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1.
Ultrason Sonochem ; 95: 106413, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37088026

RESUMO

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are being used for probiotic and starter cultures to prevent global damage to microbial cells. To retain the benefits of LAB in the commercially used powdered form, highly efficient cryoprotective agents are required during the manufacturing process. This study suggests a novel cryoprotective agent derived from Jerusalem artichoke (JA; Helianthus tuberous L.) and describes the mechanism of cryoprotective effect improvement by sonication treatment. The cryoprotective effect of JA extract was verified by examining the viability of Leuconostoc mesenteroides WiKim33 after freeze-drying (FD). Sonication of JA extract improved the cryoprotective effect. Sonication reduced fructose and glucose contents, which increased the induction of critical damage during FD by 15.84% and 46.81%, respectively. The cryoprotective effects of JA and sonication-treated JA extracts were determined using the viable cell count of Leu. mesenteroides WiKim33. Immediately after FD and storage for 24 weeks, the viability of Leu. mesenteroides WiKim33 with JA extract was 82.8% and 76.3%, respectively, while that of the sonication-treated JA extract was 95.2% and 88.8%, respectively. Our results show that reduction in specific monosaccharides was correlated with improved cryoprotective effect. This study adopted sonication as a novel treatment for improving the cryoprotective effect and verified its efficiency.


Assuntos
Helianthus , Lactobacillales , Leuconostoc mesenteroides , Crioprotetores , Helianthus/química , Monossacarídeos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia
2.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) ; 107(3): 920-927, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36245301

RESUMO

This study aimed to examine the impact of the Jerusalem Artichoke extract (JAEx) as a feed additive on the performance, blood biochemistry, antioxidant indices, immunity, and intestinal microbiota in growing Japanese quails. In total, 270 birds were randomly divided into three groups, with six replicates of 15 birds each. The first group was fed a control diet without JAEx. The second and third groups received the control diet plus 200 and 400 ppm JAEx, respectively. The groups fed the diet containing 200 and 400 ppm JAEx had the best body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, and faster growth rate with the best performance index, compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The control quails had a lower feed intake than the JAEx-treated quails. The groups fed JAEx 200 and 400 ppm had the lowest lipid profile, blood glucose, liver enzymes, Salmonella and Escherichia coli population and the highest antioxidant indices, immune responses and Lactobacilli population number compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of JAEx at 400 ppm followed by 200 ppm improved the productive performance, antioxidant capacity, blood biochemical and immunological indices, and intestinal microbiota in growing Japanese quails.


Assuntos
Coturnix , Helianthus , Animais , Coturnix/fisiologia , Antioxidantes , Suplementos Nutricionais , Codorniz , Dieta/veterinária , Peso Corporal , Imunidade , Ração Animal/análise
3.
Nat Prod Res ; 36(4): 1009-1013, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33111556

RESUMO

The main targets of this work were to evaluate the antioxidative properties of flavonoids in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) leaves and quantitatively determine their contents. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and hydroxyl free radicals scavenging assays were performed to determine their antioxidative capacities. The validated ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) method was subsequently applied to the quality evaluation of eleven batches of Jerusalem artichoke leaves grown in different habitats at different harvesting time. Results indicated that two flavonoids isolated from Jerusalem artichoke leaves showed stronger antioxidant effects than the positive control, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). And the total contents of the two flavonoids in the Jerusalem artichoke leaves of flowering stage from Dalian, Liaoning Province, China, were the highest, their contents varied significantly depending on region and harvesting time. This study indicated that the leaves of Jerusalem artichoke possessed excellent antioxidant properties, highlighting their candidacy as natural antioxidants, which could be utilized therapeutically to protect the body from diseases caused by oxidative stress.


