RESUMO
Moringa oleifera Lam. is one of the world's most useful medicinal plants. Different parts of the M. oleifera tree contain a rich profile of important minerals, proteins, vitamins, and various important bioactive compounds. However, there are differences in the phytochemical composition of the medicinal plant's raw materials due to seasonal variation, cultivation practices, and post-harvest processing. The main objective of this study was therefore to determine the effect of harvesting frequencies on selected bioactive compounds of a M. oleifera cultivar (PKM1) grown in a hydroponic system under a shade net structure. Three harvesting frequency treatments were applied in the study, with the plants harvested at every 30 days (high frequency), 60 days (intermediate frequency), and 90 days (low frequency) respectively. 1H-NMR was used for data acquisition, and multivariate data analysis by means of principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square discriminatory analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least square discriminatory analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to determine the changes in the leaf metabolite profile, and also to identify the spectral features contributing to the separation of samples. Targeted metabolite analysis was used to match the NMR peaks of the compounds with the NMR chemical shifts of the contribution plot. The contribution plot showed that the increase in concentration of some compounds in aliphatic, sugar and aromatic regions contributed to the separation of the samples. The results revealed that intermediate and low harvesting frequencies resulted in a change in the leaf metabolite profile. Compounds such as chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, wogonin, esculetin, niazirin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) showed an increase under intermediate and low harvesting frequencies. These results provide insight into the effect of harvesting frequencies on the metabolite profile and associated medicinal activity of M. oleifera.
Assuntos
Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Moringa oleifera/química , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Plantas Medicinais/química , Análise de Componente Principal , Ácido Vanílico/química , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/químicaRESUMO
The aim of this paper was to determine the effect of the hydrolysis method on the amounts of phenolic compounds in the plant material in soil and, as a consequence, on the parameters to determine the degree of lignins transformation in soils. The study included the plant material (hay, sward, and roots) and soil-Albic Brunic Arenosol (horizon A, AE, and Bsv) samples. Phenolic compounds were isolated at two stages by applying acid hydrolysis followed by alkaline re-hydrolysis. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of phenolic compounds was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography with a DAD. The content of phenolic compounds in the extracts depended on the hydrolysis method and it was determined by the type of the research material. The amounts of phenolic compounds contained in the alkaline hydrolysates accounted for 55.7% (soil, horizon Bsv)-454% (roots) of their content in acid hydrolysates. In the extracts from acid hydrolysates, chlorogenic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were dominant. In the alkaline extracts from the plant material, the highest content was recorded for p-coumaric and ferulic acids, and in the extracts from soil, ferulic and chlorogenic acids. A combination of acid and alkaline hydrolysis ensures the best extraction efficiency of insoluble-bound forms of polyphenols from plant and soil material.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Extração Líquido-Líquido/métodos , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Plantas/química , Solo/química , Ácidos/química , Álcalis/química , Cinamatos/química , Ácido Gálico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Gálico/química , Pradaria , Hidrólise , Lignina/química , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Raízes de Plantas/química , Solventes/química , Ácido Vanílico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Vanílico/químicaRESUMO
Clerodendrum petasites S. Moore has been prescribed in Thai traditional medicine for over 30 years for the treatment of ailments including asthma, inflammation, fever, cough, vomiting, and skin disorders. The phytochemicals from this plant have been identified as phenolic acids, flavones, flavone glycosides, glycosides, phenylpropanoid, and diterpenoid. The pharmacological activities both in vitro and in vivo have mostly been reported from crude extracts and not from pure compounds. This review, therefore, brings together information on the specific phytochemicals found in C. petasites in order to provide a guide to the natural bioactive compounds that are potentially used in medicines together with mechanisms underlying their pharmacological uses. All relevant information was searched for the terms of plant name, naturally-occurring compounds, and traditional uses from reliable databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, along with Thai traditional medicine textbooks. There was no specific timeline set for the search and this review selected to report only mechanisms studied by using standard compounds for their biological activities. Four dominant compounds comprising hispidulin, vanillic acid, verbascoside, and apigenin, have robust evidence to support their medical effects. Hispidulin was discovered to be possibly responsible for the treatment of cancer, osteolytic bone diseases, and neurological diseases. Other compounds were also found to tentatively support the uses in inflammation and neurological diseases. C. petasites extracts may provide an option as complimentary medicine, and or for the pharmacological development of new drugs derived from the phytochemicals found within.
