Carbohydrate mouth rinsing decreases fatigue index of taekwondo frequency speed of kick test.

Carbohydrate mouth rinsing (CMR) potentially affects the interval training performance of taekwondo athletes. This study explored the effect of CMR on vertical jump, kicking speed, and fatigue index before and after simulated taekwondo competition. In a crossover experimental design, 13 trained taekwondo athletes were randomly divided into the CMR and control trials. After warming up, the participants used 6.6% maltodextrin (CMR trial) or mineral water (control trial) to rinse their mouth. Next, the participants underwent tests of vertical jump, kicking speed, and maximum number of kicks. After the tests, the participants rinsed their mouth again, followed by using Wingate testing bikes for 5-s sprint and 25-s rest to simulate taekwondo competitions. Four repetitions were performed in each round for 2 min for a total of three rounds. The results revealed that the fatigue index of the participants in the CMR trial before and after the simulated competition was significantly lower than that of the control trial. However, the two trials differed nonsignificantly in their performance in vertical jump, kicking speed, and the simulated competition. Overall, the study results indicated that CMR reduces the fatigue index but no change was observed in performance for vertical jump, kicking speed, and the simulated competition of trained taekwondo athletes.

Targeting the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer Stem Cells for a Better Clinical Outcome of Glioma.

Glioma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system with a poor prognosis at present due to lack of effective treatment options. Its initiation, migration, and multipotency are affected by cancer stem cell's transition. Previous studies imply that changes in the cancer stem cells can affect the malignant differentiation of the tumor. We found that the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related regulatory pathway is an important target for tumor therapy. In this review, we discuss the transition factor of EMT and 3 specific pathways that affect the EMT of cancer stem cells during tumor development. We conclude that targeting the EMT process of cancer stem cells can be a feasible approach in the treatment of glioma.

Protein hydrolysate from potato confers hepatic-protection in hamsters against high fat diet induced apoptosis and fibrosis by suppressing Caspase-3 and MMP2/9 and by enhancing Akt-survival pathway.

BACKGROUND: A potato protein hydrolysate, APPH is a potential anti-obesity diet ingredient. Since, obesity leads to deterioration of liver function and associated liver diseases, in this study the effect of APPH on high fat diet (HFD) associated liver damages was investigated. METHODS: Six week old male hamsters were randomly separated to six groups (n = 8) as control, HFD (HFD fed obese), L-APPH (HFD + 15 mg/kg/day of APPH), M-APPH (HFD + 30 mg/kg/day), H-APPH (HFD + 75 mg/kg/day of APPH) and PB (HFD + 500 mg/kg/day of probucol). HFD fed hamsters were administered with APPH 50 days through oral gavage. The animals were euthanized and the number of apoptotic nuclei in liver tissue was determined by TUNEL staining and the extent of interstitial fibrosis was determined by Masson's trichrome staining. Modulation in the molecular events associated with apoptosis and fibrosis were elucidated from the western blotting analysis of the total protein extracts. RESULTS: Hamsters fed with high fat diet showed symptoms of liver damage as measured from serum markers like alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. However a 50 day long supplementation of APPH effectively ameliorated the effects of HFD. HFD also modulated the expression of survival and apoptosis proteins in the hamster liver. Further the HFD groups showed elevated levels of fibrosis markers in liver. The increase in fibrosis and apoptosis was correlated with the increase in the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (pERK1/2) revealing a potential role of ERK in the HFD mediated liver damage. However APPH treatment reduced the effect of HFD on the apoptosis and fibrosis markers considerably and provided hepato-protection. CONCLUSION: APPH can therefore be considered as an efficient therapeutic agent to ameliorate high fat diet related liver damages.

[Study on characteristics and data mining of 464 cases of lung diseases in Xin'an Wang's medicine].

