Effects of endogenous DHA milk and exogenous DHA milk on oxidative stress and cognition in SAMP8 mice.

In this study, Senescence Accelerated Mice (SAMP8) were supplemented with exogenous DHA milk, endogenous DHA milk, normal milk, or 0.9 % saline solution. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), gas chromatography (GC), ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI MS/MS), and Morris water maze were used to characterize the effects of diet on oxidative stress and cognition in SAMP8 mice. Supplementation endogenous DHA milk or exogenous DHA milk can enhance the antioxidant capacity of mice organs. Endogenous DHA milk increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of mice brain and serum than normal milk and 0.9 % saline solution (P ≤ 0.05), as well as increased SOD activity of mice liver and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of mice brain than normal milk (P ≤ 0.05). Exogenous DHA milk increased SOD activity of mice brain than normal milk and 0.9 % saline solution, as well as increased SOD activity of mice serum than 0.9 % saline solution (P ≤ 0.05). Several polar lipid relative content, such as 18:0/18:2 PS, 17:0 Ceramide, and 20:4 LPC in mice brain was affected by dietary supplementation with DHA-containing milk. Lipid oxidation metabolites in mice brain were not affected by DHA-containing milk. Endogenous DHA milk increased the number of platform location crossing times of mice in the Morris water maze test, compared with Exogenous DHA milk, normal milk, and 0.9 % saline solution (P ≤ 0.05).

Dietary Schizochytrium Microalgae Affect the Fatty Acid Profile of Goat Milk: Quantification of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Its Distribution at Sn-2 Position.

The objective of this study was to detect the influence of dietary Schizochytrium microalgae on milk composition, milk fatty acids, and milk sn-2 fatty acids in goat's milk. Firstly, we could see that the fat content increased in low microalgae supplementation goat's milk (LM, 15 g/day) and the lactose content decreased in medium microalgae supplementation goat's milk (MM, 25 g/day) compared with control goat's milk (C, 0 g/day). Moreover, the absolute concentration of the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of LM, MM, and high microalgae supplementation (HM, 35 g/day) goat's milk was 29.485, 32.351, and 24.817 mg/100 g raw milk, respectively, which were all higher than that in the control goat's milk with 4.668 mg/100 g raw milk. In addition, the sn-2 DHA content increased in MM and HM goat's milk. However, the decreasing trend of the sn-2 DHA content was observed in LM goat's milk. As for other fatty acids, the oleic acid (C18:1n9c) and linolenic acid (C18:3n3) content decreased and increased, respectively, in all experimental goat milk. Finally, an interesting phenomenon was found, which was that docosanoic acid (C22:0) and tetracosenic acid (C24:1) were only detected in test goat's milk. Consequently, the phenomena of this study demonstrated that dietary Schizochytrium microalgae have an obvious effect on the fatty acid and sn-2 fatty acid profile of goat's milk, and they provide an effective method to improve the content of goat's milk DHA in practical production.