Assuntos
Apigenina/uso terapêutico , Clerodendrum/química , Flavonas/uso terapêutico , Glucosídeos/uso terapêutico , Fenóis/uso terapêutico , Compostos Fitoquímicos/uso terapêutico , Ácido Vanílico/uso terapêutico , Animais , Apigenina/química , Flavonas/química , Glucosídeos/química , Humanos , Fenóis/química , Ácido Vanílico/químicaRESUMO
Physicochemical properties, cooking time, and phenolics profile of two black rice genotypes grown at six different locations in Brazil were determined. The cultivar IAC 600 and the elite-line AE 153045 were used. The main growing locations for black rice were considered, as follows: Alegrete (ALG), Capão do Leão (CPL), Guaratinguetá (GUA), Roseira (ROS), Santa Vitória do Palmar (SVP), and Taubaté (TBT). Principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data sets showed distinction among genotypes and locations. Quercetin-3-O-glucoside and vanillic acid were the most relevant compounds for discriminating genotypes. SVP location provided the most distinctive black rice, with greater total phenolics content. Characteristics of black rice from SVP location were associated to effects of latitude and wind conditions. Hesperetin, vanillic acid, quercetion-3-O-glucoside, and p-coumaric acid were the most relevant compounds for discriminating locations.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Espectrometria de Massas , Oryza/química , Fenóis/análise , Amilose/análise , Análise Discriminante , Genótipo , Glucosídeos/química , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Oryza/genética , Oryza/metabolismo , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Análise de Componente Principal , Quercetina/análogos & derivados , Quercetina/química , Ácido Vanílico/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) channels expressed in the central terminal of dorsal root ganglion neurons in the spinal substantia gelatinosa (SG) play a role in modulating nociceptive transmission. Although plant-derived compounds exhibiting antinociception (such as eugenol, carvacrol and thymol) activate TRPA1 channels to enhance spontaneous excitatory transmission while hyperpolarizing membranes in SG neurons without TRPA1 activation, specific chemical moieties involved in synaptic modulation are unknown. METHODS: We examined the effects of other plant-derived compounds (guaiacol, vanillin, vanillic acid and p-cymene) on holding current and spontaneous excitatory transmission at -70 mV by applying the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to SG neurons in adult rat spinal cord slices. RESULTS: None of the compounds affected the frequency or amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current. Guaiacol and vanillic acid had no effect on holding currents, while vanillin and p-cymene produced an inward and outward current, respectively, in some neurons tested. Synaptic modulation was also observed within the same neuron as the activities of eugenol, carvacrol, thymol, and the chemically-related plant-derived compound zingerone occurred. CONCLUSION: A substituted group in eugenol and zingerone, but not in guaiacol, vanillin or vanillic acid, as well as an OH bound to the benzene ring of carvacrol and thymol, but not p-cymene, play a role in producing outward current and TRPA1 activation. Thus, the binding of such chemical moeties to the benzene ring of plant-derived compounds appears necessary to modulate nociceptive transmission in the SG. This information provides insight for the development of new analgesics based on plant-derived compounds.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Substância Gelatinosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Canal de Cátion TRPA1/agonistas , Analgésicos/química , Animais , Benzaldeídos/química , Benzaldeídos/farmacologia , Cimenos , Potenciais Pós-Sinápticos Excitadores/efeitos dos fármacos , Guaiacol/química , Guaiacol/farmacologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Estrutura Molecular , Monoterpenos/química , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Substância Gelatinosa/metabolismo , Canal de Cátion TRPA1/metabolismo , Ácido Vanílico/química , Ácido Vanílico/farmacologiaRESUMO
Flavan-3-ols are units incorporating condensed tannin, which are widely present in grape and wine. They play a considerable role in wine sensory perception such as astringency, bitterness and mouth-feel. In grape and wine, the flavan-3-ols reported to date are (epi)catechin, (epi)gallocatechin, (epi)gallocatechin gallate and (epi)catechin glycoside. This study now shows the presence of a new flavan-3-ol epicatechin vanillate in grape seed and red wine. A putative unknown flavan-3-ol derived from grape seed was targeted by LC-HRMS/MS. Fractionation and purification by centrifugal partition chromatography and Prep HPLC allowed us to obtain the pure new flavan-3-ol. NMR and HRMS data revealed this compound to be epicatechin-3-O-vanillate. Quantification analysis results showed that epicatechin vanillate present in grape seed and red wine in the µg/gâ¯dry seed and the µg/L concentration range, respectively.
