Health promotion roles shaped by professional identity: an ethnographic study in the Netherlands.

How frontline care professionals interpret and fulfill their health promotion roles is of great importance for the health of the vulnerable clients they work with. While the literature on health promotion is limited to describing the roles of healthcare professionals, this study examines the health promotion roles held by various frontline professionals when working with clients with combined psychosocial problems and how this is associated with professional identity. Based on ethnographic data from Dutch frontline professionals in social welfare, general healthcare and mental healthcare, this article shows how various frontline professionals promote health by reframing and customizing health problems and that this is associated with how they identify as pragmatic or holistic professionals.

O papel do CAPS I na vida de seus usuários: um estudo a partir dos itinerários terapêuticos / The role of CAPS I in the lives of its users: a study based on therapeutic itineraries / El papel del CAPS I en la vida de sus usuarios: un estudio basado en itinerarios terapéuticos

Este artigo buscou compreender, a partir do itinerário terapêutico de pessoas em sofrimento psíquico e egressas de internação psiquiátrica, a inserção do centro de atenção psicossocial como equipamento de cuidado em suas trajetórias. Trata-se de estudo inspirado na Epistemologia Qualitativa de Gonzalez Rey no qual foram realizadas entrevistas com seis pessoas, de 27 a 52 anos, em tratamento em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial tipo 1, e para análise do material transcrito foram adotados procedimentos inspirados no conceito de indicadores de González Rey e na análise temática de conteúdo. Neste artigo, foram discutidas duas categorias: (1) "O manicômio está presente" e (2) "CAPS: espaço de convivência e substituto da vida social?". Os indicadores apontaram que a internação psiquiátrica foi um recurso utilizado após inserção em CAPS, o qual é destacado mais como local de convívio do que de produção de autonomia e de desinstitucionalização. No percurso dos usuários, as internações ocorreram em hospitais gerais, hospitais especializados e comunidades terapêuticas. Os serviços de atenção primária não aparecem como ponto de cuidado à saúde mental, os serviços de urgência estão presentes na atenção às crises, dando ao CAPS contornos de um serviço para a convivência e não para o cuidado na crise. (AU)

Based on the therapeutic itinerary of individuals experiencing psychic distress and who have undergone psychiatric hospitalization, this study aimed to comprehend the integration of the Center of Psychosocial Attention as a care facility along their path. The study is inspired by Gonzalez Rey's Qualitative Epistemology, in which interviews were conducted with six individuals aged between 27 and 52, receiving treatment at a type 1 Center of Psychosocial Attention. Procedures inspired by González Rey's concept of indicators and thematic content analysis were employed to analyze the transcribed material. This paper will discuss two categories: (1) "The presence of the psychiatric hospital," and (2) "CAPS: A space for interaction and a substitute for social life?" The indicators reveal that psychiatric hospitalization was resorted to after involvement with CAPS, which is perceived more as a space for coexis-tence than for fostering autonomy and deinstitutionalization. As per the users' itineraries, hospitalizations occurred in general hospitals, specialized hospitals, and therapeutic communities. Primary care services do not emerge as a focal point for mental health care, whereas emergency services are present for crisis intervention, portraying CAPS as a service more geared towards coexistence rather than crisis management.

Este artículo buscó comprender, a partir del itinerario terapéutico de las personas en distrés psicológico y las dadas de alta de hospitalización psiqui-átrica, la inserción del centro de atención psicosocial como equipamiento de atención en sus trayectorias. Se trata de un estudio inspirado en la Epistemo-logía Cualitativa de González Rey, en el que se realizaron entrevistas a seis personas, de 27 a 52 años, en tratamiento en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial tipo 1 y para el análisis del material transcrito, procedimientos inspirados por el concepto de indicadores de González Rey y el análisis de contenido temático. En este artículo se discutirán dos categorías: (1) "Está presente el asilo" y (2) ¿"CAPS: espacio de convivencia y sustituto de la vida social?". Los indicadores señalaron que la hospitalización psiquiátrica fue un recurso utilizado después de la inserción en CAPS, que se destaca más como un lugar de socialización que para producir autonomía y desinstitucionalización. En el curso de los usuarios, los ingresos se realizaron en hospitales generales, hospitales especializados y comunidades terapéuticas. Los servicios de atención primaria no aparecen como un punto de atención en salud mental, los servicios de emergencia están presentes en la atención de crisis, dando al CAPS los contornos de un servicio de convivencia y no de atención en crisis. (AU)

Nursing students perspectives of psychosocial care: cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial care is an integral component of holistic nursing practices. This study aimed to examine how fourth-year nursing students at Mutah University perceive various care characteristics, specifically psychosocial care. METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using the Caring Dimension Inventory (CDI). Data were obtained from 105 nursing students before graduating from a Jordanian public educational institution. Data analyzed using the scoring of CDI and descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The mean scores in the professional and technical domain of care were statistically higher for fourth-year nursing students (4.69 ± 0.25). This exceeded their scores in the psychosocial domain of care (3.37 ± 1.20). This suggests that fourth-year nursing students prioritize professional and technical care over psychosocial care. CONCLUSIONS: Fourth-year nursing students tended to perceive the technical aspects of care as more significant than the psychosocial aspects. This highlights the need for nursing schools and healthcare providers to reconsider their focus and prioritize the importance of psychosocial care.

