Identification of the antidepressant fraction and its major chemical constituents of Radix Paeoniae Alba / 药学学报

The goal of this work was to investigate the antidepressant fraction from Radix Paeoniae Alba and identify its major chemical constituents. Corticosterone injured rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells and behavioral despair depression models of mice were used to evaluate the antidepressant effects of Radix Paeoniae Alba (Bai-Shao) ethanol extract (BS-E) and its three fractions (BS-10E, BS-60E, BS-95E) isolated by macroporous resin column chromatography. Animal experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (approval No.: SLXD-20210618051). The results showed that BS-E, BS-10E and BS-60E had protective effects against PC12 cells injury induced by corticosterone, among which BS-60E had the strongest protective effect. BS-60E could significantly shorten the time of forced swimming and tail suspension in despair depression models of mice, and was identified as the antidepressant fraction of Radix Paeoniae Alba. The major chemical constituents in the antidepressant fraction were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), and their proposed fragmentation pathways in MS spectra were deduced. A total of 79 chemical constituents were identified from BS-60E, including 36 monoterpenes, 34 polyphenols, 6 oligosaccharides, and 3 other constituents, and monoterpenes and polyphenols may be major effective constituents of BS-60E.

Mechanism of Tibetan medicine Pterocephalus hookeri extract in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on serum metabonomics / 中国中药杂志

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used to investigate the effect of Pterocephalus hookeri on serum metabolism of adjuvant arthritis(AA) model rats induced by complete Freund's adjuvant. After the AA model was properly induced, the serum of rats was collected 30 days after treatment. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS chromatograms were collected and analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). The results revealed that compared with the control group, the model group showed increased content of 12 biomarkers in the serum(P<0.05) and reduced content of the other nine biomarkers(P<0.05). P. hookeri extract could recover the above-mentioned 19 biomarkers to a certain range. Pathway enrichment showed that these markers mainly involved eight metabolic pathways, including valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, arachidonic acid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, bile acid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. The findings of this study demonstrate that P. hookeri extract can regulate metabolic disorders and promote the regression of metabolic phenotype to the normal level to exert the therapeutic effect on AA rats. This study is expected to provide a certain scientific basis for the biological research on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by P. hookeri.

Investigation on intestinal absorption ingredients and their absorption characteristics in Pterocephali Herba by everted intestinal sac method / 中国中药杂志

The intestinal absorption characteristics of ten iridoid glycosides and phenolic acids in the Pterocephali Herba were evaluated via rat intestinal valgus model. The intestinal sac fluids at different time after administration of high,medium and low concentrations of Pterocephali Herba extract were collected and ten chemical components in fluid samples were detected by UPLC-PDA. Accumulative absorbed doses( Q) and absorption rate constants( Ka) of ten chemical constituents were calculated,while proportions between Pterocephali Herba extract and intestinal absorption liquid were compared. The results showed that the intestinal absorption of 10 chemical components was linear absorption( R2>0. 9) at different concentrations,which accorded with the zero-order absorption rate. The absorption rate constant was related to the concentration of the drug and the intestinal site,which indicated that intestinal adsorption mechanism of the components were passive diffusion and active transport. Proportions of chemical constituents in intestinal sac fluid were different from those in Pterocephali Herba extract. Therefore,those ten chemical components in Pterocephali Herba extract can be absorbed in whole intestine. Everted intestinal sac model can be used to evaluate intestinal absorption characteristics of ingredients in Pterocephali Herba extract effectively.

Correlation study on Tibetan medicine Pterocephalus hookeri of bitter taste receptors based on molecular docking technology / 中国中药杂志

In order to study the interaction between Pterocephalus hookeri and bitter taste receptors,three-dimensional structural models of bitter taste receptors TAS2 R16,TAS2 R14 and TAS2 R13 were established by homology modeling in this paper. Maestro software was used for docking the chemical constituents of P. hookeri with bitter taste receptors. The results showed that 25 chemical components of P. hookeri can regulate three bitter taste receptors. And these components were mainly iridoid glycosides and phenolic acids.This research focused on the comprehensive application of homology modeling and molecular docking technology to explore the interaction between bitter chemical constituents of P. hookeri and bitter taste receptors. This study provided assistance in revealing pharmacodynamic basis of bitter Tibetan medicine at molecular level. It also provided new ideas and methods for the study of Tibetan medicine.