Assuntos
Catequina/análise , Flavonoides/análise , Ácido Vanílico/análogos & derivados , Vitis/química , Vinho/análise , Catequina/química , Catequina/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Extração Líquido-Líquido , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Extratos Vegetais/química , Sementes/química , Sementes/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Ácido Vanílico/análise , Ácido Vanílico/química , Ácido Vanílico/isolamento & purificação , Vitis/metabolismoRESUMO
Black sesame pigment (BSP) represents a low cost, easily accessible material of plant origin exhibiting marked antioxidant and heavy metal-binding properties with potential as a food supplement. We report herein the inhibitory properties of the potentially bioaccessible fraction of BSP following simulated gastrointestinal digestion against key enzymes involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). HPLC analysis indicated that BSP is transformed under the pH conditions mimicking the intestinal environment and the most abundant of the released compounds was identified as vanillic acid. More than 80% inhibition of acetylcholinesterase-induced aggregation of the ß-amyloid Aß1-40 was observed in the presence of the potentially bioaccessible fraction of BSP, which also efficiently inhibited self-induced Aß1-42 aggregation and ß-secretase (BACE-1) activity, even at high dilution. These properties open new perspectives toward the use of BSP as an ingredient of functional food or as a food supplement for the prevention of AD.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/prevenção & controle , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/isolamento & purificação , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/química , Sesamum/química , Ácido Vanílico/isolamento & purificação , Doença de Alzheimer/enzimologia , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Pigmentos Biológicos/análise , Pigmentos Biológicos/química , Pigmentos Biológicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Agregados Proteicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Vanílico/química , Ácido Vanílico/farmacologiaRESUMO
Serratia marcescens is one of the important nosocomial pathogens which rely on quorum sensing (QS) to regulate the production of biofilm and several virulence factors. Hence, blocking of QS has become a promising approach to quench the virulence of S. marcescens. For the first time, QS inhibitory (QSI) and antibiofilm potential of Actinidia deliciosa have been explored against S. marcescens clinical isolate (CI). A. deliciosa pulp extract significantly inhibited the virulence and biofilm production without any deleterious effect on the growth. Vanillic acid was identified as an active lead responsible for the QSI activity. Addition of vanillic acid to the growth medium significantly affected the QS regulated production of biofilm and virulence factors in a concentration dependent mode in S. marcescens CI, ATCC 14756 and MG1. Furthermore vanillic acid increased the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans upon S. marcescens infection. Proteomic analysis and mass spectrometric identification of differentially expressed proteins revealed the ability of vanillic acid to modulate the expression of proteins involved in S-layers, histidine, flagellin and fatty acid production. QSI potential of the vanillic acid observed in the current study paves the way for exploring it as a potential therapeutic candidate to treat S. marcescens infections.
Assuntos
Actinidia/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Flagelina/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Serratia marcescens/efeitos dos fármacos , Serratia marcescens/fisiologia , Ácido Vanílico/farmacologia , Virulência/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antibacterianos/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Caenorhabditis elegans/microbiologia , Cromatografia Líquida , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ácidos Graxos/biossíntese , Espectrometria de Massas , Extratos Vegetais/química , Proteoma , Proteômica/métodos , Percepção de Quorum/efeitos dos fármacos , Serratia marcescens/patogenicidade , Ácido Vanílico/química , Fatores de VirulênciaRESUMO
This study aims to identify special metabolites in polar extracts from Urochloa humidicola (synonym Brachiaria humidicola) that have allelopathic effects and induce secondary photosensitization in ruminants. The compounds were isolated and identified via chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The compounds 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid, trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and p-hydroxy-benzoic acid; the flavonols isorhamnetin-3-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside and methyl quercetin-3-O-ß-d-glucuronate; and kaempferitrin, quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, and tricin were identified in the extract from the leaves of Urochloa humidicola. Two furostanic saponins, namely, dioscin and 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-4)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)]-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-penogenin, as well as catechin-7-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside were identified in the methanolic extract obtained from the roots of this plant. This species features a range of metabolites that may be toxic for animals if used in food and may interfere with the growth medium, thereby inhibiting the development of other species.