Integrating mindfulness and the expressive arts for meaning making in cancer care: A grounded theory of the processes, facilitators, and challenges.

PURPOSE: There is a growing interest in mindfulness-based expressive arts interventions in oncology, to help patients process their experiences, learn how to live with cancer, and ameliorate psychological distress. Our research purpose was to explore how patients with cancer experience a mindfulness-based expressive arts group intervention, and to articulate individual and contextual factors influencing their experiences. METHODS: We conducted a constructivist grounded theory study and recruited 32 participants who experienced a 10-week mindfulness-based expressive arts group intervention at a tertiary cancer center in mid-Western Canada. We gathered socio-demographic data and descriptions of their experiences through semi-structured interviews. Participants brought art they had created to facilitate art elicitation. Socio-demographic data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and all other data with grounded theory methods. RESULTS: Our findings revealed how entering the group and meaning making processes through mindfulness enabled participants to let go of their ruminations and calm their minds so they could fully engage in arts activities. Participants found inspiration for their artistic expressions in mindfulness meditation which allowed them to express themselves in new ways. Although this work was challenging, combining mindfulness and the arts created a unique healing space in which individual work was nested within group processes. There were notable personal factors and perspectives that influenced participants' experiences, as well as factors related to the group design and facilitator. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide insight into how and when this intervention was meaningful for patients, and have important implications to guide ongoing intervention development, implementation, and evaluation.

Trauma-Informed Psychosocial Screening and Care Planning: A Patient-Centered Improvement Project in a Midwife Clinic.

INTRODUCTION: Traumatic stress is associated with increases in preterm birth, low birth weight, and other perinatal complications. Yet the identification of patients with traumatic stress and intervention for traumatic stress prevention or treatment remain low. Locally in this university hospital-based midwife clinic, a health records review found that trauma exposure was documented in 5% of patient records, and no records had a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This is lower than research-based population estimates of 25% to 50% for trauma exposure and 8% for PTSD during pregnancy. The clinic staff did not screen for posttraumatic stress, and exposure screening was limited to intimate personal violence. Staff had not been trained in trauma-informed care (TIC) as defined by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The aim for this improvement project was to provide trauma screening and trauma-related care planning, collectively referred to as trauma-informed psychosocial care, to midwifery patients 85% of the time. PROCESS: Interventions were implemented over 4 plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles. These included staff training in TIC; written screening at the new prenatal, third trimester, and postpartum visits; verbal broad inquiry at every visit; and bidirectional trauma-specific care planning emphasizing patient and provider input into treatment choice. The clinic flow was changed to create privacy for patient-staff interaction at every visit. Field notes and data were analyzed every 2 weeks and iterative changes applied. OUTCOMES: Trauma disclosure increased from 5% to 30% and identification of PTSD from 0% to 7%. Bidirectional care plan documentation increased from 8% to 67%. Staff rated the workload as reasonable. DISCUSSION: Redesigning psychosocial screening to align with TIC principles increased the discovery of trauma to levels consistent with research-based population estimates. Gains were made in bidirectional care planning. This project illustrates practical methods of implementing TIC principles.

Psychosocial experiences of cancer survivors and their caregivers in sub-Saharan Africa: A synthesis of qualitative studies.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize and examine current literature on survivorship experiences and psychosocial oncologic care programs of individuals affected by cancer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS: This was a systematic review guided by the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We searched 6 databases for articles published from inception to 21 October 2021. Articles were appraised using the Johanna Briggs Institute's Checklist for Qualitative Research. For data synthesis, we used the World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life framework [WHOQOL] to organize experiences into 6 domains/themes. RESULTS: Twenty-five qualitative studies were included in the synthesis. Studies focused on psychosocial care of adults (>18 years) affected by cancer in SSA. The common WHOQOL domains were social relations, spirituality/religion/personal beliefs, and psychological. CONCLUSION: Findings echo need for individuals with cancer and their caregivers. Healthcare professionals are an essential resource for information and support services that can be tailored to individuals need. This synthesis highlighted caregiver stress and stressors from the community that could impact care of individuals with cancer. A holistic approach is needed that incorporates professional and social aspects of care.

The Physical and Psychosocial Outcomes of a Psychosocial Home-Based end-of-Life Care Intervention in Hong Kong.

