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1.
Animals (Basel) ; 13(24)2023 Dec 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38136867

RESUMO

Selenium (Se) yeast, a bioavailable form of selenium, exhibits enhanced bioavailability due to its unique organic matrix and superior metabolic availability compared to the inorganic selenium sources. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Se yeast on the growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity, and Se deposition in broiler chickens. A total of 264 1-day-old male AA broilers (38.7 ± 0.1 g) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, with six replicates of 11 chickens per replicate. The broilers were fed a basal diet or a diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg Se yeast. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Although the results showed that Se yeast did not significantly improve the growth performance of broilers, it did significantly decrease the abdominal fat ratio. Additionally, supplementation of Se yeast significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of broilers. The quadratic regression models were used to simulate the relationship between Se content in the feed and Se deposition in broiler tissues. The regression equations were as follows: pectoral muscle, Y = 2.628X - 0.340X2 - 0.592 (R2 = 0.927); leg muscle, Y = 2.317X - 0.272X2 - 0.490 (R2 = 0.937); liver, Y = 3.357X - 0.453X2 - 0.493 (R2 = 0.961); kidney, Y = 4.084X - 0.649X2 + 0.792 (R2 = 0.932). Based on these findings, the Se deposition in broiler tissues can be predicted by the Se content of the additive, which is of great significance for the precise production of Se-enriched functional chicken products.

2.
Front Vet Sci ; 10: 1132189, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37256002

RESUMO

This study aimed to determine the ideal balance profile of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn for broilers of 1-21 days of age via a uniform experimental design. In Experiment 1, 900 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allotted to 15 dietary treatments with six replicates of 10 birds. A total of 14 experimental diets were formulated with the supplementation of 8~16, 123~160, 40~80, and 60~120 mg/kg of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn, respectively, in the basal diet, according to the uniform design method. The excretion of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn in the manure and the broiler performance were determined to build the ideal balance profile of these elements. Experiment 2 was conducted based on the ideal balance profile built in Experiment 1, to test its practicability using 720 broilers with two treatments. The dietary concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn in the control group were 15.19, 203.08, 76.78, and 86.13 mg/kg, respectively. In Experiment 1, the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn in the diets were 16.96, 166.66, 46.01, and 60.26 mg/kg, respectively, when the average daily gain reached the optimum value. When the dietary concentrations of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn were 8.54, 130.66, 38.19, and 64.07 mg/kg, respectively, the total excretion of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn got the minimum value. There are corresponding ideal balance profiles for minimum excretion of a certain element. In Experiment 2, the dietary levels of Fe, Zn, and Mn were decreased by 17.93%, 40.08%, and 30.04%, respectively, which had no significant effect on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed gain for 1~21 day-old broilers but markedly decreased the excretion of Cu and Mn and total excretion. It was concluded that there is a dilemma between growth performance and mineral excretion. Although dietary levels of Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn supporting optimal growth are higher than those for minimizing mineral excretion, supplementing too many trace elements in the diets of broilers is unnecessary.

3.
Poult Sci ; 101(11): 102126, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36099660

RESUMO

Bone health of broiler chickens is essential for welfare and production. In this study, the probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) CGMCC18230 was compared with antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) for its ability to promote growth and bone health. To address this, a total of 180 Arbor Acres (AA) 1-day-old, male, broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups, with 6 replicates, containing 10 chicks in each replicate. The treatment groups were: control group (CON) fed a corn-soybean based diet; BA treatment group fed the basal diet supplemented with 2.5 × 1010 CFU/kg BA CGMCC18230; AGPs treatment group was fed the basal diet containing the antibiotics aureomycin (75 mg/kg), flavomycin (5 mg/kg) and kitasamycin (20 mg/kg). Over the 42 d experiment, broilers fed BA and AGPs diets both had higher BW, and the ADG was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the CON group both in the grower phase (22-42 d) and overall. Moreover, with BA birds had higher (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of phosphorus (P, day 42) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, days 21 and 42). Conversely, the content of P in excreta decreased significantly (P < 0.05) on days 21 and 42. Tibia bone mineralization was improved in BA, and the mRNA of P transport related genes PiT-1,2 in the duodenum and jejunum were significantly up-regulated in the BA group than in the CON group (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that dietary BA supplementation increased the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (Ruminococcaceae) and polyamine-producing bacteria (Akkermansia and Alistipes), which had a positive effect on bone development. These data show that dietary supplementation of BA CGMCC18320 improves broiler growth performance and bone health similar to supplementation with AGPs through up-regulation of intestinal P transporters, microbial modulation and increase P retention. However, no significant influence of BA CGMCC18320 supplementation on the retention of Ca was found.