Assuntos
Brachiaria/química , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Crotonatos/química , Crotonatos/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/química , Glicosídeos/química , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Parabenos/química , Parabenos/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Quercetina/análogos & derivados , Quercetina/química , Quercetina/isolamento & purificação , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Vanílico/química , Ácido Vanílico/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
ABSTRACT This study aims to identify special metabolites in polar extracts from Urochloa humidicola (synonym Brachiaria humidicola) that have allelopathic effects and induce secondary photosensitization in ruminants. The compounds were isolated and identified via chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The compounds 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid, trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and p-hydroxy-benzoic acid; the flavonols isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and methyl quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucuronate; and kaempferitrin, quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, and tricin were identified in the extract from the leaves of Urochloa humidicola. Two furostanic saponins, namely, dioscin and 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-4)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)]-β-d-glucopyranosyl-penogenin, as well as catechin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside were identified in the methanolic extract obtained from the roots of this plant. This species features a range of metabolites that may be toxic for animals if used in food and may interfere with the growth medium, thereby inhibiting the development of other species.
Assuntos
Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Brachiaria/química , Parabenos/isolamento & purificação , Parabenos/química , Saponinas/química , Ácido Vanílico/química , Flavonoides/química , Crotonatos/isolamento & purificação , Crotonatos/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/químicaRESUMO
In the present study, the fractionated extracts of Sesbania grandiflora bark were prepared and evaluated for their biological activities. The ethyl acetate fractionate (EAF) showed high antioxidant activity along with free radical scavenging and reducing mechanisms. The free radical scavenging antioxidant activity of EAF was 69.3 ± 3.6% where its Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity was 13.6 ± 0.7 mM/mg. EAF exhibited the reducing power equivalent to ferrous sulfate at 152 ± 2 mM/mg and equivalent to gallic acid at 1.05 ± 0.01 mM/mg. In addition, EAF presented high potential on inhibition of bacterial growth with the minimum bactericidal concentration less than 1 mg/mL. Further isolation of EAF using normal-phase open column of silica gel 60, showed that the fractions eluted with the mixture of chloroform and methanol at the ratios of 4:1, 3:2, and 2:3 possessed antibacterial activity. The recovery activity of total different active fractions was 5% EAF, 20 times less than that of EAF. The chromatogram of EAF from a high-performance liquid chromatography was compared with caffeic acid, catechin, coumaric acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, syringin, naringic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, and vanilic acid. The result demonstrated that one major compound of EAF was gallic acid. These results suggest that the fractionated extracts of S. grandiflora bark contained antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Casca de Planta , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sesbania , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Cafeicos/química , Catequina/química , Cromatografia Líquida , Cinamatos/química , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Ácido Elágico/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Ácido Gálico/química , Glucosídeos/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fenilpropionatos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Quercetina/química , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ácido Vanílico/químicaRESUMO
In the present investigation, the effect of dietary supplementation of thiamine and pyridoxine loaded vanillic acid-grafted chitosan microspheres (TPVGC) on growth, metabolic and immune responses in Wistar strain albino rats was studied. Eight experimental groups, namely four groups each for male and female rats were fed with 0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6% of TPVGC in the diet. At the end of 45days feeding trials, both male and female rats supplemented with TPVGC had higher weight gain% and specific growth rate than the control groups. Significantly (p<0.05) lower blood glucose level and higher respiratory burst activity were recorded in the treatment groups than the control groups of both male and female rats. Activity of metabolic enzymes (aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the control groups and a decreasing trend in the same was observed with a gradual increase in the inclusion level of TPVGC in the diet of the treatment groups. However, a reverse trend was observed for acetylcholine esterase. It was inferred that dietary supplementation of thiamine and pyridoxine loaded vanillic acid-grafted chitosan enhanced the growth performance, metabolic and immune responses in the animal-model.