Assuntos
Helianthus , Antioxidantes/química , Flavonoides/química , Helianthus/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química
4.
Glycoconj J ; 38(5): 599-607, 2021 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34313918

RESUMO

An inulin polysaccharide with a molecular weight of ~ 2600 Da was derived from Jerusalem artichoke tubers and referred to as "JAP". Previous studies have shown that inulin can improve glucose tolerance and the liver lipid profile; however, its antitumor activity remains to be examined in detail. Therefore, to investigate the possible improvement of the antitumor activity of JAP, a novel nanostructured biomaterial was constructed by capping Se nanoparticles with JAP using sodium selenite, via a redox reaction with ascorbic acid, and referred to as "JAP-SeNPs". Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the average diameter of JAP-SeNPs is ~ 50 nm, and the C:Se mass ratio in JAP-SeNPs was found to be 15.4:1 by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The well-dispersed JAP-SeNPs exhibited a significant in vitro antiproliferative effect on mouse forestomach carcinoma cells at a concentration of 400 µg/mL when incubated for 48 h, with an inhibition rate of 41.5%. Moreover, 38.9% of later apoptotic cells were observed. These results reveal that a combination of Se and JAP can effectively enhance the antitumor activity of polysaccharides obtained from Jerusalem artichoke tubers.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Carcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Helianthus/química , Inulina/química , Nanopartículas/química , Tubérculos/química , Selênio/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular , Camundongos , Neoplasias Gástricas
5.
Vet World ; 14(5): 1290-1298, 2021 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34220133

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Recently, many medicinal plants have received considerable attention in the medical field because of their role in the wound healing potential. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of H. tuberosus powder on the healing pathway of full-thickness cutaneous wounds in a mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: H. tuberosus powder was prepared by a freeze-drying process using a lyophilizer and its active ingredients were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while its antibacterial properties were evaluated by agar well diffusion assay. The percentage wound contraction was also assessed. Thirty mice were used, which were divided equally into two groups, a control group and a treated group. A full-thickness wound, 1 cm×1 cm in size, was established on the dorsal aspect of the thoracolumbar region, into which H. tuberosus powder was topically applied in the treated group. In contrast, the control group was left without any treatment. The animals were euthanized on days 7, 14, and 21 after wounding for histopathological study. RESULTS: The agar well diffusion method indicated the antibacterial activity of H. tuberosus, while the HPLC results indicated that the active ingredients of H. tuberosus powder mainly consisted of three major kinds of fatty acid. In addition, the macroscopic results of wound contraction rate and the histopathological outcomes of the healing process were significantly (p≤0.05) enhanced in the treated group compared with those in the control group. CONCLUSION: H. tuberosus powder acts as an antibacterial agent with the ability to enhance the wound healing process.

6.
Polymers (Basel) ; 14(1)2021 Dec 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35012158

RESUMO

One of the major challenges in PHA biotechnology is optimization of biotechnological processes of the entire synthesis, mainly by using new inexpensive carbon substrates. A promising substrate for PHA synthesis may be the sugars extracted from the Jerusalem artichoke. In the present study, hydrolysates of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) tubers and vegetative biomass were produced and used as carbon substrate for PHA synthesis. The hydrolysis procedure (the combination of aqueous extraction and acid hydrolysis, process temperature and duration) influenced the content of reducing substances (RS), monosaccharide contents, and the fructose/glucose ratio. All types of hydrolysates tested as substrates for cultivation of three strains-C. necator B-10646 and R. eutropha B 5786 and B 8562-were suitable for PHA synthesis, producing different biomass concentrations and polymer contents. The most productive process, conducted in 12-L fermenters, was achieved on hydrolysates of JA tubers (X = 66.9 g/L, 82% PHA) and vegetative biomass (55.1 g/L and 62% PHA) produced by aqueous extraction of sugars at 80 °C followed by acid hydrolysis at 60 °C, using the most productive strain, C. necator B-10646. The effects of JA hydrolysates on physicochemical properties of PHAs were studied for the first time. P(3HB) specimens synthesized from the JA hydrolysates, regardless of the source (tubers or vegetative biomass), hydrolysis conditions, and PHA producing strain employed, exhibited the 100-120 °C difference between the Tmelt and Tdegr, prevailing of the crystalline phase over the amorphous one (Cx between 69 and 75%), and variations in weight average molecular weight (409-480) kDa. Supplementation of the culture medium of C. necator B-10646 grown on JA hydrolysates with potassium valerate and ε-caprolactone resulted in the synthesis of P(3HB-co-3HV) and P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymers that had decreased degrees of crystallinity and molecular weights, which influenced the porosity and surface roughness of polymer films prepared from them. The study shows that JA hydrolysates used as carbon source enabled productive synthesis of PHAs, comparable to synthesis from pure sugars. The next step is to scale up PHA synthesis from JA hydrolysates and conduct the feasibility study. The present study contributes to the solution of the critical problem of PHA biotechnology-finding widely available and inexpensive substrates.

