Ethanolic extract of gabirobeira (Campomanesia adamantium) leaves reduces proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in vitro

Osteosarcoma is the most commonly diagnosed malignant bone tumor in humans, with a higher incidence in children and young people. It is highly aggressive and has a high metastatic potential. Its treatment is based on both chemotherapy and surgical intervention. However, currently used chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin, have several adverse effects on the patient. Therefore, there is a growing demand for new chemotherapeutic agents that stimulate new researches, such as those involving compounds extracted from plants, such as the gabirobeira. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of ethanolic extract, both crude and ethyl acetate, of gabirobeira leaves on osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the Trypan blue exclusion method and the IC50 values were calculated using the tetrazolium reduction method. The ethanolic extract of gabirobeira leaves showed a cytotoxic effect on osteosarcoma cells in vitro. The group treated with the crude extract at 1. 0& 956;L mL-1 concentration for 48 hours showed higher cytotoxicity and the lowest IC50 value for this extract was found in the 24 to 48 hours interval. The ethanolic extract of gabirobeira leaves is cytotoxic for osteosarcoma cells.

Toxicological analysis and antihyperalgesic, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory effects of Campomanesia adamantium fruit barks.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, antihyperalgesic, and antidepressive potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of Campomanesia adamantium fruit barks (CAE) on rodents and determines the safety of this plant. METHODS: The acute toxicity of CAE was evaluated by oral administration to female rats as single doses of 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg body weight. General behavior and toxic symptoms were observed for 14 days. In the subacute toxicity test, male and female rats received 125 or 250 mg/kg body weight of CAE for 28 days. The oral anti-inflammatory activity of CAE was evaluated in carrageenan-induced pleurisy in male mice. The effect of treatment with CAE (100 mg/kg) for 15 days was evaluated in mechanical hyperalgesia (electronic von Frey), depressive behavior (forced swimming test), and cold hypersensitivity in spared nerve injury (SNI) model in rats. RESULTS: No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in animals from the experimental groups during acute and subacute exposure to CAE. At pleurisy test, the oral administration of CAE significantly inhibited leukocyte migration and protein leakage at all doses tested when compared to control. Oral administration of CAE for 3-15 days significantly inhibited SNI-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and increased immobility in the forced swim test. Finally, on the 15th day, oral treatment with CAE prevented the increase in sensitivity to a cold stimulus induced by SNI. DISCUSSION: The present study shows that C. adamantium extract has anti-inflammatory, antihyperalgesic, and antidepressive properties in rodents without causing toxicity.

Rendimento, composição química e atividades antimicrobiana e antioxidante do óleo essencial de folhas de Campomanesia adamantium submetidas a diferentes métodos de secagem / Content, chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil from leaves of Campomanesia adamantium submitted to different drying methods

RESUMO Campomanesia adamantium é muito utilizada na medicina popular no tratamento de hipertensão, reumatismo e diabetes. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o rendimento, a composição química, e as atividades antimicrobiana e antioxidante do óleo essencial de folhas de C. adamantium submetidas a diferentes métodos e tempos de secagem. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com oito tratamentos e três repetições. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação das folhas e analisado por CG-EM. O tipo de secagem das folhas de C. adamantium influenciou no teor e na composição química do óleo essencial. Os constituintes espatulenol, óxido cariofileno e germacreno-B apresentaram maior concentração na maioria das procedências avaliadas. O óleo essencial das folhas de C. adamantium apresentou moderada atividade antibacteriana em relação a todos os micro-organismos testados. A atividade antioxidante se deu empregando-se o método de redução do radical estável DPPH, sendo observada fraca atividade antioxidante por meio do ensaio utilizado.

ABSTRACT C. adamantiumis widely used in popular medicine for thetreatment of hypertension, rheumatism and diabetes. This study looked to evaluate the essential oil yield, the chemical composition and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil from leaves of C. adamantium. A completely randomized design was used with eight treatments and three replications. The essential oil obtained by hydrodestillation of the leaves was analyzed by GC-MS. The results show that the drying type and the processing of the leaf influence the content and chemical composition of the essential oil. The compounds spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide and germacrene-B have higher concentrationsin mostorigins. The essentialoil from theleaves of C.adamantiumshowed moderate bacterial activityagainst all tested microorganisms. The antioxidant activity was determined by the methods of reduction of the DPPH stable radical. The antioxidant activity was weak in the test used.