Assuntos
Quitosana/química , Suplementos Nutricionais , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunomodulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Microesferas , Piridoxina/administração & dosagem , Tiamina/administração & dosagem , Ácido Vanílico/química , Animais , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/metabolismo , Ensaios Enzimáticos , Feminino , Masculino , Tamanho da Partícula , Piridoxina/química , Ratos , Explosão Respiratória , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Tiamina/químicaRESUMO
Eight phenolic compounds including: p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, trolox, quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol were treated with riboflavin (RF) photosensitization and in vitro antioxidant capacities of the mixtures were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2' azino bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Mixtures containing p-coumaric acid and vanillic acid under RF photosensitization showed increases in ferric ion reducing ability and radical scavenging activity of DPPH, whereas mixtures of other compounds had decreases in both radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Hydroxycoumaric acid and conjugated hydroxycoumaric and coumaric acids were tentatively identified from RF photosensitized p-coumaric acid, whereas dimmers of vanillic acid were tentatively identified from RF photosensitized vanillic acid. RF photosensitization may be a useful method to enhance antioxidant properties like ferric ion reducing abilities of some selected phenolic compounds.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Luz , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Riboflavina/química , Antioxidantes/química , Benzotiazóis/metabolismo , Compostos de Bifenilo/metabolismo , Ácidos Cafeicos/química , Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacologia , Ácido Clorogênico/química , Ácido Clorogênico/farmacologia , Cromanos/química , Cromanos/farmacologia , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Ácidos Cumáricos/farmacologia , Curcumina/química , Curcumina/farmacologia , Estrutura Molecular , Oxirredução , Fenóis/química , Picratos/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Propionatos , Quercetina/química , Quercetina/farmacologia , Resveratrol , Estilbenos/química , Estilbenos/farmacologia , Ácidos Sulfônicos/metabolismo , Ácido Vanílico/química , Ácido Vanílico/farmacologiaRESUMO
This study reports on the development of electrospun poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) fibers loaded with synthetic and natural antioxidants in the form of selected types of polyphenols such as vanillic, gallic, syringic acids, catechin or natural spruce bark extract to investigate their release behavior in terms of antioxidant activities. Homogenous fiber morphologies were obtained at specified concentration ranges of pHEMA within the spinning solutions, exhibiting fiber diameters in the range from 0.5±0.1 µm to 1.9±0.5 µm. The addition of polyphenols resulted in an increase of fiber diameters with increasing concentration of additives. This is attributed to the effect of hydrogen bonding between the active ingredients and the polymeric matrix, increasing shear viscosities and thus hindering effective drawing processes during fiber formation. Polyphenol release measurement gave high release rates in a first phase followed by a smooth release at long term. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, used to monitor antioxidant activity, showed that polyphenols had retained their activity after incorporation into the pHEMA nanofibers. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the encapsulation of polyphenols in pHEMA nanofibers can delay to a high extent their degradation induced by environmental factors.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Nanofibras/química , Poli-Hidroxietil Metacrilato/química , Polifenóis/química , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Nanofibras/ultraestrutura , Picea/química , Casca de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ácido Vanílico/química , Ácido Vanílico/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Roscoea purpurea (Zingiberaceae) is commonly known as "kakoli". Traditionally, various parts like leaves, roots and flower etc. are used for the treatment of diabetic, hypertension, diarrhea, fever, inflammation etc. In Nepal tubers are boiled for edible purpose and also used in traditional veterinary medicine. The study aims for nutritional characterization, chemical profiling of R. purpurea (tubers) methanol extract (RPE) along with evaluation of its anti-oxidant activity. Physicochemical and nutritional content were estimated as per standard protocols. Chemical profiling of markers includes method optimization, identification & quantification of bioactive poly phenolics through HPTLC. Anti oxidant potential RPE was analyzed via. Total phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), reducing power assay, DPPH and ß-carotene bleaching model. RESULTS: Physicochemical and nutritional standards were established. Kaempferol (0.30%), vanillic acid (0.27%), protocatechuic (0.14%), syringic (0.80%) and ferulic acid (0.05%) were identified and then quantified. TPC and TFC content were found to be 7.10 ± 0.115 and 6.10 ± 0.055%, reducing power of extract also increases linearly (r(2) = 0.946) with concentration, similar to standards. IC50 value of extract in DPPH and ß-carotene bleaching model was observed at 810.66 ± 1.154 and 600.66 ± 1.154 µg/ml, which is significantly different from standards (p < 0.05). Although there is a positive, significant correlation between the phenolic and flavonoid content with anti oxidant activity of extract. CONCLUSION: Thus, study will authenticates the identity, utility of herb as nutrient supplement and an important medicinal plant having promising pharmacological activities for further elaborated/extended investigation work.