OBJECTIVE: Living the final days of life being cared for at home is a preference expressed by many. The data on the effectiveness of home-based end-of-life care (EoLC) intervention to improve the holistic conditions of terminally ill patients are scanty. This study sought to evaluate a psychosocial home-based EoLC intervention for terminally ill patients in Hong Kong. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted, applying the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS) at 3 timepoints (service intake, 1-month, and 3-months after enrollment). A total of 485 eligible, consenting terminally ill people (mean age = 75.48, SD = 11.39) were enrolled, with 40.21% (n = 195) providing data at all 3 timepoints for this study. RESULTS: Decreasing symptom severity scores were observed for all IPOS psychosocial symptoms, and most physical symptoms, over the 3 timepoints. Improvements in depression and practical concerns had the highest omnibus time effects (F > 31.92, P < .01) and T0 to T2 paired comparison effects (Cohen's d > 0.54, P < .01). Physical symptoms of weakness/lack of energy, poor mobility, and poor appetite also showed significant improvements at T1 and T2 (Cohen's d: 0.22-0.46, P < .05). Bivariate regression analyses showed that improvements in anxiety, depression, and family anxiety were associated with improvements in physical symptoms of pain, shortness of breath, weakness/lack of energy, nausea, poor appetite, and poor mobility. Patients' demographic and clinical characteristics were not associated with changes in symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The psychosocial home-based EoLC intervention effectively improved the psychosocial and physical status of terminally ill patients, irrespective of their clinical characteristics or demographics.

O uso da arteterapia como prática integrativa e complementar em um centro de atenção psicossocial ­ álcool e drogas (caps ­ ad) / The use of art therapy as an integrative and complementary practice in a psychosocial care center - alcohol and drugs (caps - ad) / El uso de la arteterapia como práctica integradora y complementaria en un centro de atención psicosocial - alcohol y drogas (caps - ad)

Introdução: Até 1970 a assistência em saúde mental era realizada em manicômios, porém a reforma psiquiátrica veio beneficiar a assistência a esses pacientes, contribuindo para que profissionais evoluíssem para uma atenção holística e o cuidado biopsicossocial. Assim, surgiu o Centro de Assistência Psicossocial, especialmente o AD, que trata de crianças, adolescentes, adultos ou idosos com transtornos mentais e que são usuários de substâncias psicoativas, reinserindo-os ao meio social, por meio de oficinas terapêuticas instituídas para a redução de danos e, também, por meio de acolhimento, onde se realiza o Projeto Terapêutico Singular para diagnóstico situacional e inserção em atividades, especialmente em oficinas de arteterapia que contemplam as artes, trabalhando a dimensão física e psicológica. A arteterapia estimula todos os âmbitos pessoais, mostrando aos pacientes suas capacidades para traçar objetivos e gerar oportunidades. Oficinas estas, de cunho multidisciplinar. Objetivo: Identificar a percepção dos usuários de um Centro de Assistência Psicossocial AD e dos profissionais da saúde sobre a contribuição da arteterapia para a evolução dos pacientes. Material e Método: Estudo descritivo baseado em experiências de pacientes com transtornos mentais e usuários de substâncias psicoativas, realizado junto a terapeutas ocupacionais e enfermeiros. Resultado: Os usuários relatam satisfação com o centro de atendimento e a mudança de vida foi muito relatada nos depoimentos, mostrando como a existência desse tipo de serviço é importante para viabilizar perspectivas de vida. Conclusão: Os benefícios das oficinas de arteterapia são observados na vida diária dos pacientes e a importância e significado desta se amplia, agregando o acolhimento e a escuta ativa, ferramentas de trabalho essenciais para a reabilitação dos pacientes.

Introduction: Until 1970 mental health care was performed in asylums, but psychiatric reform came to benefit the care of these patients, contributing to the evolution of professionals to a holistic care and biopsychosocial care. Thus, the Center for Psychosocial Assistance, especially the AD, which deals with children, adolescents, adults or the elderly with mental disorders and who are users of psychoactive substances, reinserting them to the social environment, through therapeutic workshops instituted for harm reduction and also through reception, where the Singular Therapeutic Project is carried out for situational diagnosis and insertion in activities, especially in art therapy workshops that include the arts, working the physical and psychological dimension. Art therapy stimulates all personal areas, showing patients their ability to set goals and generate opportunities. These workshops, of a multidisciplinary nature. Objective: To identify the perception of users of a Psychosocial Assistance Center AD and health professionals on the contribution of art therapy to the evolution of patients. Material and Method: Descriptive study based on experiences of patients with mental disorders and users of psychoactive substances, performed with occupational therapists and nurses. Result: Users report satisfaction with the service center and the change of life was much reported in the testimonies, showing how the existence of this type of service is important to enable life perspectives. Conclusion: The benefits of art therapy workshops are observed in the daily life of patients and the importance and significance of this extends, adding the reception and active listening, essential work tools for the rehabilitation of patients.