Anti-inflammatory Active Ingredient of Chinese Herb Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix Based on Spectrum-effect Relationship / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To study the potential anti-inflammatory active ingredient of Chinese herbal Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix. Method: The inflammatory model of peritoneal macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice was used to screen out the anti-inflammatory activity of 95% ethanol extract of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix and its macroporous resin elution site (30%, 60%, 95% ethanol eluting site). The characteristic fingerprints were established by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) technology, and then partial least squares method (partial least squares, PLS) was used to study the spectrum-effect relationship between the peak area of the characteristic components and the inhibition rate of nitric oxide (NO), and potential anti-inflammatory active ingredients were identified according to variable important in projection (VIP). Result: The ethanol extract macroporous resin 60% ethanol elution site of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix had the strongest inhibition ability of nitric oxide formation, with a certain dose-dependent relationship. The study of spectrum-effect relationship showed that 3 components had potential anti-inflammatory activity, namely Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (E-8-G), Emodin-1-O-β-D-giucoside, and Emodin-8-O-(6'-O-malonyl)-glucoside. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of E-8-G was further validated at the cell level through molecular docking analysis. Conclusion: Three potential anti-inflammatory active ingredients were found base on the spectrum-effect relationship. This study strategy is helpful to find the active ingredients (group) of traditional Chinese medicine, and provides new research ideas and methods for studying the material basis of Chinese herbal medicine.

Simultaneous determination of ten major compounds including iridoid glycosides and phenolic acids in Pterocephalus hookeri by UPLC-PDA / 中国中药杂志

This study is to develop an UPLC-PDA method for determination of 10 major components in Pterocephalus. The UPLC-PDA assay was performed on a Waters Acquity UPLCR BEH C₁₈（2.1 mm ×100 mm,1.7 μm）, and the column temperature was at 30 ℃. The mobile phase consists of water containing 0.2% phosphoric acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL•min⁻¹. The detection wave length was set at 237 and 325 nm, and the injection volume was 1 μL in the UPLC system. The linear range of 10 detected compounds were good (r≥0.999 7), and the overall recoveries ranged from 96.30% to 103.0%, with the RSD ranging from 0.72% to 2.9%. The method was simple, accurate and reproducible, which can be used for the simultaneous determination of the content of ten major components in P. hookeri.

Megastigmane glucosides isolated from Dichrocephala benthamii / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to investigate the chemical constituents of the whole herb of Dichrocephala benthamii. A new megastigmane glucoside (compound 1), together with its four known analogues (compounds 2-5), was obtained. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR). The absolute configuration of compound 1 was assigned on the basis of CD method and chemical evidence. In addition, their cytotoxicity against human hepatoma cells (HepG-2) was evaluated by the MTT method. Compound 5 showed weak activity against HepG-2, while the other compounds did not show remarkable inhibitory effects.

Overview of application and research of Echinops genus in Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Asteraceae Echionopos (Echinops genus) is one of the world's plants commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine herbs. In this paper, a lot of literature on the basis of domestic and foreign, and modern research on the application of medicinal plants in different ethnic groups in our country Echionopos made a brief presentation and evaluation, and its in Chinese Han, Mongolian, Uygur, Kazak, Korean and other ethnic groups in the application of traditional medicine and related research conducted profiles. To further comprehensive and accurate use of the abundant plant resources and research, in order to find biologically active natural products, provide reference basis for the clinical application of new drugs developed and expanded drug source.

Antiatherogenic and Anti-Ischemic Properties of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xinkeshu via Endothelial Protecting Function.

