline, ΣS2-, S0 increase and corresponding variations of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Meanwhile, the growth of iron-reducing bacteria (IRB) was suppressed, and lower Fe(II) release was correspondingly related to larger SRB abundance at higher sulfate level, indicating that microbial iron reduction might be blocked by SRB activities. However, continuous dissolution of Fe(III) oxides and generation of iron sulfides were observed, suggesting that sulfide-mediated chemical iron reduction (SCIR) became the dominant iron-reducing pathway, and Fe(II) was buried as iron sulfides instead of released to water column, which resulted in a transition of iron cycling into unidirectional SCIR. Consequently, continuous dissolution of Fe(III) oxides led to significant increase of PO43- concentration in the water column and sediment pore-water, revealing the phosphorus mobility in sediments derived from the SCIR process. To note, sustained accumulation of iron sulfides was observed even without ΣS2- presence, suggesting that ΣS2- precipitation occurred prior to diffusion. Thus, ΣS2--missing sulfur cycling seemed "cryptic" in this study. To highlight, the transition of the iron-reducing pathway and resulting PO43- release can be induced even under current sulfate level of Lake Taihu, and elevated sulfate levels could significantly intensify SCIR and phosphorus mineralization. Thus, the stimulated iron deposition and the resulting phosphorus release derived from the sulfur cycling should be paid more attention to in the treatment of eutrophic freshwater ecosystems.

High sulfide production induced by algae decomposition and its potential stimulation to phosphorus mobility in sediment.

This study is devoted to addressing the effects of algae blooms on sulfur cycle and the consequent phosphorus mobility in the sediments of freshwater lake ecosystems. A mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate these effects through monitoring the dynamics of sulfur (S), iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) in water and sediments, and their diffusion fluxes at the sediment-water interface (SWI). In addition, the abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the water column was also detected. The addition of the algae lead to an increase of SRB, a drastic decline of sulfate and a significant increase of total dissolved sulfide (ΣS2-, the peak value of near 3.0 mmol/L on day 6) in the water column. These results suggest the sulfate reduction was dramatically promoted during algae decomposition. Indeed the ΣS2- was 2 to 3 times of SO42- initial concentration, and higher ΣS2- was produced with higher algal biomass. Moreover, the diffusive flux of ΣS2- at the SWI was negative, indicating that diffusion of ΣS2- from water column toward sediment was occurring. These results indicated that algae decomposition might also be another important source of ΣS2- (termed "algae-derived ΣS2-") in addition to sulfate reduction. The increase of Fe(II) in surface sediment pore-water was slightly delayed compared to the ΣS2- generation in the water column, which illustrated that Fe oxyhydroxides in sediments were transformed into Fe(II) through chemical reduction of ΣS2-. Concomitantly, the vertical distribution of PO43- in high amounts algae group suggested that desorption and release of iron oxides-bound PO43- occurred in sediments. Collectively, algae bloom can boost the lake eutrophication not only through direct release of nutrients but also through the high production of ΣS2-and indirect promotion of phosphorus mobility in sediment.

A distinct biomarker of continuous transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation treatment in major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Major depression is the fourth leading cause of disability worldwide and poses a socioeconomic burden worldwide. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a promising noninvasive clinical device that may reduce the severity of major depression. However, the neural mechanism underlying continuous tVNS has not yet been elucidated. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the effect of hypothalamic subregion functional connectivity (FC) changes during continuous tVNS treatment on major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and to identify the potential biomarkers for treatment outcomes. METHODS: Forty-one mild to moderate MDD patients were recruited and received either real or sham tVNS treatment for 4 weeks. We used a seed-to-whole brain approach to estimate the FC changes of hypothalamic subregions and their surrounding control areas during continuous tVNS treatment and explored their association with clinical outcome changes after 4 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Of the thirty-six patients that completed the study, those in the tVNS group had significantly lower scores on the 24-item Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) Rating Scale compared to the sham tVNS group after 4 weeks of treatment. The FC between the bilateral medial hypothalamus (MH) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) was significantly decreased during tVNS but not during sham tVNS. The strength of this FC was significantly correlated with HAM-D improvements after 4 weeks of tVNS. CONCLUSION: The FC between the bilateral MH and rACC may serve as a potential biomarker for the tVNS state and predict treatment responses. Our results provide insights into the neural modulation mechanisms of continuous tVNS and reveal a potential therapeutic target for MDD patients.