Introducción: Hasta 1970 la atención en salud mental se brindaba en los asilos, pero la reforma psiquiátrica vino a beneficiar la atención de estos pacientes, ayudando a los profesionales a evolucionar hacia la atención holística y la atención biopsicosocial. Surgió así el Centro de Atención Psicosocial, en especial el AD, que atiende a niños, niñas, adolescentes, adultos o adultos mayores con trastornos mentales y usuarios de sustancias psicoactivas, reinsertándolos en el medio social, a través de talleres terapéuticos instituidos para reducir los daños y también a través de la acogida, donde se realiza el Proyecto Terapéutico Singular para el diagnóstico situacional y la inserción en actividades, especialmente en talleres de arteterapia que contemplan las artes, trabajando la dimensión física y psicológica. El arteterapia estimula todas las áreas personales, mostrando a los pacientes sus habilidades para establecer metas y generar oportunidades. Estos talleres tienen un carácter multidisciplinar. Objetivo: Identificar la percepción de los usuarios de un Centro de Asistencia Psicosocial de EA y profesionales de la salud sobre la contribución del arteterapia a la evolución de los pacientes. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo basado en las experiencias de pacientes con trastornos mentales y usuarios de sustancias psicoactivas, realizado con terapeutas ocupacionales y enfermeras. Resultado: Los usuarios relatan satisfacción con el centro de atención y el cambio de vida fue relatado muchas veces en los testimonios, mostrando cómo la existencia de ese tipo de servicio es importante para viabilizar perspectivas de vida. Conclusión: Se observan los beneficios de los talleres de arteterapia en el cotidiano de los pacientes y se amplía la importancia y significado de esta, agregando la recepción y la escucha activa, herramientas de trabajo imprescindibles para la rehabilitación de los pacientes.

"Doing palliative care with my hands tied behind my back": telepalliative care delivery for oncology inpatients during a COVID-19 surge.

New York City was a "global COVID-19 hotspot" in spring 2020. Many health teams rapidly transitioned to telehealth platforms. Little is known about the experiences of inpatient palliative care services who delivered telehealth services during the pandemic. This study was aimed to explore the experiences of an interdisciplinary palliative care team in meeting the holistic needs of oncology inpatients via telehealth over a 10-week period during the first COVID-19 surge. A targeted sample of interdisciplinary palliative specialists at an urban comprehensive cancer center participated in in-depth interviews that explored participants' experiences delivering physical, psychosocial, and spiritual care via telehealth. An interdisciplinary coding team followed a rigorous thematic text analysis approach and met regularly to reach consensus on emerging themes. Eleven palliative specialists from six disciplines (chaplaincy, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, physician assistant, and social work) participated. Seventy-three percent reported not receiving telehealth training prior to COVID-19 and 64% were "not at all" or "somewhat comfortable" delivering telepalliative care. Several themes were identified, including the barriers related to telehealth, the impact of telehealth on the quality of relationships with patients, their families, and coworkers, and the changes in perceived self-efficacy of fulfilling job responsibilities. Telehealth use has increased significantly during COVID-19, requiring further evaluation of its utility. Participants reported both positive and negative inpatient telepalliative care experiences associated with various domains of professional functioning, such as communication, relationships with key stakeholders, and self-efficacy. Enhanced telehealth training and support must be improved to sustain the palliative workforce and promote high-quality patient and family care in the future.

In spring 2020, New York City was a COVID-19 global hotspot. The palliative care team at a major cancer center rapidly transitioned to a "virtual service" (i.e., telehealth) without any physical contact with oncology inpatients for a 10-week period. No infrastructure for inpatient telehealth had been established prior to the transition. We wanted to explore how effective the interdisciplinary palliative care team felt in meeting the psychosocial, spiritual, and physical needs of patients and their families via telehealth. The palliative care team consisted of advanced practice providers, physicians, a chaplain, pharmacist, and social worker. Through participant interviews, our research team identified common themes related to the barriers and facilitators of telehealth; various effects on the quality of relationships with patients, their families, and coworkers; and diverse experiences related to the team's perceived effectiveness in delivering telepalliative care. There are several implications to consider. Inpatient practice settings must design telehealth infrastructures to ensure both patient and provider protections when in-person care is not possible. Multilevel policies must direct investments in telehealth training for health professionals to support high-quality care during future public health crises. Research should be directed toward developing and measuring enhanced telehealth interventions to support effective and holistic virtual palliative care delivery for inpatient settings.