7.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) ; 66(4): 160-177, 2020 Jun 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32583794

RESUMO

Identifying the nutritional and health properties of Helianthus tuberosus, and learning more about this valuable species. It is believed that increased consumption of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) products is related to low blood pressure. One of many questions to answer is whether supplementation of inulin and inulin derivatives obtained from Helianthus tuberosus tubers and aerial parts can be used as antidiabetic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-fungistatic, anti-constipation, body mass-reducing, metabolism-improving agents. We ran a search in Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Agricola, EBSCO - Food Science Source, Europe PMC, PBL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials until March 2020. We also browsed reference lists of articles and previous reviews. No language limitations were applied. Jerusalem artichoke (JA) has multiple applications thanks to its rich chemical composition, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, as: functional food, bioactive ingredient, raw material for the production of ethanol and butanol, succinic, citric and lactic acid. It can be used in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry, because it contains anti-fungistatic, anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant components, and the production of the raw material is easy and inexpensive. It also lowers high cholesterol, triglycerides and high glucose levels; facilitates weight loss; detoxes the organism (e.g. alcohol, heavy metals, radionuclides); lowers uric acid levels; has immunostimulating properties; protects the gastric mucosa, prevents constipation; prevents acne; improves metabolism in lipid disorders; reduces body mass; has cytotoxic properties in breast cancer. It also helps in cardiovascular diseases, chronic infectious diseases; chronic fatigue syndrome; gut flora disorders; immune system disorders. A number of Jerusalem artichoke-derived products were discussed.


Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Helianthus/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Alimentos , Helianthus/classificação , Humanos , Minerais/análise , Tubérculos/química
8.
Molecules ; 24(18)2019 Sep 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31510058

RESUMO

Phenolic acids including chlorogenic acids are major polyphenolic compounds found in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.). The plant itself is an emerging biorefinery crop due to the inulin-rich tubers, a bioethanol feedstock, but the aerial parts represent a rich source of bioactive compounds. We have determined the level of major phenolic acids in extracts of four plant organs: tuber, leaf, flower, and stem. Employing three heating conditions (20 °C, 60 °C, and microwaving), corrected total phenolic content (TPC) was highest in the leaves (4.5-5.7 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1 dry substance), followed by flower (2.1-2.9), tuber (0.9-1.4), and lowest in stem extracts (0.1-0.2). A previously overlooked interference of the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, namely a signal contribution from ascorbic acid, caused overestimation of TPC in various organs ranging from 65% to 94%. Radical scavenging activity of extracts correlated significantly with TPC, both on corrected (R2 = 0.841) and uncorrected (R2 = 0.884) values. Out of the identified phenolic acids determined by quantitative HPLC-UV analysis, chlorogenic and dicaffeoylquinic acids accounted for 72-82% of corrected TPC in leaf and tuber extracts. Optimization of leaf extraction was tested in a 23-factorial Central Composite Face (CCF) design. Temperature was the most important model term, and a solvent strength of less than 50% ethanol promoted the highest TPC yields. Further developments in extraction processing of crop residues may open avenues for improving the utilization of Jerusalem artichoke in valuable products.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Helianthus/química , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacologia , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Tubérculos/química , Solventes/química , Temperatura
9.
Molecules ; 24(9)2019 04 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31035438