Espaçamentos entre plantas e adição de cama-de-frango na produção de biomassa das plantas e na composição química dos frutos da Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess. ) O. Berg / Spacing between plants and addition of chicken manure in the biomass production of plants and in the chemical composition of fruits of Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess. ) O. Berg

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de espaçamentos entre plantas e o uso ou não de cama-de-frango semidecomposta incorporada ao solo na produção de biomassa das plantas e nos teores de fenóis, flavonóides e atividade antioxidante do extrato dos frutos da Campomanesia adamantium. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Horto de Plantas Medicinais - HPM, da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados/UFGD, em Dourados-MS. Foi estudada a C. adamantium com cinco espaçamentos entre plantas, na linha (0,30; 0,35; 0,40; 0,45 e 0,50 m) e sem, ou com, cama-de-frango semidecomposta incorporada ao solo na dose de 10 t ha-1. Os tratamentos foram arranjados como fatorial 5 x 2, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Aos 390 dias após o transplante as plantas possuíam 54,89 cm de altura, 10,01 mm de diâmetro de caule e 178,27 folhas por planta. Os diâmetros, longitudinal (17,34 mm) e transversal (18,07 mm), dos frutos não variaram com os espaçamentos e nem com o uso da cama-de-frango. O maior número de frutos (28,56 frutos planta-1) e a maior massa fresca dos frutos (83,65 g planta-1) foram das plantas cultivadas sob os espaçamentos de 0,32 m e 0,35 m entre plantas, respectivamente, independente do uso ou não da cama-de-frango. A cama-de-frango induziu aumento significativo no teor de fenóis e reduziu o teor de flavonóides e a atividade antioxidante da polpa dos frutos. A cama-de-frango não influenciou a produtividade da C. adamantium nem a composição química dos frutos. Recomenda-se o uso do espaçamento 0,35 m entre plantas e 1,50 m entre fileiras, com o objetivo de produção de frutos.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of five spacing between plants and the use or not of semi-decomposed chicken manure incorporated into the soil on the biomass production of plants and on the levels of phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the extract of C. adamantium fruits. The experiment was carried out in the Medicinal Plant Garden - HPM, of Federal University of Grande Dourados/UFGD, in Dourados-Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. C. adamantium was studied under five spacing between plants in a row (0.30; 0.35; 0.40; 0.45 and 0.50 m) and with and without semi-decomposed chicken manure incorporated in the soil, at a dose of 10 t ha-1. Treatments were arranged as 5 x 2 factorial, in randomized block design, with four replicates. At 390 days after transplanting, the plants had 54.89 cm height, 10.01 mm stem diameter and 178.27 leaves per plant. The longitudinal (17.34 mm) and transverse (18.07 mm) diameters of the fruits did not vary with the spacing or with the use of chicken manure. The largest number (28.56 fruits plant-1) and greatest fresh weight (83.65 g plant-1) of fruits were obtained for plants cultivated under spacing of 0.32 and 0.35 m between plants, respectively, independent of the use of chicken manure. The chicken manure induced a significant increase in phenol content and reduced flavonoid content and the antioxidant activity of the fruit pulp. The chicken manure did not influence the productivity of C. adamantium or the chemical composition of fruits. The use of spacing of 0.35 m between plants and 1.50 m between rows is recommended, with the aim of producing fruits.

Nitrogênio e fósforo no desenvolvimento inicial da guavira [Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess. ) O. Berg] cultivada em vasos / Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus supply on initial development of guavira [Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess. ) O. Berg] cultivated in pots

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial da guavira (Campomanesia adamantium) cultivada sob diferentes doses de fósforo e nitrogênio. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, em Dourados-MS. Foram estudadas cinco doses de fósforo (20, 120, 200, 280 e 380 kg ha-1), na forma de superfosfato simples e cinco doses de nitrogênio (6, 36, 60, 84 e 114 kg ha-1), na forma de sulfato de amônio. Os tratamentos foram definidos utilizando-se a matriz experimental Plan Puebla III, dando origem a nove combinações, respectivamente, de doses de fósforo e de nitrogênio (kg ha-1): 280 e 84; 280 e 36; 120 e 6; 120 e 36; 120 e 84; 200 e 60; 380 e 84, 20 e 36 e 280 e 114. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A unidade experimental foi composta por cinco vasos, com uma planta por vaso. A colheita das plantas foi feita aos 270 dias após o transplante (DAT). Sob as maiores doses de P e N utilizadas observaram-se as maiores alturas de plantas (38,12 cm), aos 261 DAT; o maior número de folhas por planta (54), aos 186 DAT; a maior massa seca de folhas (5,68 g planta-1), a maior área foliar (610 cm² planta-1), a maior massa seca de raiz (6,2 g planta-1) e o maior número de ramos (3 planta-1) aos 270 DAT. O teor de clorofila foi em média de 36 ICF. Recomenda-se o uso de 380 kg ha-1 de fósforo e de 114 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio para o melhor desenvolvimento inicial da guavira.

