Secondary metabolites from the mangrove sediment-derived fungus Penicillium pinophilum SCAU037.

Five new funicone derivatives, pinophilones A-E (1a/1b and 2-4), along with 18 biosynthetically related known analogues (5-22), were obtained from the culture of a mangrove sediment-derived fungus Penicillium pinophilum SCAU037. Their structures were established by analysis of 1D/2D NMR and MS data, while the absolute configurations of the new compounds were determined by ECD calculation based on time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The dihydrofuran moiety in 1a and 1b was first reported for funicone derivatives. Compound 22 exhibited antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Staphylococcus aureus with IC50 of 23.5 and 2.6 µM, respectively, while 16, 18 and 22 showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 of 51.9, 78.4 and 33.8 µM, respectively.