RESUMO

Jerusalem artichoke is an important natural matrix for inulin production. In this experiment, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the spray-drying parameters in order to determine the maximal inulin yield. For this study, three independent variables (heating temperature (Tª, 110-120 °C), creep speed (V, 18-22 rpm) and pressure (P, 0.02-0.04 MPa)) were used in the experimental design. Using the Box-Behnken design, the optimal parameters obtained were: drying temperature 114.6 °C, creep speed 20.02 rpm, and pressure: 0.03 MPa. The inulin yield, water content and particle size of inulin obtained by spray-drying and freeze-drying were compared. In this regard, the spray-dried inulin consisted of a white powder having a fine particle size, and the freeze-dried inulin had a pale-yellow fluffy floc. On the other hand, the drying methods had a great influence on the appearance and internal structure of inulin powder, since the spray-dried inulin had a complete and uniform shape and size, whereas the freeze-dried inulin had a flocculated sheet structure. The analysis showed that the spray-drying led to a higher inulin yield, lower water content and better surface structure than freeze-drying.


Assuntos
Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Helianthus/química , Inulina/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Liofilização/métodos , Inulina/ultraestrutura , Pós
10.
Molecules ; 24(3)2019 Feb 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30717478

RESUMO

Jerusalem artichoke is widely used as raw material for industrial production of inulin. Pressing (compression) and diffusion are two effective technologies for bio-compounds' recovery from plants. In this work, pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment at 400, 600, and 800 V/cm during 100 ms was applied to facilitate juice and solutes recovery from Jerusalem artichoke. The application of PEF led to electroporation of cell membranes and enhanced the tissue compression/juice expression and solutes diffusion. The consolidation coefficient (calculated by application of semi-empirical model) of PEF treated sample at 800 V/cm was 6.50 × 10-7 m²/s, which is significantly higher than that of untreated sample (5.02 × 10-9 m²/s) and close to that of freeze-thawed sample. Diffusion experiments with PEF treated samples were carried out at 25, 50, and 75 °C. A PEF treatment of Jerusalem artichoke at 800 V/cm led to a similar diffusion behavior at 25 °C, compared to diffusion behavior obtained from untreated sample at 75 °C.


Assuntos
Eletricidade , Helianthus/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Pressão , Algoritmos , Difusão , Modelos Teóricos
11.
Nat Prod Res ; 33(4): 584-588, 2019 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29117735

RESUMO

Jerusalem artichoke (JA, Helianthus tuberosus L.) has been researched extensively due to its wide range of uses, but there are limited studies on its flowers. In this study, we report the first detailed phytochemical study on JA flowers, which yielded 21 compounds. Compound 4 was identified as a major water-soluble yellow pigment of JA flowers. In addition, the methanol extract of JA flowers and the isolates were evaluated for their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Among the tested compounds, compound 13 showed the strongest ABTS+ free radical scavenging activity with SC50 value of 2.30 ± 0.13 µg/mL, and compound 6 showed most potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with inhibition rate of 60.0% ± 10.3% at a concentration of 250 µg/mL. Results showed that methanol extract of JA flowers exhibited antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities which could be attributed to its phenolic ingredients including chlorogenic acid derivatives, flavonoids and phenols.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Flores/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/isolamento & purificação , Helianthus/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/química , Ácido Clorogênico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Clorogênico/análise , Flavonoides/análise , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/análise , alfa-Glucosidases
12.
Lipids Health Dis ; 17(1): 280, 2018 Dec 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30537971