Assuntos
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , Bacillus , Microbiota , Animais , Masculino , Galinhas/fisiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Fósforo/metabolismo , RNA Ribossômico 16S/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Desenvolvimento Ósseo , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal
4.
Poult Sci ; 100(9): 101323, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34280647

RESUMO

We studied the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, barrier function, and immune response of broilers challenged with Escherichia coli O157 (E. Coli). A total of 360 1-day-old Cobb male broilers were tested in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with 3 dietary L. acidophilus levels (0, 5 × 108 CFU/kg, and 10 × 108 CFU/kg of diet) and 2 disease challenge treatments (control or E. coli challenged). Results showed that E. coli challenge decreased the ADG, ADFI, and BW of broilers from 15 to 21 d (P < 0.05), increased the jejunum intestinal wall thickness, and significantly increased the mortality rate. E. coli challenge significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the serum IgA and IgM contents and peripheral blood CD3+ T cell counts (P < 0.05), increased the serum CRP, DAO, and LPS levels at 21 d; upregulated the mRNA expression of iNOS, IL-8, IL-1ß in the jejunum and iNOS in the spleen, and downregulated the occludin and ZO-1 mRNA expression in the ileum at 21 d compared with uninfected birds (P < 0.05). Dietary L. acidophilus supplementation consistently showed higher BW, ADG, ADFI, and jejunum and ileum V:C ratio at 14 d and 21 d in the presence and absence of E. coli challenge (P < 0.05). L. acidophilus supplementation reduced the mortality rate caused by E. coli challenge (P < 0.05), decreased the serum CRP, DAO, and LPS levels at 14 d and 21 d; upregulated the mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 in the jejunum and ileum, and downregulated the mRNA expression of iNOS, IL-8, and IL-1ß in the jejunum in E. coli challenged birds at 21 d (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with L. acidophilus can improve the growth performance, intestinal health, and survival of broilers challenged with E. coli.


Assuntos
Escherichia coli O157 , Probióticos , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Galinhas , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais , Imunidade , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Masculino
5.
Poult Sci ; 99(12): 6549-6558, 2020 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33248570

RESUMO

The negative effects of dietary antibiotics have become a widespread concern. It is imperative to search for a new type of green, safe, and efficient feed additive that can replace antibiotics. This study was to investigate the effects of glucose oxidase (GOD) on growth performance, immune function, and intestinal barrier in ducks infected with Escherichia coli O88. First, we established the E. coli challenge model of ducks through a preliminary experiment and then carried out the formal experiment by using 144 1-day-old male lean Peking ducklings (50 ± 2.75 g). All ducks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatment groups of basal diet (control), 30 mg/kg virginiamycin (antibiotic), and 200 U/kg GOD (1,000 U/g). Each group consisted of 6 replications with 8 birds per replicate. At day 7, all ducks were orally administered 0.2 mL E coli O88 (3 × 109 cfu/mL) twice, 8 h apart based on the preliminary experiment. The experiment lasted for 28 d. Dietary supplementation with GOD improved growth performance of ducks infected with E. coli. The GOD increased contents of Ig in plasma and secreted Ig A in jejunal mucosa. The GOD group had lower concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6) and their upstream regulator Toll-like receptor 4 in the jejunum of ducks than the control group. Supplementation with GOD increased villus height and decreased crypt depth in the jejunum. The gene expression of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, claudin-1 and claudin-2) was enhanced by adding GOD. The GOD decreased intestinal permeability by reducing the concentrations of diamine oxidase and D-lactic in plasma of ducks. There were no significant differences in almost all the indices tested between the GOD and the antibiotic groups. In conclusion, supplementation of GOD improved growth performance, immune function, and intestinal barrier of ducks infected with E. coli O88. Glucose oxidase may serve as a promising alternative therapy to antibiotics to relieve or prevent colibacillosis in ducks.


Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Patos , Infecções por Escherichia coli , Glucose Oxidase , Imunidade , Mucosa Intestinal , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Patos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Patos/imunologia , Escherichia coli , Infecções por Escherichia coli/imunologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/terapia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Glucose Oxidase/administração & dosagem , Glucose Oxidase/farmacologia , Imunidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/enzimologia , Masculino , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/imunologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/terapia , Distribuição Aleatória
6.
Animals (Basel) ; 10(7)2020 Jul 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32698425

RESUMO

Modern broiler chickens have ongoing bone health problems. Phosphorus (P) plays an important role in bone development and increased understanding of P metabolism should improve the skeletal health of broilers. Enterococcus faecium has been widely used as a probiotic in broiler production and is shown to improve skeletal health of rats, but its effect on the bones of broilers remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of E. faecium on P absorption and utilization in broilers and the associated changes in the gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing. Dietary supplementation with E. faecium improved P absorption through upregulation of the expression of intestinal NaP-IIb mRNA and increased the concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase. These actions increased P retention and bone mineralization in E. faecium-treated broilers. The positive effects of E. faecium on P metabolism were associated with changes in the populations of the intestinal microbiota. There was increased relative abundance of the following genera, Alistipes, Eubacterium, Rikenella and Ruminococcaceae and a decrease in the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Escherichia-Shigella. Dietary supplementation with E. faecium changed gut microbiota populations of broilers, increased the relative abundance of SCFA (short-chain fatty acid)-producing bacteria, improved intestinal P absorption and bone forming metabolic activities, and decreased P excretion. E. faecium facilitates increased utilisation of P in broilers.

7.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) ; 104(5): 1375-1383, 2020 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32415671

RESUMO

The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary addition of high-dose Moringa extract (10 g/kg Moringa extract) on laying performance, haematological parameters, organ index and organ histopathology of Hailan brown laying hens in order to determine the safety limit of Moringa extract in laying hens diet. 270 Hailan brown commercial laying hens with similar body weight were randomly divided into three treatments, 6 replicates per treatment and 15 chickens per replicate. Corn-soybean meal-based diet was used in the experiment, and 0, 0.75 and 10 g/kg extracts of Moringa oleifera were added to the basic diet in the experimental group. The experiment lasted 24 weeks. The results showed that the treatment group given 10 g/kg of dietary Moringa extract had no significant difference in egg-laying performance from the control group (p > .05). Adding 0.75 g/kg Moringa extract had no significant effect on the production performance during the early stage of the experiment (p > .05), but during the later stage, F/E was significantly lower than in the control group (p < .05), and no significantly difference compared with 10 g/kg treatment group (p > .05). The addition of Moringa oleifera extract had no significant effect on serum biochemical indices of laying hens except ALB and UREA (p > .05). The addition of Moringa oleifera extract had no significant effect on blood routine indexes of laying hens except for PLT, MON and HCT (p > .05). The digestive and immune organ indexes of laying hens at the later stage of the experiment (24 weeks) were not significantly affected by the addition of Moringa extract (p > .05) except ceca. There were no obvious abnormalities in histological structure. On the whole, we find it is safe to add Moringa oleifera extract to the diet of laying hens at a dosage of less than 10 g/kg.


Assuntos
Galinhas/sangue , Moringa oleifera , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Galinhas/fisiologia , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais , Feminino , Intestinos/anatomia & histologia , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/anatomia & histologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamanho do Órgão , Oviposição , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem
8.
BMC Genomics ; 17: 89, 2016 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26830196

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The liver plays important roles in nutrient metabolism, detoxification and immunity. Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) is a probiotic that has been shown to have positive effects on broiler production. However, its molecular effects on liver metabolism have not been characterized. This study aims to further identify the biological roles of E. faecium by characterizing the hepatic proteomic changes of broilers (Gallus gallus) fed E. faecium using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS: Thirty-three proteins (50 protein spots) involved in nutrient metabolism, immunity and the antioxidant system were shown to be differentially expressed in the liver of broilers fed E. faecium than from birds not fed the probiotic. The biological processes of sulphur amino acids, vitamin and cellular hormone metabolism, sulphur compound biosynthesis and protein tetramerization were enhanced in the liver of broilers fed E. faecium. However, proteins involved in calcium ion flux, cell redox homeostasis and platelet activation related to hepatic immune responses were down-regulated in broilers fed E. faecium. These results indicate that the supplementation of poultry feed with E. faecium may alter the partitioning of nutrients and promote optimal nutrient utilization. CONCLUSIONS: This study assists in unraveling the molecular effects of the dietary probiotic, E. faecium, in the liver of broiler chickens. It shows that the probiotic improves the metabolism of nutrients and decreases inflammatory responses. Our findings extend previous knowledge of the mechanism of dietary probiotic action and provide new findings for research and future probiotic development.


Assuntos
Galinhas/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético , Fígado/metabolismo , Probióticos , Proteoma , Proteômica , Animais , Galinhas/genética , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Ontologia Genética , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Ligação Proteica , Mapeamento de Interação de Proteínas , Proteômica/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
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