Effectiveness of an Integrated Nutrition Rehabilitation on Growth and Development of Children under Five Post 2018 Earthquake in East Lombok, Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: In August 2018 Lombok Island in Indonesia was hit by a 7 Richter scale earthquake. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of comprehensive nutrition disaster rehabilitation, based on the holistic integrated early child development concept, on the growth and development of children under five. METHODS: A community-based intervention was performed in the East Lombok district; four villages in two sub-districts were randomly allocated into intervention or control groups. Mothers of 6-49-month-old children in the intervention group (n = 240) attended parenting classes (twice weekly) and received shredded fish/liver/anchovy and optimized complementary feeding/food-based recommendations, developed using linear programming. Health staff from the public health center and teachers from early childhood education (ECE) centers delivered parenting sessions on health-nutrition and care-education. The control group (n = 240) received existing health services. Indicators measured at baseline and the end line point were weight, length/height, hemoglobin, feeding practices, psychosocial care (HOME) and maternal stress (SRQ). At the end line point, child development was assessed using BSID-III. RESULTS: At the end line point, maternal stress and child morbidity (cough) were lower and dietary diversity (+1) in 6-23-month-old children, and weight-for-age Z-score (+0.26) and social emotional score (+10 points) in ≥24-month-old children were higher in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: The nutrition rehabilitation intervention delivered through ECE centers has a positive effect on the growth and development of children under five in post-disaster conditions.

Art therapy in pediatric burn care: A conceptual framework for clinical practice.

Burn injuries are an unexpected traumatic event and can be physically and emotionally devastating for a child and their families. This article presents a conceptual framework for art therapy practice with pediatric burns, founded on the three stages of burn treatment- critical, acute, and rehabilitation. The framework is based on narrative synthesis of research on the psychosocial needs of children with burn injuries, art therapy literature on pediatric burn patients, as well as in medical settings. Based on the stages of burn recovery, and the role of other relevant stakeholders, the framework provides recommendations for clinical practice of art therapy with children sustaining burn injuries, their caregivers and siblings, and healthcare providers. Robust studies including art therapy as interventions are recommended to determine their effectiveness in addressing the specific psychosocial needs in different stages of pediatric burn care.

Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial in Women With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer to Assess the Feasibility of Delivering Group-Based Psychosocial Care via Videoconference.

BACKGROUND: The goal of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of delivering group-based psychosocial care via videoconference (ie, Zoom) to women with lung cancer undergoing treatment. METHODS: At baseline, women indicated their typical computer and internet use and were then randomized to a group-based intervention that either focused on mindfulness training or psychoeducation. Participants completed 1 Zoom "practice run" prior to starting the 5 group sessions (1 per week). After the last session, they evaluated their experiences with the intervention and its delivery. RESULTS: With a consent rate of 68%, 54 women (mean age = 66 years; 69% non-Hispanic White; 48% with stage IV disease) were equally randomized. Attendance was high in both arms (session mean, mindfulness = 4.38; education = 4.75; 85% attended all sessions). Across arms, all women rated the program as useful; most preferred group-based delivery (67%) and remote delivery (50%) or had no preference. Although the sample's typical computer use was relatively low (eg, 19% said that they rarely or never use a computer), most women (76%) indicated that Zoom was "very easy" or "easy" to use. After only 0 to 1 attempts, 56% felt comfortable but 26% stated that they never felt comfortable with the technology. CONCLUSIONS: It seems to be feasible to deliver group-based psychosocial interventions via videoconference in women with lung cancer undergoing treatment. Challenges regarding scheduling the group sessions and familiarizing older rather than infrequent computer users with the technology were encountered but resolved over the course of the trial.

Effectiveness of different music interventions on managing symptoms in cancer survivors: A meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Music-based interventions can provide non-pharmacological, low-cost treatment for symptoms. This meta-analysis's purpose is to examine music-based interventions' effectiveness on psychological distress symptoms (anxiety, stress, and depressive symptoms), aspects of positive psychology (benefit-finding and resilience), and quality of life (QoL). METHODS: This meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and meta-analytic methods suggested by Hedges and Olkin (1985). A systematic literature search between 2000 and 2020 was conducted using CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Studies and intervention characteristics were independently coded. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, Cochrane Collaboration's Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias, Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation, and Egger's regression test evaluated publication bias. RESULTS: Twenty-nine of thirty-five eligible studies were included in the statistical analysis. The overall (g = 0.34, SE = 2.27, p < 0.05) and psychological distress symptoms sub-outcome type (g = 0.47, SE = 0.18, p < 0.05) models with moderator analyses were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Culturally appropriate music-based interventions conducted in the clinical setting that used passive listening with headphones, occurring ≥ 3-times a week over ≥ 2 months, positively impacted gynecology survivors undergoing chemotherapy and surgical treatments. Specifically, interventions that were ≥ 35-minutes, listening to folk or mixed-music positively impacted psychological distress symptoms, whereas new-age music negatively impacted psychological distress symptoms, positive psychology, and QoL outcomes. Future research should examine positive psychology characteristics (perceived levels of positive adjustment, change, and coping) and include larger cohorts with various cancer populations across all cancer survivorship continuum. Culturally appropriate interventions could lead to greater adherence, compliance, and clinical effectiveness and increase the findings' significance and generalizability.

