Antiinflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of Salvia triloba extracts.

In continuation of our research on Salvia triloba, acute and chronic antiinflammatory and ulcerogenic activities of chloroform, ethanol, butanol and water extracts were detected at 25 mg/kg p.o. The chloroform extract showed the highest antiinflammatory activity in both acute and chronic models, while the ulcerogenic effects of all tested extracts were found to be less than that of acetyl salicylic acid.

Phytochemical studies and effect on urine volume of Glossostemon bruguieri Desf. constituents.

Two new flavonoids, takakin 7-O-glucoside (1) and (2) bucegin 7-O-glucoside, and six other known compounds (3-8), takakin, isosctullarien, its 7-O-glucoside, takakin 8-O-glucoside, xanthotoxin and esculetin, were separated and identified from Glossostemon bruguieri. The new compounds were characterized using modern spectroscopic techniques, including UV spectroscopy, proton nuclear resonance (1HNMR), carbon thirteen nuclear resonance (13CNMR), homomolecular quantum coherance (HMQC), heteromolecular bonding connectivity (HMBC) and chemical ionization mass spectra (CI). The effect on rats urine volume of the plant powder, its ethanolic extract, (500 mg kg(-1)) along with four of the purified compounds (1,4-6), (100 mg kg(-1)) are described. Eight groups of albino rats (200-300 g body weight) (n=5 for each group) were used in the tests for a one-time treatment, and other seven groups (150-180 g body weight) (n=5 for each group) were tested using the same dose with repeated administration for 15 days. The rat sera were collected and used to determine liver and kidney functions based on alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) for both single and repeated administration. Levels of urea, creatinine and uric acid were determined for both sets of experiments. The toxic effects of both the powder and its alcoholic extract were also studied on mice to determine their LD50, both materials proved to be non-toxic up to 2500 mg kg(-1) body weight.

Constituents from Salvia triloba.

Twelve hydrocarbons, four sterols, three triterpenes, nineteen fatty acids, two phenolic acids, and five flavonoids have been detected and identified in Salvia triloba. Among the isolated flavonoids, 8-methoxygenistein 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside (1), is reported for the first time.

Kaempferol triosides from Reseda muricata.

A flavonoid trioside and its coumaryl ester together with seven known flavonoids and five phenolic acids were isolated from the leaves of Reseda muricata. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including UV, FAB MS, 1H, 13C and 2D-NMR, DEPT, HMBC and HMQC experiments. The two compounds were identified as kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1''' --> 2'')-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1''' --> 2'')-O-alpha-L rhamnopyranoside 7-O-beta-D-(6''''-O-E-coumarylglucopyranoside), respectively.

Gallotannins and flavonoids from Haematoxylon campechianum.

Two new compounds, 2,6-bis-O-digalloyl-3-O-galloylglucose and 2-O-trigalloyl-1,3,4,6-tetrakis-O-galloylglucose, along with four known gallotannins, were isolated and identified from the leaves of Haematoxylon campechianum. In addition, four known flavonoid and three simple phenolic compounds were also detected.