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Extracts from plants, rich in antioxidants may be used as active ingredients of many preparations, mainly due to their antioxidant, regenerative and anti-aging properties. The work involved a comprehensive evaluation of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) leaf and tuber extract as a multifunctional raw material. METHODS: The plant extracts were prepared by using ultrasound-assisted extraction method (UAE).The content of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds of extracts were determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminium nitrate nonahydrate, respectively. Antioxidant activity of extract was analyzed using DPPH free radical scavenging assay and the effect of the investigated extracts on the proliferation of keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (BJ) was measured. To detect of intracellular reactive oxygen species level in tested cells, the fluorogenic dye H2DCFDA was used. In the next step, the ability of obtained extracts to regulate the expression of genes (SOD-1, Nox-4) involved in oxidative stress in cells was evaluated. RESULTS: As a result of the conducted research, it was shown that leaf extract exhibit a higher content of phenols and flavonoids comparing to tuber extracts (5.07 and 7.14 fold higher, respectively). The opposite trend was observed after proliferation assay with Neutral Red test. It was shown that tuber extract in all applied concentrations (25-500 µg·ml- 1) had a positive effect on fibroblast growth. The leaf extract showed proliferative activity only for the smallest tested concentrations (25-100 µg·ml- 1). Similar trends were observed for HaCaT cells. The distinct effect of leaves and tuber extract on the generation of ROS was observed in HaCaT cells. In the present study, it was shown that tuber and leaf extracts may increase the expression of the ROS SOD-1 inactivating enzyme gene in the fibroblast cell line. There were no significant differences in gene expression of the ROS Nox-4 producing enzyme. In the case of keratinocytes, the opposite effect was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggest that Jerusalem artichoke leaves and tubers extracts affect the cell proliferation and can alter the expression of genes related to oxidative stress.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Helianthus/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , NADPH Oxidase 4/genética , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Tubérculos/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Superóxido Dismutase-1/genética
13.
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol ; 44(7): 1107-1113, 2017 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28315963

RESUMO

A Bacillus sp. strain named BRC1 is capable of producing 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) using hydrolysates of the Jerusalem artichoke tuber (JAT), a rich source of the fructose polymer inulin. To enhance 2,3-BD production, we undertook an extensive analysis of the Bacillus sp. BRC1 genome, identifying a putative gene (sacC) encoding a fructan hydrolysis enzyme and characterizing the activity of the resulting recombinant protein expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli. Introduction of the sacC gene into Bacillus sp. BRC1 using an expression vector increased enzymatic activity more than twofold. Consistent with this increased enzyme expression, 2,3-BD production from JAT was also increased from 3.98 to 8.10 g L-1. Fed-batch fermentation of the recombinant strain produced a maximal level of 2,3-BD production of 28.6 g L-1, showing a high theoretical yield of 92.3%.


Assuntos
Bacillus/genética , Butileno Glicóis/metabolismo , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Helianthus/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Tubérculos/química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Bacillus/enzimologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultura Celular por Lotes , Clonagem Molecular , Escherichia coli/genética , Genes Bacterianos , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/genética , Inulina/metabolismo , Plasmídeos/genética , Plasmídeos/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes
14.
J Agric Food Chem ; 64(49): 9317-9325, 2016 Dec 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27960291

RESUMO

The interaction between macrophages and adipocytes is known to aggravate inflammation of the adipose tissue, leading to decreased insulin sensitivity. Hence, attenuation of the inflammatory paracrine loop between macrophages and adipocytes is deemed essential to ameliorate insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus type 2. Methyl 2-(4'-methoxy-4'-oxobutanamide) benzoate (compound 1), a newly isolated compound from Jerusalem srtichoke (JA), has not been biologically characterized yet. Here, we investigated whether JA-derived compound 1 attenuates the inflammatory cycle between RAW 264.7 macrophages and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Compound 1 suppressed the inflammatory response of RAW 264.7 cells to lipopolysaccharide through decreased secretion of IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α. Moreover, the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, MCP-1, and Rantes and MAPK pathway activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, incubated in macrophage-conditioned media, were inhibited. These findings suggest an anti-inflammatory effect of a newly extracted compound against adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance.


