RESUMO
This work deals with the capture of phosphorus from aqueous solutions by biosorption onto zirconium loaded okara (ZLO). The batch-mode experiments were conducted to examine the effect of pH, biosorbent dose, initial phosphorus concentration, contact time, and temperature on the process. It was found that, the adsorption was most favored in the pH range of 2-6. The optimal doses for the adsorption, at initial phosphorus concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50mg/L were 2, 3, 7, 10g/L, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of ZLO was approximately 44.13mg PO4/g at 298K. The phosphate removal was rapid, reaching 95% in 30min. Freundlich model best fitted the equilibrium data, while Pseudo-second order model satisfactorily described the kinetic results. Thermodynamic analysis revealed feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic nature of the process. The research would be beneficial for developing a promising, eco-friendly phosphorus biosorbent from a plentiful AWB - okara.
Assuntos
Fósforo/química , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Purificação da Água/métodos , Zircônio/química , Adsorção , Biodegradação Ambiental , Cinética , Molibdênio , Fósforo/análise , Alimentos de Soja , Termodinâmica , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the microscopic characters of cells in mesocap of some of medicinal plants in Citrus of Rutaceae. METHOD: Microscopic observation and photograph were carried out. RESULT: It has been found that many of pavenchymatous cells are branches. It is spongy tissue that has huge room between cells. The thickening of cell wall is not obvious. The uneven thickness of walls of cells in mesocarp which is reported in the old documents are not found.
Assuntos
Citrus/citologia , Plantas Medicinais/citologia , Parede Celular/ultraestrutura , Citrus/classificação , Citrus sinensis/citologia , Frutas/citologiaRESUMO
Following the characterization of licorice-saponins A3 (2), B2 (3), and C2 (4), the chemical structures of licorice-saponins D3 (5), E2 (6), F3 (7), G2 (8), H2 (9), J2 (10), and K2 (11), seven of the ten oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides isolated from the air-dried roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer collected in the northeastern part of China, were investigated. On the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, the structures of licorice-saponins D3, E2, F3, G2, H2, J2, and K2 have been determined to be expressed as 3 beta-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1-- >2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyloxy]-22 beta-acetoxyolean-12-en-30-oic acid (5), 3-O-[beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D- glucuronopyranosyl]glabrolide (6), 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1--> 2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-11-deoxoglabrolide (7), 24-hydroxyglycyrrhizin (8), 3-O-[beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta- D-glucuronopyranosyl]liquiritic acid (9), 24-hydroxy-11-deoxoglycyrrhizin (10), and 3 beta-[beta-D- glucuronopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyloxy]-24-+ ++hydroxyoleana- 11,13(18)-dien-30-oic acid (11), respectively.
Assuntos
Glycyrrhiza/química , Plantas Medicinais , Saponinas/química , ChinaRESUMO
From the air-dried root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, collected in the northeastern part of China, ten new oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides were isolated together with glycyrrhizin (1) and several known flavonoids. Among the newly isolated triterpene oligoglycosides, the chemical structures of licorice-saponin A3 (2), licorice-saponin B2 (3), and licorice-saponin C2 (4) have been determined, on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, to be expressed as 30-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylglycyrrhizin, 11-deoxo-glycyrrhizin, and 3-O-[beta-D-glucuronpyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronpyranosyl++ +]oleana- 11,13(18)-dien-30-oic acid, respectively. During the course of these studies, facile conversions from glycyrrhizin (1) to licorice-saponins A3 (2), B2 (3), and C2 (4) have been accomplished.