Espaço que a criança e adolescente com diagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro Autista ocupa na rede de atenção psicossocial: revisão integrativa da literatura / The place children and adolescents diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorder occupy in the psychosocial care network: integrative literature review / Espacio que el niño y el adolecente diagnosticado con trastorno del espectro autista ocupan en la red de atención psicosocial: Revisión integrativa de la literatura

O autismo vem sendo alvo de diversos debates e discussões, principalmente em torno das formas como este público deve ser contemplado diante das ações e dos serviços oferecidos pelo SUS. Entretanto, nota-se que ainda não está definido quais os espaços específicos para esta população dentro da linha de cuidado e qual a função de cada espaço na rede de atenção psicossocial. É nesse contexto de indefinições que esta pesquisa, através de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, objetiva compreender e discutir qual o espaço que a criança e o adolescente com transtorno do espectro autista ocupam na rede de atenção psicossocial, afim de contribuir com a clínica do autismo no contexto da saúde pública. As fontes de pesquisas utilizadas foram artigos, publicados entre 2014 e 2019, encontrados no Portal Capes através dos descritores "autismo" e "saúde mental". Os resultados sugerem a necessidade do estabelecimento de objetivos e critérios mais específicos para cada ponto de atenção, visto que está havendo a sobreposição de atendimentos para algumas pessoas ou até mesmo a falta dele para outras. Sendo assim, apesar de haver um claro avanço dentro da política de saúde mental voltada a este público, ainda há algumas lacunas que precisam ser mais bem definidas.

Autism has been the subject of several debates and discussions, especially concerning the ways this public should be contemplated in view of the actions and services offered by SUS. However, it is noticeable that this population has no defined place in the system, the psychosocial care network. It is in this context of in definition that this research, through an integrative literature review, aims to understand and discuss where children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorder could be placed and deserve to be in the psychosocial care network in order to contribute to the caring for autism in the context of public health. The sources of research used were articles published between 2014 and 2019, found in the Portal Capes through the descriptors "autism" and "mental health". The results suggest the need to establish more specific objectives and criteria for each issue, as care is being overlapped for some people or even lacking for others. Therefore, although there is a clear advance in the mental health policy aimed at this public, there are still some gaps that need to be better defined.

El autismo ha sido objeto de varios debates y discusiones, especialmente en torno a las formas en que este público debe contemplarse ante las acciones y servicios que ofrece el SUS. Sin embargo, se destaca que aun no está definido cuales son los espacios específicos para esta población dentro de la línea de cuidado y cual es la función de cada espacio en la red de atención psicosocial. Es en este contexto de indefinición que esta investigación, a través de una revisión de literatura integrativa, tiene como objetivo comprender y discutir qué espacio ocupan los niños y adolescentes con trastorno del espectro autista en la red de atención psicosocial con el fin de contribuir con la clínica de autismo, en el contexto de la salud pública. Las fuentes de investigación utilizadas fueron os artículos publicados entre 2014 y 2019, que se encuentran en el Portal Capes a través de los descriptores "autismo" y "salud mental". Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de establecer objetivos y criterios más específicos para cada punto de atención, ya que hay una superposición de atención para algunas personas o incluso la falta de atención para otras. Por tanto, si bien existe un claro avance en la política de salud mental dirigida a este público, aún existen algunas lagunas que se necesitan definir mejor.

Nurses' response to spiritual needs of cancer patients.

PURPOSE: In this qualitative study, nurses from the United States of America (USA) and Switzerland were asked to recount their spiritual care experiences with cancer patients and their own responses to their patients' spiritual needs. Recent advances in cancer care have highlighted the importance of spirituality and spiritual care as part of quality palliative care from the time of a patient's diagnosis through end of life. Nurses who play an important role in supporting patients, describe their own discomfort when confronting their patients' spiritual needs. METHODS: A qualitative survey was used to collect narratives of nurses' experiences in responding to spiritual care needs (n = 62). The accounts were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Nurses identified patients as having spiritual needs and their own experiences in addressing spirituality or religion. Patients sought meaning in their illness, which, they believed, led to disease acceptance. Nurses reported their patients' struggles with challenging disease situations and their own challenges in addressing patients' spirituality/religion. With experience, nurses developed ways of talking with patients about spirituality/religion, which profoundly impacted their own lives and resulted in personal growth. CONCLUSION: Patients' spirituality was identified by nurses who tried to address patients' spiritual needs drawing on existing resources. For nurses, supporting patients in their spirituality and finding meaning in the disease situation eventually led to disease acceptance.