Assuntos
Adipócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Benzoatos/farmacologia , Helianthus/química , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Células 3T3-L1 , Adipócitos/imunologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/imunologia , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia
15.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-138391

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Jerusalem artichoke has inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and decreases fasting serum glucose levels, which may be related to its fructan content. The biological activity of fructan can be influenced by the degree of polymerization. Thus, in this study, the inhibitory effects of original and fermented purple Jerusalem artichoke (PJA) on α-glucosidase were compared in vitro. Additionally, the anti-diabetes effect of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented PJA (LJA) was studied in a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus animal model (C57BIKsJ db/db). MATERIALS/METHODS: The water extract of PJA was fermented by L. plantarum, and two strains of Bacillus subtilis to compare their anti-α-glucosidase activities in vitro by α-glucosidase assays. The anti-diabetes effect of LJA was studied in a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus animal model (C57BIKsJ db/db) for seven weeks. During the experiment, food intake, body weight, and fasting blood glucose were measured every week. At the end of the treatment period, several diabetic parameters and the intestinal α-glucosidase activity were measured. RESULTS: The LJA showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. In the in vivo study, it resulted in a significantly lower blood glucose concentration than the control. Serum insulin and HDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher and the concentrations of triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, and total cholesterol were significant lower in mice treated with LJA after seven weeks. In addition, the intestinal α-glucosidase activity was partially inhibited. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that LJA regulates blood glucose and has potential use as a dietary supplement.


Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Bacillus subtilis , Glicemia , Peso Corporal , Colesterol , HDL-Colesterol , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ingestão de Alimentos , Jejum , Ácidos Graxos , Fermentação , Helianthus , Técnicas In Vitro , Insulina , Lactobacillus , Lactobacillus plantarum , Modelos Animais , Polimerização , Polímeros , Triglicerídeos , Água
16.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-138390

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Jerusalem artichoke has inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and decreases fasting serum glucose levels, which may be related to its fructan content. The biological activity of fructan can be influenced by the degree of polymerization. Thus, in this study, the inhibitory effects of original and fermented purple Jerusalem artichoke (PJA) on α-glucosidase were compared in vitro. Additionally, the anti-diabetes effect of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented PJA (LJA) was studied in a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus animal model (C57BIKsJ db/db). MATERIALS/METHODS: The water extract of PJA was fermented by L. plantarum, and two strains of Bacillus subtilis to compare their anti-α-glucosidase activities in vitro by α-glucosidase assays. The anti-diabetes effect of LJA was studied in a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus animal model (C57BIKsJ db/db) for seven weeks. During the experiment, food intake, body weight, and fasting blood glucose were measured every week. At the end of the treatment period, several diabetic parameters and the intestinal α-glucosidase activity were measured. RESULTS: The LJA showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. In the in vivo study, it resulted in a significantly lower blood glucose concentration than the control. Serum insulin and HDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher and the concentrations of triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, and total cholesterol were significant lower in mice treated with LJA after seven weeks. In addition, the intestinal α-glucosidase activity was partially inhibited. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that LJA regulates blood glucose and has potential use as a dietary supplement.


Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Bacillus subtilis , Glicemia , Peso Corporal , Colesterol , HDL-Colesterol , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ingestão de Alimentos , Jejum , Ácidos Graxos , Fermentação , Helianthus , Técnicas In Vitro , Insulina , Lactobacillus , Lactobacillus plantarum , Modelos Animais , Polimerização , Polímeros , Triglicerídeos , Água
17.
Food Chem ; 177: 81-8, 2015 Jun 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25660861

RESUMO

This study considers the use of dry Jerusalem artichoke (JA) as a functional nutrient in developing food products with enhanced nutritional characteristics and low glycaemic index (GI). Three different formulations based on buckwheat and JA were developed and processed using extrusion technology. Nutritional properties including the levels of total dietary fibre (TDF), protein, inulin, total carbohydrates and lipids were analysed. A clinical study was performed on ten healthy volunteers (aged between 21 and 56) to determine the level of GI and glycaemic load (GL). The results revealed that JA significantly (P<0.05) increased the levels of TDF and inulin whilst decreasing carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. The resulting products had a significant (P<0.05) effect on IAUC between reference food and extruded products, GI and GL. Samples containing 80% of Jerusalem artichoke were considered as a low GI food whilst samples containing 30% and 60% of Jerusalem artichoke as a medium GI food. A similar trend was seen in terms of GL.