The purpose of this paper is to study the use rules of drugs for lung diseases in internal medicine department of Xin'an Wang's family, discuss the compatibility of common drugs for lung diseases, guide clinical application, and inherit Xin'an medicine. By retrospective study on lung diseases cases in Wang's internal medicine works, the lung diseases and use frequency of common drugs treated by Wang's medicine were counted, and the systematic clustering and association rule analysis of common drugs were conducted by using SPSS Statistic 20 and SPSS Modeler 18.0, respectively. The results showed that asthma, cold and cough were the main lung diseases treated by Wang's medicine, and the commonly used medicines included antitussive and antiasthmatic drugs, spleen-invigorating and dampness-removing drugs, and expectorants. The medicine taste was mainly bitter, pungent and sweet, with cold and warm properties in a balanced way, without severely cold or hot herbs, mainly attributing to the lung and stomach meridians. In clustering analysis, 10 drug combinations were obtained; association analysis showed that two, three, four association rules respectively had 11, 21, and 10 groups, and each drug group had 11, 16, and 5 items. Core combinations: Poria, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Asteris Radix et Rhizome, Coicis Semen, Farfarae Flos, Dendrobii Caulis, Perilla Frutescens, Stemonae Radix, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Cynanchi Stauntonii Rhizome et Radix, Meretricis Concha Cyclinae Concha, Belamcandae Rhizoma, and Pinelliae Rhizome. Xin'an Wang's medicine paid attention to the lung nature when treating lung diseases. Lung is a delicate organ, not resistant to coldness or heat, so severely cold or hot herbs shall not be used, and the clear and light drugs with functions of dispersing lung Qi, clearing phlegm evil, strengthening spleen, eliminating phlegm, and relieving cough and asthma are often used. Lung deficiency is a kind of deficiency of Qi and Yin, so both Qi and Yin shall be regulated. Deficiency of Yin would burn the lung and make the lung collaterals blocked. In this case, the lung collaterals shall be dredged for hemostasis. Long time of lung deficiency would hinder the distribution of body fluid, and lung shall be regulated to dissipate phlegm.

[Anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis mechanism of Xinshao formula on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury].

The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established to investigate the anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis mechanism of Xinshao formula on the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group, model group, and low, middle and high-dose Xinshao formula groups (0.31, 0.62, 1.25 g·kg⁻¹). After administration with Xinshao formula for 7 days, the rats were used to establish the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model. The neurological behavior was evaluated. TTC staining was implemented to determine the volume of cerebral infarction. The levels of ROS, SOD, GSH-PX, NO and iNOS in serum were examined, and the mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase 3 in hippocampal CA1 were detected by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemical assay and Western blot. It is found that Xinshao formula could significantly reduce the symptoms of nervous function and the volume of cerebral infarction in MACO rats. Compared with model group, the rats in Xinshao formula group showed increases in the activities of SOD and GSH-PX (P<0.01), and decreases in the activities of iNOS and the contents of NO, ROS and MDA (P<0.01). In addition, Xinshao formula could down-regulate the mRNA and protein levels of Bax and caspase 3 (P<0.01), and up-regulated those of Bcl-2 (P<0.01) in MACO rats. In conclusion, Xinshao formula showed aprotective effect on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injuryin rats, which may be associated with the promotion of anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis.

Comparison of multi-enzyme and thermophilic bacteria on the hydrolysis of mariculture organic waste (MOW).

Mariculture organic waste (MOW) is rich in organic matter, which is a potential energy resource for anaerobic digestion. In order to enhance the anaerobic fermentation, the MOW was hydrolyzed by multi-enzyme and thermophilic bacteria. It was advantageous for soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) release at MOW concentrations of 6 and 10 g/L with multi-enzyme and thermophilic bacteria pretreatments. For multi-enzyme, the hydrolysis was not obvious at substrate concentrations of 1 and 3 g/L, and the protein and carbohydrate increased with hydrolysis time at substrate concentrations of 6 and 10 g/L. For thermophilic bacteria, the carbohydrate was first released at 2-4 h and then consumed, and the protein increased with hydrolysis time. The optimal enzyme hydrolysis for MOW was determined by measuring the changes of SCOD, protein, carbohydrate, ammonia and total phosphorus, and comparing with acid and alkaline pretreatments.