The aim of this trial was to evaluate the initial development of Campomanesia adamantium grown under different phosphorus and nitrogen rates. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados-MS. It was studied five phosphorus rates (20, 120, 200, 280 and 380 kg ha-1) in the form of superphosphate and five nitrogen rates (6, 36, 60, 84 and 114 kg ha-1) in the form of ammonium sulfate. Treatments were defined using the Plan Puebla experimental matrix, resulting in nine combinations, respectively, of phosphorus and nitrogen (kg ha-1): 280 and 84, 280 and 36, 120 and 6, 120 and 36, 120 and 84, 200 and 60, 380 and 84, 20 and 36 and 280 and 114. The experimental design was randomized block with four replications. Experimental unit consisted of five vessels, with one plant per pot. The trial harvest was carried out 270 days after transplanting (DAT). Highest rates of N and P resulted on the greatest plant height (38.12 cm) reached after 261 DAT, maximum number of leaves per plant (54) at 186 DAT, highest dry weight of leaves (13.99 and 5.68 g plant-1) and root (15.9 and 6.2 g plant-1), greatest leaf area (610 cm² plant-1) and number of branches (3 planta-1), all at 270 DAT. The average of Chlorophyll levels was 36 ICF. Thus, it's recommend the supply of high doses of phosphorus (380 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (114 kg ha-1) for guavira cultivation.

Influência da variação sazonal nos teores de flavonóides e atividade antioxidante das folhas de Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg, Myrtaceae / The Influence of seasonal variation in levels of flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the leaves of Campomanesia adamantium

Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg, Myrtaceae, é uma espécie nativa. As folhas são utilizadas na medicina popular. Os extratos hexânico e acetato de etila das folhas mostraram pouca variação na sua composição química em diferentes estações do ano associado com o desenvolvimento do vegetal, enquanto o extrato etanólico mostrou alteração significativa em relação à composição química. Todos os extratos etanólicos mostraram alta atividade antioxidante frente ao método DPPH e de moderada a alta para β-caroteno/ácido linoléico.

Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg, Myrtaceae, is a native species. The extracts of ethyl acetate and hexane showed little variation in their chemical composition at different seasons of the year associated with the development of the plant, while the ethanol extract showed significant change in relationship to chemical composition. All ethanol extracts showed high antioxidant activity against DPPH method and from moderate to high antioxidant activity for β-carotene/linoleic acid.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg (Guavira) / Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas (CG-EM) e avaliação da atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg (guavira)

The essential oils from Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg leaves, collected in the reproductive (flowering and fruit-bearing) and vegetative stages, were characterized by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). A total of 95 compounds of the essential oils were identified. In the reproductive stage (flowering) the major constituents were monoterpenes (limonene, α-pinene and β-pinene) while during the vegetative stage the major constituents were the sesquiterpenes (bicyclogermacrene and globulol). The essential oil of the reproductive stage shows high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, and all show moderate activity against Escherichia coli. The essential oils were also evaluated for their radical-scavenging activity by DPPH. The chemogeographical variations of the oil composition from the four distinct localities studied all contained α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, linalool, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D and bicyclogermacrene, however the samples from Jardim city contained neither limonene nor linalool.

Os óleos essenciais obtidos das folhas de Campomanesia adamantium foram caracterizados através da combinação de CG-EM e índice de retenção, sendo identificado um total de 95 compostos. Na floração as substâncias majoritárias foram monoterpenos (limoneno, α-pineno e β-pineno) e durante o estágio vegetativo as substâncias majoritárias foram sesquiterpenos (biciclogermacreno e globulol). Os óleos essenciais obtidos da floração e frutificação mostraram alta atividade contra Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Candida albicans e moderada contra Escherichia coli em todos os estágios. Foi avaliada a atividade antioxidante dos óleos essenciais usando o método do DPPH. O óleo essencial das 4 cidades mostrou a presença de α-pineno, β-pineno, limoneno, linalol, β-cariofileno, germacreno D e biciclogermacreno, mas a amostra da cidade de Jardim não apresentou limoneno e linalol.