A Mindfulness-Based Intervention as a Supportive Care Strategy for Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Their Spouses: Results of a Three-Arm Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Although mindfulness-based interventions have been widely examined in patients with nonmetastatic cancer, the feasibility and efficacy of these types of programs are largely unknown for those with advanced disease. We pilot-tested a couple-based meditation (CBM) relative to a supportive-expressive (SE) and a usual care (UC) arm targeting psychospiritual distress in patients with metastatic lung cancer and their spousal caregivers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-five patient-caregiver dyads completed baseline self-report measures and were then randomized to one of the three arms. Couples in the CBM and SE groups attended four 60-minute sessions that were delivered via videoconference. All dyads were reassessed 1 and 3 months later. RESULTS: A priori feasibility benchmarks were met. Although attendance was high in both groups, dyads in the CBM group indicated greater benefit of the sessions than those in the SE group (patients, CBM mean = 2.63, SE mean = 2.20, p = .003; spouses, CBM mean = 2.71, SE mean = 2.00, p = .005). Compared with the UC group, patients in the CBM group reported significantly lower depressive symptoms (p = .05; d = 0.53) and marginally reduced cancer-related stress (p = .07; d = 0.68). Medium effect sizes in favor of the CBM compared with the SE group for depressive symptoms (d = 0.59) and cancer-related stress (d = 0.54) were found. Spouses in the CBM group reported significantly lower depressive symptoms (p < .01; d = 0.74) compared with those in the UC group. CONCLUSION: It seems feasible and possibly efficacious to deliver dyadic interventions via videoconference to couples coping with metastatic lung cancer. Mindfulness-based interventions may be of value to managing psychological symptoms in the palliative care setting. Clinical trial identification number. NCT02596490 IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The current randomized controlled trial has established that a mindfulness approach to the management of patients' and spouses' psychospiritual concerns is acceptable and subjectively deemed more beneficial than a supportive-expressive treatment for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We also revealed that videoconference delivery, here FaceTime, is an acceptable approach even for geriatric patients with metastatic NSCLC and that patients and their spousal caregivers prefer a dyadic delivery of this type of supportive care strategy. Lastly, this trial has laid the foundation for the role of mindfulness-based interventions in the palliative care setting supporting patients with advanced NSCLC and their spousal caregivers.

Perceptions and practices of spiritual care among hospice physicians and nurses in a Taiwanese tertiary hospital: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Spiritual care is frequently cited as a key component of hospice care in Taiwanese healthcare and beyond. The aim of this research is to gauge physicians and nurses' self-reported perspectives and clinical practices on the roles of their professions in addressing spiritual care in an inpatient palliative care unit in a tertiary hospital with Buddhist origins. METHODS: We performed semi-structured interviews with physicians and nurses working in hospice care over a year on their self-reported experiences in inpatient spiritual care. We utilized a directed approach to qualitative content analysis to identify themes emerging from interviews. RESULTS: Most participants identified as neither spiritual nor religious. Themes in defining spiritual care, spiritual distress, and spiritual care challenges included understanding patient values and beliefs, fear of the afterlife and repercussions of poor family relationships, difficulties in communication, the patient's medical state, and a perceived lack of preparedness and time to deliver spiritual care. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that Taiwanese physicians and nurses overall find spiritual care difficult to define in practice and base perceptions and practices of spiritual care largely on patient's emotional and physical needs. Spiritual care is also burdened logistically by difficulties in navigating family and cultural dynamics, such as speaking openly about death. More research on spiritual care in Taiwan is needed to define the appropriate training, practice, and associated challenges in provision of spiritual care.

The Effect of 20-Minute Mindful Breathing on the Perception of Suffering and Changes in Bispectral Index Score (BIS) in Palliative Care Informal Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Informal caregivers are at risk of being overwhelmed by various sources of suffering while caring for their significant others. It is, therefore, important for caregivers to take care of themselves. In the self-care context, mindfulness has the potential to reduce caregiver suffering. We studied the effect of a single session of 20-minute mindful breathing on the perceived level of suffering, together with the changes in bispectral index score (BIS) among palliative care informal caregivers. This was a randomized controlled study conducted at the University of Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. Forty adult palliative care informal caregivers were recruited and randomly assigned to either 20-minute mindful breathing or 20-minute supportive listening. The changes in perceived suffering and BIS were measured preintervention and postintervention. The reduction in suffering score in the intervention group was significantly more than the control group at minute 20 (U = 124.0, n1 = n2 = 20, mean rank1 = 24.30, mean rank2 = 16.70, z = -2.095, P = .036). The reduction in BIS in the intervention group was also significantly greater than the control group at minute 20 (U = 19.5, n1 = n2 = 20, mean rank1 = 29.52, mean rank2 = 11.48, z = -4.900, P < .0001). Twenty minutes of mindful breathing was more efficacious than 20 minutes of supportive listening in the reduction in suffering among palliative care informal caregivers.