Buyang huanwu decoction promotes angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 activation through the PI3K/Akt pathway in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a fatal subtype of stroke that lacks effective treatments. Angiogenesis following ICH is an important response mediating brain recovery and repair. Phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (pVEGFR2) via PI3K/Akt signaling plays a key role in mediating cellular processes involved in repair, such as mitogenesis, angiogenesis, and vascular permeability. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, on angiogenesis by VEGFR2 activation through the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in a mouse model of ICH. METHODS: Adult male Kunming mice (n = 50) were randomly assigned into sham and ICH-operated groups and treated with one of the followings SU5416 (VEGFR2 inhibitor), BYHWT and BYHWT + SU5416. ICH was induced in mice by injecting collagenase (type VII) into the right globus pallidus of the mouse brain. BYHWD (4.36 g/kg) was administrated in mice by intragastric infusion. Neurological function was evaluated in mice by a modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS) as well as corner turn and foot-fault tests. Angiogenesis was examined by intraperitoneal injection of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in mice to quantify new brain vessel growth. SU5416 treatment and assessment of VEGFR2 phosphorylation as well as alterations in PI3K/Akt signaling were performed to determine whether the effect of BYHWD on angiogenesis was partly mediated by phosphorylation of VEGFR2 via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. RESULTS: We show that BYHWD treated mice exhibited (i) significantly better recovery from neurological dysfunction, (ii) increased BrdU(+) nuclei in vWF(+) dilated brain vessels and (iii) higher VEGFR2 phosphorylation immunoreactivity in brain microvessels (P <0.05), (iv) higher expression of PI3K and pAkt at the protein level (P <0.05) when compared to untreated ICH mice. These beneficial effects were reversed by SU5416 (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: BYHWD promoted neurological recovery and angiogenesis after ICH in mice by enhancing VEGFR2 phosphorylation through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

[Study on qi deficiency syndrome distribution and quality of life in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To study the qi deficiency syndrome distribution and quality of life (QOL) of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted in 120 patients with advanced NSCLC using the QOL scale "Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy" (FACT-L) (Version 4.0). Meanwhile, syndrome typing was performed. On the basis of results of syndrome typing, patients of different syndrome types were grouped and compared, thus studying the distribution of advanced NSCLC patients of qi deficiency syndrome and qi deficiency syndrome correlated QOL features. RESULTS: Qi deficiency, blood stasis, yin deficiency, phlegm and dampness dominated in syndrome types of the 120 patients with advanced NSCLC. Of syndrome types accounting for larger ratios in 112 patients, pure qi deficiency syndrome accounted for 30.36% (34 cases), qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome for 18. 75% (21 cases), both qi and yin deficiency syndrome for 10. 71% (12 cases). There was no correlation between the appearance of qi deficiency syndrome and patients' age, sex, pathological typing (adenocarcinoma/squamous carcinoma), or the disease duration. NSCLC patients in phase IV were mostly complicated with qi deficiency syndrome (P<0.05). Scores of physical states, emotional states, functional states, and total scores in the FACT-L scale were lower in those complicated with qi deficiency syndrome (89 cases) than in those without complicated qi deficiency syndrome (31 cases), showing statistical difference (P<0.01, P<0.05). The scores of the lung cancer specific module (additional concerns) in the FACT-L scale showed statistical difference, sequenced as qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome > pure qi deficiency syndrome > both qi and yin deficiency syndrome (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Qi deficiency syndrome is the main syndrome of advanced NSCLC. The QOL of advanced NSCLC patients complicated with qi deficiency syndrome was poorer than those without complicated qi deficiency syndrome. Besides, along with the aggravation of qi deficiency syndrome, the QOL decreased somewhat. It suggested that symptomatic treatment of qi deficiency syndrome could improve advanced NSCLC patients' QOL.