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Tubérculos/química , Zingiberaceae/química , Antioxidantes/química , Compostos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Ácidos Cumáricos/isolamento & purificação , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Hidroxibenzoatos/isolamento & purificação , Quempferóis/química , Quempferóis/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/química , Picratos/antagonistas & inibidores , Picratos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ácido Vanílico/química , Ácido Vanílico/isolamento & purificação , beta Caroteno/antagonistas & inibidores , beta Caroteno/químicaRESUMO
The biological properties of polyphenol (PP) depend on its bioaccessibility and bioavailability. Therefore, part of PP released from the food matrix in the gastrointestinal tract through enzymatic hydrolysis is at least partially absorbed. The aim of this study is to determine the bioaccessibility of PP associated with dietary fiber (DF) and the kinetics release of PP in mango (Mangifera indica L.) 'Ataulfo' by-products by an in vitro model. Soluble and insoluble DF values were 7.99 and 18.56% in the mango paste and 6.98 and 22.78% in the mango peel, respectively. PP associated with soluble and insoluble DF was 6.0 and 3.73 g GAE per 100 g in the paste and 4.72 and 4.50 g GAE per 100 g in the peel. The bioaccessibility of PP was 38.67% in the pulp paste and 40.53% in the peel. A kinetics study shows a release rate of 2.66 and 3.27 g PP min(-1) in the paste and peel, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of the paste increased as digestion reached a value of 2.87 mmol TE min(-1) at 180 min. The antioxidant capacity of the peel had its maximum (28.94 mmol TE min(-1)) between 90 and 120 min of digestion; it started with a value of 2.58 mmol TE min(-1), and thereafter increased to 4.20 mmol TE min(-1) at 180 min. The major PPs released during the digestion of paste were gallic and hydroxybenzoic acids, while in the peel, they were hydroxycinnamic and vanillic acids. It was concluded that these phenolic compounds are readily available for absorption in the small intestine and exert different potential health benefits.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Fibras na Dieta/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Frutas/química , Mangifera/química , Modelos Biológicos , Polifenóis/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/economia , Ácidos Cumáricos/análise , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Ácidos Cumáricos/economia , Ácidos Cumáricos/metabolismo , Fibras na Dieta/análise , Fibras na Dieta/economia , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Suplementos Nutricionais/economia , Digestão , Manipulação de Alimentos , Indústria de Processamento de Alimentos/economia , Frutas/economia , Ácido Gálico/análise , Ácido Gálico/química , Ácido Gálico/economia , Ácido Gálico/metabolismo , Humanos , Hidrólise , Hidroxibenzoatos/análise , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Hidroxibenzoatos/economia , Hidroxibenzoatos/metabolismo , Resíduos Industriais/análise , Resíduos Industriais/economia , Absorção Intestinal , Cinética , México , Polifenóis/análise , Polifenóis/química , Polifenóis/economia , Solubilidade , Propriedades de Superfície , Ácido Vanílico/análise , Ácido Vanílico/química , Ácido Vanílico/economia , Ácido Vanílico/metabolismoRESUMO
The effects of germination, steaming and microwave treatments of whole grain millets (barnyard, foxtail and proso) on their phenolic composition, antioxidant activities and inhibitory properties against α-amylase and α-glucosidase were investigated. Compositional analysis of phenolics by HPLC revealed that vanillic and ferulic acids were the principal phenolic acids and kaempferol was the predominant flavonoid found in raw millets. Different processing treatments brought about relevant changes in the composition and content of certain phenolic acids and flavonoids in processed millets. Phenolic extracts of raw and processed millets exhibited multiple antioxidant activities and are also potent inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In general, germinated millets showed highest phenolic content as well as superior antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. These results suggest that germinated millet grains are potential source of phenolic antioxidants and also great sources of strong natural inhibitors for α-amylase and α-glucosidase.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Inibidores Enzimáticos/análise , Hiperglicemia/enzimologia , Panicum/química , Fenóis/análise , Antioxidantes/química , Quelantes/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Flavonoides/análise , Flavonoides/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Germinação/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Íons/química , Quempferóis/química , Oxirredução , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Solventes/química , Ácido Vanílico/química , alfa-Amilases/metabolismo , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismoRESUMO
A new aromatic glycoside (1) was isolated from the roots of Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidtex Miq. Its structure was elucidated as vanillic acid 1-O-[ß-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 â 6)-ß-D-glucopyranoside] ester mainly by analysing the NMR and MS spectral data. In the in vitro assays, compound 1 displayed some TNF-α secretion inhibitory activity.
