[Insights into Hangzhou patent medicine industry business characteristics in Qing dynasty from drug indexes of three large pharmacies].

Drug Indexes are of significance for investigation on ancient patent medicine industry. Herein, we compared Zhang Tongtai Wan San Gao Dan Quanlu (10th year of Jiaqing Reign, 1805), Ye Zhongde Tang Dan Wan Quanlu (4th year of Xianfeng Reign, 1854 and 5th year of Tongzhi Reign, 1866) and Hu Qingyu Tang Wan San Gao Dan Quanji(3th year of Guangxu Reign, 1877) to illustrate the business features of Hangzhou patent medicine industry in Qing Dynasty.The three pharmacies, Zhang Tongtai Tang, Ye Zhongde Tang and Hu Qingyu Tang, were all adept in utilizing ancient prescriptions that contained various preparations, emphasized commercial ethics and product qualities, distributed their products in flexible pattern and focused on distillation formula. Moreover, each of the three pharmacies exhibited their own characteristics in product types and commercialization.

[The investigation on the historical remains related to medical, healthy and hygienical activities in Zhejiang].

Aiming to protect and utilize the historical remains related to medical, healthy, and hygienical activities, we have to get the information of those remains. From 2003 to 2018, we investigated and documented those remains before 1949 by checking various literatures, archives, and collected the information supplied by the traditional Chinese medicine practitioners and scholars. Total remains 167 recorded and documented as following: historical event remains 17; temple and shrine 12; medical institutions remains 43; research institutions remains 2; traditional Chinese medical factory remains 1; western and traditional Chinese medicine stores 15; western and Chinese medical education institutions remains 5; famous medical person residence remains 16; tombs 14; inscription 7; sites of wells 35, also including 1950s historical remains 2.

[General survey and protection of intangible cultural heritage in traditional medicine in Zhejiang Province].

From January 2003 to October 2008, the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture, together with the Intangible Cultural Heritage Management Department of 11 cities and counties, including Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Huzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Quzhou, Zhoushan, Taizhou, Lishui, surveyed the Province's intangible cultural heritage in traditional medicine, with a total of 7849 items, including 7 kinds of traditional medicine in 8 major categories: living Chinese medicine culture, ethnic medicine, acu-moxibustion, osteopathic therapy, unique therapies, and Chinese crude drugs, herbal medicine and traditional Chinese medicine preparation, TCM processing.Among them, 9 items have been included in the Representative Project List of National Traditional Medicine Intangible Cultural Heritage, 18 items were listed in Representative Project Directory of Zhejiang Traditional Medicine Intangible Cultural Heritage.Theprotection and inheritance of traditional of the intangible heritage of traditional medicine in Zhejiang province are mainly through the 4 batches of master guidance apprentices.In addition, protection is carried out through organizational support, literature systematization and other measures.

[Random notes on the hygienic works in the guerrilla of eastern Zhejiang Province of New Fourth Army].

Being reorganized on the basis of the 3rd and 5th branches of Songhu Guerrilla and its 3rd column, the Eastern Zhejiang Guerrilla got remarkable achievements in the health works from nothing. It is especially so and deserved written description for the Rear Hospitals of Sanbei when its medical staffs were surrounded by the Japanese and Kuomintang troops under very difficult conditions, which were overcome by the support of local people.

Clioquinol and vitamin B12 (cobalamin) synergistically rescue the lead-induced impairments of synaptic plasticity in hippocampal dentate gyrus area of the anesthetized rats in vivo.

Lead (Pb(2+)) exposure in development induces impairments of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) area of the anesthetized rats in vivo. The common chelating agents have many adverse effects and are incapable of alleviating lead-induced neurotoxicity. Recently, CQ, clioquinol (5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxy-quinoline), which is a transition metal ion chelator and/or ionophore with low affinity for metal ions, has yielded some promising results in animal models and clinical trials related to dysfunctions of metal ions. In addition, CQ-associated side effects are believed to be overcome with vitamin B12 (VB12) supplementation. To determine whether CQ treatment could rescue impairments of synaptic plasticity induced by chronic Pb(2+) exposure, we investigated the input/output functions (I/Os), paired-pulse reactions (PPRs) and long-term potentiation (LTP) of different treatment groups in hippocampal DG area of the anesthetized rat in vivo by recording field potentials and measured hippocampal Pb(2+) concentrations of different treatment groups by PlasmaQuad 3 inductive coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The results show: CQ alone does not rescue the lead-induced impairments of synaptic plasticity in hippocampal DG area of the anesthetized rats in vivo; VB12 alone partly rescues the lead-induced impairments of LTP; however the co-administration of CQ and VB12 totally rescues these impairments of synaptic plasticity and moreover, the effects of CQ and VB12 co-administration are specific to the lead-exposed animals.

Protection by a taurine supplemented diet from lead-induced deficits of long-term potentiation/depotentiation in dentate gyrus of rats in vivo.

Previous studies have demonstrated that synaptic plasticity, which includes long-term potentiation (LTP) and depotentiation (DP) in hippocampus, is important for learning and memory. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of taurine via drinking water on the lead-induced impairments of LTP and DP in rat dentate gyrus (DG) in vivo. The experiments were carried out in four groups of rats (control, lead-exposed, control and lead-exposed with a taurine-supplement diet, respectively). The input-output (I/O) function, excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and population spike (PS) amplitude were measured in the DG area of adult rats (60-90 days) in response to stimulation applied to the lateral perforant path. The results show that: 1. chronic lead exposure impaired LTP/DP measured on both EPSP slope and PS amplitude in DG area of the hippocampus; 2. in control rats, taurine had no effect on LTP/DP; 3. the amplitudes of LTP/DP of lead-exposed group were significantly increased by applying taurine. These results suggest that dietary taurine supplement could protect rats from the lead-induced impairments of synaptic plasticity and might be a preventive medicine to cure the cognitive deficits induced by lead.

Effects of chronic lead exposure on 1H MRS of hippocampus and frontal lobes in children.

The authors performed IQ testing and magnetic resonance spectroscopy on six lead-exposed and six control children. Levels of N-acetyl aspartate (neuronal density and mitochondrial metabolism), creatine + phosphocreatine (phosphate metabolism), and choline (membrane turnover) were decreased in four brain regions (left and right frontal, left and right hippocampus) in lead-exposed children vs controls. The reductions were right frontal > left frontal > hippocampus but were the same bilaterally in the hippocampus.