Explicações de familiares sobre o sofrimento psíquico: diversidade e integralidade em questão / Explicaciones de familiares sobre el sufrimiento psíquico: diversidad e integralidad en cuestión / Explanations of family members about psychological distress: diversity and comprehensiveness in question

RESUMO Este estudo apresenta como tema as explicações de familiares sobre o sofrimento psíquico pelos itinerários terapêuticos de usuários na atenção em saúde mental a partir da ótica da família. O Itinerário Terapêutico (I.T.) é entendido como todos os movimentos suscitados por grupos ou indivíduos a fim de resguardar ou recuperar a saúde, que podem impulsionar diversos recursos, desde práticas religiosas e cuidados caseiros até os dispositivos biomédicos predominantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as explicações dadas pelo familiar a respeito do problema de saúde mental da pessoa em sofrimento psíquico. Efetuou-se um estudo qualitativo em que foram realizadas dez entrevistas com familiares de usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). De acordo com a análise das entrevistas com base na Teoria Fundamentada em Dados foi possível o agrupamento das explicações dadas em: (1) espirituais, (2) orgânicas, (3) histórico familiar, (4) eventos de vida, (5) diagnóstico e (6) outros. As explicações dadas pelos familiares envolvem um olhar múltiplo, que incorpora diferentes causas e motivos, aproximando-se da ideia de integralidade em saúde.

RESUMEN En este estudio se presenta como tema las explicaciones de familiares sobre el sufrimiento psíquico por intermedio de los itinerarios terapéuticos de usuarios en la atención en salud mental a partir de la óptica de la familia. El Itinerario Terapéutico (I.T.) es entendido como todos los movimientos suscitados por grupos o individuos a fin de resguardar o recuperar la salud, que pueden impulsar diversos recursos, desde prácticas religiosas y cuidados caseros hasta los dispositivos biomédicos predominantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las explicaciones dadas por el familiar acerca del origen del problema de salud mental de la persona en sufrimiento psíquico. Se efectuó un estudio cualitativo en el que se realizaron 10 entrevistas con familiares de usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial (CAPS). De acuerdo con el análisis de las entrevistas con base en la Teoría Fundamentada en Datos fue posible la agrupación de las explicaciones dadas en: (1) Espiritual, (2) Orgánico, (3) Historia familiar, (4) Eventos de la vida (5) Diagnóstico y (6) Otros. Las explicaciones, dadas por los familiares, involucra una mirada múltiple, que incorpora diferentes causas y motivos, aproximándose a la idea de integralidad en salud.

ABSTRACT. This study presents the explanations of family members about psychological distress through the therapeutic itineraries of patients in mental health care from the perspective of the family. The Therapeutic Itinerary (T.I.) is understood as all movements raised by groups or individuals in order to safeguard or recover health, which can boost various resources, from religious practices and home care to the predominant biomedical devices. This study aimed to identify the explanations given by the family member regarding the mental health problem of the person in psychological distress. A qualitative study was carried out in which 10 interviews were conducted with family members of users of a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS). According to the analysis of the interviews based on the Grounded Theory, it was possible to group the explanations into: (1) Spiritual, (2) Organic, (3) Family history, (4) Life events, (5) Diagnosis and (6) Others. The explanations given by family members involve a multiple look, which incorporates different causes and reasons, approaching the idea of integrality in health.

Implementing electronic health record-integrated screening of patient-reported symptoms and supportive care needs in a comprehensive cancer center.

BACKGROUND: Oncology practice can be enhanced by the integration of the assessment of patient-reported symptoms and concerns into the electronic health record (EHR) and clinical workflows. METHODS: Adult oncology outpatients (n = 6825) received 38,422 invitations to complete assessments through the EHR patient portal. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System computer adaptive tests were administered to assess fatigue, pain interference, physical function, depression, and anxiety. Checklists identified psychosocial, nutritional, and informational needs. In real time, assessment results were populated in the EHR, and clinicians were notified of elevated symptoms and needs. RESULTS: In all, 3521 patients (51.6%) completed 8162 assessments; approximately 55% of the responding patients completed 2 or more within 32 months. Fatigue, pain, anxiety, and depression scores were comparable to those of the general population (approximately 5% of assessments triggered clinical alerts across those domains); mean scores indicated a lower level of physical function (with severe scores prompting alerts in nearly 5% of assessments). More than half of assessments triggered an alert based on patient endorsement of supportive care needs, with the majority of those being nutritional (41.82% of assessments). Patient endorsement of supportive care needs was associated with significantly higher anxiety, depression, fatigue, and pain interference scores and lower physical function scores. Patients who triggered clinical alerts tended to be younger and more recently diagnosed, to have greater comorbidities, and to be a racial/ethnic minority. Patients who triggered clinical alerts had more health care service encounters in the ensuing month. CONCLUSIONS: EHR integration facilitated the assessment and reporting of patient-reported symptoms and needs within routine oncology outpatient care.