Assuntos
Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Helianthus/química , Glicemia/metabolismo , Carboidratos da Dieta/análise , Carboidratos da Dieta/metabolismo , Fibras na Dieta/análise , Fibras na Dieta/metabolismo , Fagopyrum/química , Farinha/análise , Índice Glicêmico , Helianthus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Helianthus/metabolismo , Inulina/metabolismo
18.
J Sci Food Agric ; 95(8): 1689-96, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25123678

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Many studies have been conducted using purified prebiotics such as inulin or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) as nutraceuticals, but there is very little information available on the prebiotic potential of raw products rich in inulin and FOS, such as Jerusalem artichoke (JA; Helianthus tuberosus L.). The present experiment aimed to evaluate the prebiotic effects of JA tubers in rats. RESULTS: Seventy-two Wistar weanling rats divided into four groups were fed for 12 weeks on a basal diet fortified with pulverized JA tubers at 0 (control), 20, 40 and 60 g kg(-1) levels. Enhanced cell-mediated immunity in terms of skin indurations (P = 0.082) and CD4+ T-lymphocyte population (P = 0.002) was observed in the JA-supplemented groups compared with the control group. Blood haemoglobin (P = 0.017), glucose (P = 0.001), urea (P = 0.004) and calcium (P = 0.048) varied favourably upon inclusion of JA. An increasing trend (P = 0.059) in the length of large intestine was apparent in the JA-fed groups. The tissue mass of caecum (P = 0.069) and colon (P = 0.003) was increased in the JA-supplemented groups, accompanied by higher (P = 0.007) caecal crypt depth. The pH and ammonia concentrations of intestinal digesta decreased and those of lactate and total volatile fatty acids increased in the JA-fed groups. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that JA had beneficial effects on immunity, blood metabolites, intestinal morphometry and hindgut fermentation of rats.


Assuntos
Fermentação , Helianthus/química , Imunidade , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Intestinos/anatomia & histologia , Prebióticos , Animais , Glicemia/análise , Cálcio/sangue , Dieta , Hemoglobinas/análise , Imunidade Celular , Tubérculos/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Ureia/sangue
19.
Journal of Korean Diabetes ; : 227-231, 2014.
Artigo em Coreano | WPRIM | ID: wpr-726995

RESUMO

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is hot topic recently because its tubers have been introduced as a beneficial food for decreasing glucose level. Therefore, this study focuses on providing accurate information about Jerusalem artichoke, its contents, and the effective way for diabetic patients to intake it. The dietary fiber inulin is a considerable component in Jerusalem artichoke compared to other foods. It is indigestible by human enzymes and passes through much of the digestive system intact. Therefore it delays sharp increases of the glycemic index. Also, inulin is a soluble fiber able to increase bowel activity and the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria among other benefits. However, consumption of large quantities of inulin can lead to bloating and nutritional disorders. It is necessary to intake only a suitable amount. Jerusalem artichoke contains more soluble fiber than potato but is similar to potato in other components. Therefore, it is recommended to consider carbohydrate amount when replacing the usual menu. Using Jerusalem artichoke tuber powder as a cornstarch substitute in cooking helps reduce rise of the glycemic index. It is useful to control blood sugar with not only diet, regular exercise, and medicinal treatments, but also with exact knowledge of food and the proper way to effectively intake it.


Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Bactérias , Glicemia , Culinária , Dieta , Fibras na Dieta , Sistema Digestório , Glucose , Índice Glicêmico , Helianthus , Inulina , Distúrbios Nutricionais , Solanum tuberosum , Amido
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