Study on qi deficiency syndrome distribution and quality of life in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the qi deficiency syndrome distribution and quality of life (QOL) of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A questionnaire survey was conducted in 120 patients with advanced NSCLC using the QOL scale "Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy" (FACT-L) (Version 4.0). Meanwhile, syndrome typing was performed. On the basis of results of syndrome typing, patients of different syndrome types were grouped and compared, thus studying the distribution of advanced NSCLC patients of qi deficiency syndrome and qi deficiency syndrome correlated QOL features.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Qi deficiency, blood stasis, yin deficiency, phlegm and dampness dominated in syndrome types of the 120 patients with advanced NSCLC. Of syndrome types accounting for larger ratios in 112 patients, pure qi deficiency syndrome accounted for 30.36% (34 cases), qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome for 18. 75% (21 cases), both qi and yin deficiency syndrome for 10. 71% (12 cases). There was no correlation between the appearance of qi deficiency syndrome and patients' age, sex, pathological typing (adenocarcinoma/squamous carcinoma), or the disease duration. NSCLC patients in phase IV were mostly complicated with qi deficiency syndrome (P<0.05). Scores of physical states, emotional states, functional states, and total scores in the FACT-L scale were lower in those complicated with qi deficiency syndrome (89 cases) than in those without complicated qi deficiency syndrome (31 cases), showing statistical difference (P<0.01, P<0.05). The scores of the lung cancer specific module (additional concerns) in the FACT-L scale showed statistical difference, sequenced as qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome > pure qi deficiency syndrome > both qi and yin deficiency syndrome (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Qi deficiency syndrome is the main syndrome of advanced NSCLC. The QOL of advanced NSCLC patients complicated with qi deficiency syndrome was poorer than those without complicated qi deficiency syndrome. Besides, along with the aggravation of qi deficiency syndrome, the QOL decreased somewhat. It suggested that symptomatic treatment of qi deficiency syndrome could improve advanced NSCLC patients' QOL.</p>

[Comparative study on the methods of Chinese medicine and Western medicine therapeutic evaluation for advanced non-small cell lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences and characteristics in Chinese medicine (CM) and Western medicine therapeutic evaluation methods in the application of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: A total of 200 cases of advanced non-small cell lung cancer from 3 subcenters were enrolled the study and assigned to two groups, 104 in the CM group treated with CM injection combined with treatment based on syndrome differentiation, 96 in the chemotherapy group treated with the international chemothearapy scheme, both the course of treatment was 6 weeks. Their short-term therapeutic effects were observed by the "clinic efficacy appraisal standard of therapy for advanced lung cancer with CM" simultaneously and by the follow-up Western medical solid tumor's effect evaluation criterion, including clinical symptoms, tumor body, Karnorfsky score, body weight and immune function evaluation. RESULTS: According to WHO solid tumor's effect evaluation criterion, the efficacy of the chemotherapy group was much better than that of the CM group (P < 0.01). While, according to the "clinic efficacy appraisal standard of therapy for advanced lung cancer with CM", the efficacy of the CM group was better than that of the chemotherapy group without statistical difference (P = 0.05), however, there was a very strong trend of appearing difference. There was difference inult o the results of the two evaluation methods. CONCLUSION: Compared with WHO solid tumor's effect evaluation criterion, "the clinic efficacy appraisal standard of therapy for advanced lung cancer with CM" can reflect more features and advantages of CM for cancer treatment, having value for further study.

Comparative study on the methods of Chinese medicine and Western medicine therapeutic evaluation for advanced non-small cell lung cancer / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the differences and characteristics in Chinese medicine (CM) and Western medicine therapeutic evaluation methods in the application of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 200 cases of advanced non-small cell lung cancer from 3 subcenters were enrolled the study and assigned to two groups, 104 in the CM group treated with CM injection combined with treatment based on syndrome differentiation, 96 in the chemotherapy group treated with the international chemothearapy scheme, both the course of treatment was 6 weeks. Their short-term therapeutic effects were observed by the "clinic efficacy appraisal standard of therapy for advanced lung cancer with CM" simultaneously and by the follow-up Western medical solid tumor's effect evaluation criterion, including clinical symptoms, tumor body, Karnorfsky score, body weight and immune function evaluation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to WHO solid tumor's effect evaluation criterion, the efficacy of the chemotherapy group was much better than that of the CM group (P < 0.01). While, according to the "clinic efficacy appraisal standard of therapy for advanced lung cancer with CM", the efficacy of the CM group was better than that of the chemotherapy group without statistical difference (P = 0.05), however, there was a very strong trend of appearing difference. There was difference inult o the results of the two evaluation methods.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with WHO solid tumor's effect evaluation criterion, "the clinic efficacy appraisal standard of therapy for advanced lung cancer with CM" can reflect more features and advantages of CM for cancer treatment, having value for further study.</p>