Intoxicación por fósforo blanco durante fiestas decembrinas: a propósito de un caso / Intoxication by white phosphorus during Christmas Holidays: a case / Intoxicação por fósforo branco durante festas de dezembro: a propósito de um caso

El fósforo blanco es la forma más común del fósforo disponible. Es altamente reactivo y está presente en distintos productos químicos. En Colombia es utilizado en productos pirotécnicos. Cuando ocurre ingesta accidental o voluntaria, el principal riesgo es el hepático y renal, además de lesiones por quemaduras en piel y compromiso hemodinámico. Se describe el caso de una paciente de 10 meses, con ingesta accidental de "totes" de pólvora que no alcanzó a desarrollar falla hepática. Se utilizó N-Acetilcisteína para aumentar la síntesis de glutatión y evitar la progresión clínica.

White is the most common form of the available phosphorus. It is highly reactive and is present in different chemical products. In Colombia, it is used for the preparation of pyrotechnic products. When accidental or voluntary intake occurs, the main risks are hepatic and renal, in addition to injuries from skin burns and hemodynamic compromise. The article describes a case report of a 10-month-old patient who inadvertently ingested pyrotechnic powder, but failed to develop liver failure. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) was used to increase Glutathione synthesis and prevent clinical progression.

O fósforo branco é a forma mais comum do fósforo disponível. É altamente reativo e está presente em diferentes produtos químicos. Na Colômbia é utilizado em produtos pirotécnicos. Quando ocorre ingesta acidental ou voluntária, o principal risco é o hepático e renal, ademais de lesões por queimaduras na pele e compromisso hemodinâmico. Se descreve o caso de uma paciente de 10 meses, com ingesta acidental de "bolsas" de pólvora que não alcançou a desenvolver falha hepática. Se utilizou N-Acetilcisteína para aumentar a síntese de glutationa e evitar a progressão clínica.

Áreas exofocales de lesión a mediano y largo término post-isquemia cerebral / Exofocal areas of medium- and long-term injury after cerebral ischemia

La isquemia cerebral es el tipo de accidente cerebrovascular más común, generando altas tasas de mortalidad y morbilidad a nivel mundial. El entendimiento de la fisiopatología de la lesión cerebral ha requerido de la implementación de modelos experimentales que permitan evaluar los fenómenos celulares, sobre todo aquellos a largo plazo. Por tal razón, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar las áreas exofocales a un mes y cuatro meses post-isquemia cerebral en un modelo experimental. Ratas Wistar fueron sometidas a una isquemia focal transitoria (t-MCAo) y un grupo fueron sacrificados al mes y otro grupo a los cuatro meses post-isquemia para su posterior análisis histológico. Los cortes fueron teñidos con Nissl y se realizó inmunohistoquímica de la proteína Tau. Nuestros resultados muestran tres áreas de lesión exofocal tanto al mes como a los cuatro meses post-isquemia: el giro dentado, la amígdala y el tálamo. Estas regiones se han asociado al control emocional, lo cual sugiere que a largo término post-isquemia se tengan en cuenta hallazgos clínicos que evalúen cambios emocionales en los pacientes que han sufrido un evento isquémico cerebral.

Cerebral ischemia is the most common type of stroke, which generates high mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. The understanding of the pathophysiology of brain injury has required the implementation of experimental models that allow the evaluation of cellular phenomena, especially those in the long-term. For this reason, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the exofocal areas at one month and four months after cerebral ischemia. Wistar rats were subjected to transient focal ischemia (t-MCAo) and one group was sacrificed one month and another group at four months' post-ischemia for subsequent histological analysis. The cuts were stained with Nissl and immunohistochemistry of the Tau protein was performed. Our results show three areas of exofocal lesion both one month and four months' post-ischemia: the thalamus, the dentate gyrus, and the amygdala. These regions have been associated with emotional control, which suggests that in the long-term post-ischemia clinical findings that evaluate emotional changes in patients who have suffered a cerebral ischemic event should be considered.

Oxidative Stress Regulation on Endothelial Cells by Hydrophilic Astaxanthin Complex: Chemical, Biological, and Molecular Antioxidant Activity Evaluation.

An imbalance in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis is involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related diseases. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid with high antioxidant capacities, has been shown to prevent the first stages of oxidative stress. Here, we evaluate the antioxidant capacities of astaxanthin included within hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CD-A) to directly and indirectly reduce the induced ROS production. First, chemical methods were used to corroborate the preservation of astaxanthin antioxidant abilities after inclusion. Next, antioxidant scavenging properties of CD-A to inhibit the cellular and mitochondrial ROS by reducing the disturbance in the redox state of the cell and the infiltration of lipid peroxidation radicals were evaluated. Finally, the activation of endogenous antioxidant PTEN/AKT, Nrf2/HO-1, and NQOI gene and protein expression supported the protective effect of CD-A complex on human endothelial cells under stress conditions. Moreover, a nontoxic effect on HUVEC was registered after CD-A complex supplementation. The results reported here illustrate the need to continue exploring the interesting properties of this hydrophilic antioxidant complex to assist endogenous systems to counteract the ROS impact on the induction of cellular oxidative stress state.