Weaker cognitive control abilities of Pi (Spleen) qi-deficient individuals supported Chinese medicine diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Pi (Spleen) qi-deficiency affected psychological and neural responses in relevance to cognitive control. METHODS: Pi qi-deficient and balanced participants were asked to perform the Stroop task, a classical cognitive control paradigm. In this paradigm, participants had to judge the color of the prompted word. The word's meaning indicated the color (the consistent condition) or not (the inconsistent condition), or were unrelated to the color (the neutral condition). Electroencephalograph (EEG) was recorded during the task. RESULTS: Event-related potential (ERP) results showed that Pi qi-deficient individuals failed to exhibit a normal Stroop effect as Balanced individuals did, such as the accuracy differences between the consistent and the inconsistent conditions as well as the N450 effect (P>0.05). Meanwhile, Pi qi-deficient individuals displayed larger P2 and P3 amplitudes than balanced individuals did during performing the cognitive control task (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Pi qi-deficiency had psychological and neural basis at least in cognitive control aspect.

[Design and implementation of Chinese materia medica resources survey results display system].

From the beginning of the fourth national census of traditional Chinese medicine resources in 2011, a large amount of data have been collected and compiled, including wild medicinal plant resource data, cultivation of medicinal plant information, traditional knowledge, and specimen information. The traditional paper-based recording method is inconvenient for query and application. The B/S architecture, JavaWeb framework and SOA are used to design and develop the fourth national census results display platform. Through the data integration and sorting, the users are to provide with integrated data services and data query display solutions. The platform realizes the fine data classification, and has the simple data retrieval and the university statistical analysis function. The platform uses Echarts components, Geo Server, Open Layers and other technologies to provide a variety of data display forms such as charts, maps and other visualization forms, intuitive reflects the number, distribution and type of Chinese material medica resources. It meets the data mapping requirements of different levels of users, and provides support for management decision-making.

Common variants in TGFBR2 and miR-518 genes are associated with hypertension in the Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: An animal study reported that TGF-ß1 maturation was linked to the homeostasis of blood pressure and elastogenesis of essential hypertension (EH). Recent advances require further research of TGF-ß1 receptor in EH. METHODS: A case-control study comprised of 2,012 adult hypertension case patients and 2,210 adult control subjects was conducted, and the association with blood pressure was further tested in children. Logistic regression and calculated genetic risk score were used to evaluate the effects of one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and multiple SNPs on EH, respectively. RESULTS: The genetic risk score of 10 SNPs showed a significant association with hypertension; the odds ratio of the upper quartile vs. the lower quartile was 1.282 (P = 4.67 × 10(-3)). rs7256241 in miR-518 was significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) change in control subjects (P = 0.002), and this association was also observed in children (P = 0.04). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and DBP of female patients taking reserpine were higher with the C and G alleles of rs3773661 (P = 0.004) and rs7256241 (P = 0.002), respectively. In patients taking Zhen Ju Jiang Ya tablets, SBP and DBP decreased linearly with rs749794 (P = 0.004 and P = 0.048, respectively). SBP decreased linearly with rs1155705 (P = 0.007) and rs11709624 (P = 0.04), but increased with rs1036096 (P = 0.03) in male patients. In male patients taking Jiang Ya tablets, SBP increased linearly with rs11709624 (P = 0.007), DBP increased linearly with rs1155705 (P = 0.03) whereas decreased with rs7256241 (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that TGFBR2 and miR-518 harbor variants that increase the risk of EH and affect blood pressure homeostasis as well as efficacy of antihypertensive agents.

[Resistance and struggle for survival of traditional Chinese medicine in the period of puppet Manchurian period].

During the Puppet Manchurian period, the northeast region of China was occupied and annexed and the title of TCM was changed to "han medicine", only with a total of 25 000 professional medical practitioners then. The puppet government did not admit the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine, and was once placed at the verge of being abolished. They strove for the academic development of TCM, the rights and interests of Chinese medicine which never came to an end. The Puppet government later stipulated the Chinese Medical Act and other laws, set up puppet central academic Han medical society, implemented a Chinese medical examination system so as to manage, reform, and utilize traditional Chinese medicine. The Puppet Manchurian period saw a deformed way of development in TCM.

[Raman spectroscopic study on effect of danshen injection on human erythrocyte membranes and its mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: Danshen, as a traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, is widely applied in improving human erythrocyte deformability in clinics. But its direct effect on erythrocyte membranes is still unclear. METHOD: In this essay, the confocal Raman technique was adopted to measure the changes in Raman spectra of human erythrocytes before and after the administration of Danshen injection. RESULT: The results showed slight changes in group conformations corresponding to erythrocyte membranes after the administration of danshen injection. Specifically, 1064, 1126 cm(-1) spectral lines attributed to phospholipid molecule acyl C-C skeleton anti-conformation were obviously weakened, whereas 1091 cm(-1) spectral line attributed to phospholipid molecule acyl C-C skeleton guache conformation notably intensified. Besides, the longitudinal order-parameter in chains (Strans) of phospholipids was reduced significantly. CONCLUSION: Danshen injection can transfer erythrocyte membrane phospholipid molecule acyl C-C skeleton anti-conformation to guache conformation, indicating the increase in liquidity of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids and erythrocytes. Danshen injection's effect in improving erythrocyte membrane structure and function may be the intrinsic mechanism for its pharmacological effect as a traditional Chinese medicine.

Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and represents antiarthritis effect in experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: recent studies have demonstrated that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) proliferate as fiercely as tumor cells. Induction of apoptosis in RA FLS therefore provides a new approach for the inhibition of joint destruction. Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) was reported to be an effective apoptosis inducer in a variety of cell types. We investigated the possible effect of As(2)O(3) on apoptosis induction of RA FLS and the mechanisms involved in this process. METHODS: apoptosis was determined by flow cytometric analysis, terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling, and transmission electron microscopy. The activity and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was then detected by ELISA and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were evaluated using luminogenic substrates. The effect of As(2)O(3) on the morphology of rats with collagen-induced arthritis was evaluated under a light microscope after H&E staining. RESULTS: as(2)O(3) significantly enhanced the apoptosis of RA FLS. It suppressed the DNA-binding activity and mRNA expression level of NF-κB, probably by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α-induced activation of NF-κB. As(2)O(3) treatment significantly increased the activity of both caspase-3 and caspase-8. Morphological analysis revealed histological recovery in the synovial membrane. Synovial hyperplasia and inflammation in the joints were effectively inhibited. CONCLUSION: as(2)O(3) represents an apoptotic effect on RA FLS through NF-κB signaling pathway, and this process is mediated by the activation of caspase cascade. Treatment with As(2)O(3) significantly improved the pathologic changes of collagen-induced arthritis and may have potential for treatment of RA.

[Chemical constituents in Buddleja albiflora].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Buddleja albiflora. METHOD: The constituents were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. RESULT: Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as luteolin (1), quercetin (2), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), apigenin (4), apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), apigenin-7-O-neohesperidoside (6), acacetin-7-O-beta-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), cranioside A (8), acetylmartynoside B (9), 4"-O-acetylmartynoside (10), isomartynoside (11). CONCLUSION: All these compounds were obtained from B. albiflora for the first time and compound 8 was obtained from the genus Buddleja for the first time.

[Epidemic survey on TCM syndrome typing and preliminary discussion on TCM etiology and pathogenesis of fatty liver].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the common TCM syndrome types of fatty liver by way of epidemic questionnaire, their occurrence ratio, and the correlation between various syndrome types and objective indexes. METHODS: A total of national wide 503 subjects with fatty liver were enrolled, the TCM syndromes, body mass index (BMI), abdominal perimeter/hip circumference, liver function, blood lipids, B ultrasonic examination and CT in them were observed and recorded. RESULTS: In the 46 symptoms investigated in total, the first ten symptoms in order of appearing rate were lassitude, obese, oral dryness, vertigo, hypochondriac distending pain, soreness and pain in loin, spiritlessness, oral bitterness, aching and weakness in knee and abdominal distention. The mostly appeared tongue figures were pale and corpulent or pale dim tongue proper, white greasy or yellow greasy tongue coating, and the mostly appeared pulse figures were taut, taut-thin and taut slippery. Statistical cluster analysis showed that syndromes of fatty liver could be typed into 4 TCM types, the asthenia Pi-Shen with Gan-stagnation type, the asthenia Pi-Shen type, the asthenia Pi with phlegm-heat type and the unclassified type. Among them the asthenia Pi-Shen with Gan-stagnation type was the commonest one, which accounted to 62.32%. CONCLUSION: The mostly appeared syndrome type of fatty liver was asthenia Pi-Shen with Gan-stagnation type. The TCM pathogenesis of fatty liver was deficiency of origin, mainly deficiency of Shen, involving Pi, with excess superficiality, the turbid-phlegm and blood stasis.

[Expression of HSP70 and P53 in malignant tumor tissues and its relationship to heat syndrome of TCM].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of HSP70 and P53 in malignant tumor tissues of patients with TCM Heat-Syndrome (HS) or with non-Heat-Syndrome (NHS). METHODS: S-P immunohistochemical method was used to detect the gene expression, and ELISA and RT-PCR were adopted to determine the content of HSP70 and P53 mRNA expression in different malignant tumor tissues. RESULTS: (1) Positive ratio of HSP70 and P53 in the colorectal cancer of HS was significantly higher than that in colorectal cancer of NHS respectively, and the total positive ratio of the two genes in all tumors of HS was higher than those of NHS (P<0.05); (2) HSP70 expression content in colorectal, nasopharyngeal and lung cancers of HS was higher than in those of NHS respectively, and the total HSP70 expression content in tumors of HS was higher than in those of NHS (P<0.01); (3) HSP70 mRNA expression content in colorectal and lung cancers of HS was higher than in those of NHS respectively, and the total HSP70 mRNA expression content in tumors of HS was higher than in those of NHS (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: HSP70 and P53 positive ratio and HSP70 expression content in patients of malignant tumor with HS was higher than in those with NHS.