RESUMO
Although schizophrenia is a brain disorder, increasing evidence suggests that there may be body-wide involvement in this illness. However, direct evidence of brain structures involved in the presumed peripheral-central interaction in schizophrenia is still unclear. Seventy-nine previously treatment-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients who were within 2-week antipsychotics initial stabilization, and 41 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Group differences in subcortical brain regional structures measured by MRI and the subclinical cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, and neuroendocrine biomarkers as indexed by allostatic load, and their associations were explored. Compared with controls, patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher allostatic load (P = .001). Lateral ventricle (P < .001), choroid plexus (P < .001), and thalamus volumes (P < .001) were significantly larger, whereas amygdala volume (P = .001) was significantly smaller in patients. The choroid plexus alone was significantly correlated with higher allostatic load after age, sex, education level, and the total intracranial volume were taken into account (t = 3.60, P < .001). Allostatic load was also significantly correlated with PANSS positive (r = 0.28, P = .016) and negative (r = -0.31, P = .008) symptoms, but in opposite directions. The peripheral multisystemic and central nervous system abnormalities in schizophrenia may interact through the choroid plexus during the early stage of the illness. The choroid plexus might provide a sensitive structural biomarker to study the treatment and prevention of brain-periphery interaction abnormalities in schizophrenia.
Assuntos
Alostase , Plexo Corióideo/patologia , Esquizofrenia , Estresse Psicológico , Adulto , Alostase/fisiologia , Tonsila do Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tonsila do Cerebelo/patologia , Biomarcadores , Plexo Corióideo/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Ventrículos Laterais/diagnóstico por imagem , Ventrículos Laterais/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Esquizofrenia/imunologia , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Estresse Psicológico/imunologia , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/patologia , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tálamo/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study was to investigate the permeability and absorbability of capsaicin cubosome across abdominal skin of the SD rats in vitro. Diffusion of capsaicin cubosome and cream was performed with the modified Franz diffusion cell technique. The capsaicin cubosome showed no enhancement of skin permeation within 24 hours. However, the deposition amounts of capsaicin in the rat skin in the cubosome group was markedly higher than those in the commercial cream group (P < 0.01). Cubosome showed excellent characetristic of skin-targed which could be a good carrier for the local transdermal drug delivery system.