Assuntos
Apiaceae/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Vanílico/análogos & derivados , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Glicosídeos/química , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Raízes de Plantas/química , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Ácido Vanílico/química , Ácido Vanílico/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Vanílico/farmacologiaRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Buddleja salviifolia leaves are used for the treatment of eye infections and neurodegenerative conditions by various tribes in South Africa. AIM OF STUDY: This study was designed to isolate the phenolic constituents from the leaf extracts of Buddleja salviifolia and evaluate their antimicrobial and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three phenolic compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of a 20% aqueous methanol leaf extract of Buddleja salviifolia using Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel columns. Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was carried out using spectroscopic techniques: mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) and NMR (1D and 2D). The extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial and acetylcholinesterase activities using the microdilution technique. The bacteria used for the antimicrobial assays were Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. RESULTS: The isolated compounds were characterized as: 4'-hydroxyphenyl ethyl vanillate (1) a new natural product, acteoside (2) and quercetin (3). The crude extract, fractions and the isolated compounds from the leaves of the plant exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The EtOAc fraction exhibited good activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values ranging from 780.0 to 390.0 µg/mL. Isolated compound 2 exhibited good activity against Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC value of 62.5 µg/mL. The hexane and DCM fractions of leaves showed the best activity against Candida albicans with MIC and MFC values of 390.0 µg/mL. In the AChE inhibitory test, among the tested extracts, the hexane fraction was the most potent with an IC50 value of 107.4 µg/mL, whereas for the isolated compounds, it was compound (3) (quercetin) with an IC50 value of 66.8 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS: Activities demonstrated by the extracts and isolated compounds support the ethnopharmacological use of Buddleja salviifolia against eye infections and neurodegenerative diseases.
Assuntos
Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Buddleja/química , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antifúngicos/química , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/metabolismo , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Glucosídeos/química , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/metabolismo , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/metabolismo , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Quercetina/química , Quercetina/farmacologia , África do Sul , Ácido Vanílico/química , Ácido Vanílico/farmacologiaRESUMO
Tyrosinase inhibitors from natural plants are currently attracting great interest. In this study, vanillic acid (VA) from red globe amaranth flower was identified as an effective tyrosinase inhibitor. The 50% inhibitory concentration values of VA were 0.53 and 0.63 mg/ml for the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase, respectively. VA did not function as a simple copper chelator, and it did not induce detectable changes in the enzyme conformation. An investigation into the interaction between VA and tyrosinase by docking method revealed that VA was bound to residues at the entrance to the dicopper center. This suggests that VA could strongly inhibit tyrosinase activity by hampering the binding of substrates to tyrosinase. Because of the stability of the complex, VA hindered binding of monophenol substrates better than that of diphenol substrates, which resulted in different inhibitory efficacies. A study of the mechanism of tyrosinase inhibition provided new evidence to elucidate the molecular mechanism of depigmentation by red globe amaranth plant.