Including herbal medicine, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is popular worldwide. The traditional Chinese medicine xinkeshu has been widely used to treat coronary heart disease in China. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect and probable mechanism of xinkeshu tablet to atherosclerotic myocardial ischemia rabbit. Rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 12 each) and fed with different diet for 12 weeks: Control (standard diet), Model (high-cholesterol diet), XKS (high-cholesterol diet with 184.8 mg/kg/d xinkeshu), and Atorvastatin (high-cholesterol diet with 5.0 mg/kg/d atorvastatin). Plasma lipoprotein, ECG, endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation, histomorphological study, and expressions of eNOS and VCAM-1 on coronary arteries were assessed. The findings showed that, similar to atorvastatin, xinkeshu presented significant effects on rescuing endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation, inhibiting atherosclerotic progress, preventing myocardial ischemia, and changing eNOS and VCAM-1 expression. However, xinkeshu showed no lipoprotein lowering effect in hypercholesterolemia rabbits. The results of the present study indicated that xinkeshu exerted potent antiatherogenic and anti-ischemic properties on atherosclerotic myocardial ischemia rabbit. An endothelial protecting effect may be involved in the mechanism other than antihyperlipidemic effect.

Studies on chemical constituents of rhizomes of Smilax china / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the rhizomes of Smilax china.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents of the rhizomes of S. china were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Thirteen compounds were obtained and identified as kaemperol-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), engeletin (2), isoengeletin (3), kaempferol (4), dihydrokaempferol (5), dihydrokaempferol-5-O-P-D-glucopyranoside (6), rutin (7), kaempferol- 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), 3, 5, 4'-trihydroxystibene (9), vanillic acid (10), 3, 5-dimethoxy4-O-beta-D-glu-copyranosylcinnamic acid (11), beta-sitosterol (12), and beta-daucosterol (13) , respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1, 3, 7, 8, and 11 were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 8 and 11 were isolated from the genus Smilax for the first time.</p>

Studies on lignan constituents of Clematis parviloba / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the stems of Clematis parviloba.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data together with physical and chemical property.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ten compounds have been isolated from the stems of C. parviloba, and identified as: (+) pinoresionol (1), (+) pinoresionol-4'-O-p-D-glucopyranoside (2), ( +) pinoresionol4, 4'-O-bis-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), (-) syringaresinol (4), (+) syringaresinol-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), (-)episyringaresinol (6), (+) medioresinol-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), (+) lariciresinol-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), (+) lariciresinol-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), (+) lariciresinol-4, 4'-O-bis-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 6, 7 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and the other ones were isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>

A new glycoside from Alpinia officinarum / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the glycosidic constituents in the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum Hance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The isolation and purification of glycosides were done with column chromatography on macro porous resin, polyamides and Sephadex LH-20, whilst the structure elucidation was done by HRCI-MS and NMR (1D and 2D) methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A glycosidic ester identified as 4'-hydroxy-2'-methoxyphenol-beta-D-{6-0-[4"-hydroxy-3", 5"-dimethoxy (benzoate)]}-glucopyranoside (I), along with a known compound n-butyl-beta-D-fructopyranoside (II), were isolated and characterized.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>I was found to be a new compound, named as alpinoside A, whilst II was isolated from the genus Alpinia for the first time.</p>

A new benzophenone from the root of Securidaca inappendiculata / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the benzophenones in the roots of Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Column chromatography (including silica gel and Sephadex LH-20) was used to isolate benzophenones whose structures were elucidated by HREI-MS, NMR (1D and 2D) methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A new benzophenone was isolated and identified as 2-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-benzophenone (I), along with a known compound 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-benzophenone (II).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound I is a new one named as securiphenone B, compound II was isolated from the genus for the first time.</p>

Research on the technology of soaking under pressure and cutting process of Radix Curcumae / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the best processing technology parameters.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The changes of the weights, volatile constituents, total extract quantities by MeOH or CHCl3 and curcumenol contents of the roots of Curcuma wenyujin and C. kwangsiensis roots before and after water soaking were determined, so as to determine the quality control index for the process of preparing Yujin slices. The shortest soaking and moistening time and the appropriate drying temperature were studied.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>(1) The weight was decreased and the quantities of volatile constituents were changed during water soaking process. But the total extracts quantities and the curcumenol contents didn't change obviously. So the quality control index was decided as soaking as short as possible. (2) The soaking time could be decreased by using high pressure. The soaking time was related with the short diameter of the cross section of the root. (3) The soaking under pressure technology is that soaking on -0.095 MPa for 0.5 h, then on 0.14 MPa for 10-16 h, and moistening for 36-48 h, cutting drying in room temperature or less than 40 degrees C.</p>

Pharmacokinetics of patchouli alcohol and patchouli alcohol in patchouli oil after iv administrated to rats / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To develop a capillary gas chromatographic method for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of patchouli alcohol in rat plasma after iv administration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The drug was extracted with ethyl acetate. Eugenol was used as internal standard. The separation was carried out on a HP-5MS quartz capillary column, with high-purity nitrogen as carrier gas and flame ionization detector (FID) as detector. The column temperature was maintained at 80 degrees C for 1 min and then programmed to 200 degrees C at a rate of 15 degrees C x min(-1); it was held at 200 degrees C for 1 min, and then programmed to 290 degrees C at a rate of 60 degrees C x min(-1); the final temperature was held for 1 min. The temperature of both injector and detector was set at 290 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The standard curve was linear from 25 to 5 000 microg x L(-1) in rat plasma. The recovery of this method was from 90.0% to 110.0% with satisfactory relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 10.0%. The pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrated patchouli alcohol were consistent with the two-compartment open model and showed linear pharmacokinetics. The T1/2beta, AUC and MRT of patchouli alcohol in patchouli oil were all higher than that of patchouli alcohol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method is quick, precise and reliable. The pharmacokinetics of patchouli alcohol is different from that of patchouli alcohol in patchouli oil.</p>

Two new triterpenoid saponins from Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the triterpenoid saponins in the whole plants of Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl..</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Column chromatography (including AB-8 macroporous resin, silica gel and ODS) was used to separate triterpenoid saponins whose structures were elucidated by ESI-MS, NMR (1D and 2D) and hydrolysis methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two new triterpenoid saponins were isolated and established as 3beta, 22alpha-dihydroxy-16alpha-angeloyloxy-28-->13-lactone-oleanane-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinpyranosyl]-22-O-(6-acetyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (I), 3beta, 13beta, 22alpha-trihydroxy-16alpha-acetyloxyoleanane-28-oic acid Na-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinpyranosyl]-22-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (II).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds I and II are new compounds and named as capilliposide I and capilliposide J.</p>

Two new triterpenoid saponins from Lysimachia davurica / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the triterpenoid saponins in the whole plant of Lysimachia davurica Ledeb.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Column chromatography (including AB-8 macroporous resin, silica gel and ODS) was used to separate triterpenoid saponins whose structures were elucidated by ESI-MS, NMR (1D and 2D) and hydrolysis methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two new triterpenoid saponins were isolated and established as 3beta, 16alpha, 28-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-3-0-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl)-28-0-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (I), 3beta, 16alpha, 28-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl)-28-0-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (II).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds I and II are new compounds and named as davuricosides D and J.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents in herba of Lysimachia davurica / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from the whole plant of Lysimachia davurica.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were separated and purified by column chromatograph, and identified by spectral analysis and physical data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six compounds were isolated and identified as triacontanoic acid(I), palmitic acid(II), beta-amyrin(III), stigmasterol(IV), oleanolic acid(V), soya-cerebroside I (VI).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>I, III, VI were isolated from this gene for the first time.</p>

Quinic acid esters from herba of Siphonostegia chinensis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the bioactive constituents, quinic acid esters, from Siphonostegia chinensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were extracted with solvents, isolated by various column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Three quinic acid esters were isolated and identified as 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid(I), macranthoin F(II), and methyl ester of 3, 4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid (III).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All compounds were isolated from Siphonostegia for the first time.</p>