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1.
J Med Case Rep ; 18(1): 198, 2024 Apr 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38570871

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The activity level of alkaline phosphatase, a zinc-requiring enzyme in the serum, is used to indicate zinc nutritional status; however, it does not correlate with serum zinc levels or subjective symptoms of taste disorder in many cases. Hence, this study focused on the total activity of alkaline phosphatase, a zinc-requiring enzyme. The total alkaline phosphatasa activity level in the saliva was measured before and after zinc supplementation, and the results were compared with serum zinc levels. CASE PRESENTATION: This study included patients with hypozincemia, specifically a patient with zinc-deficient taste disorder (patient 1: a 69-year-old Japanese woman) and a patient with glossodynia with zinc deficiency (patient 2: an 82-year-old Japanese woman). Saliva samples were collected, and blood tests were performed before and after zinc supplementation. Subjective symptoms and serum zinc levels were simultaneously evaluated. Zinc supplementation was performed using zinc acetate hydrate or Polaprezinc. CONCLUSIONS: Total alkaline phosphatase activity levels were found to be associated with serum zinc levels and subjective symptoms. A further study with a higher number of patients is necessary to confirm whether total alkaline phosphatase activity levels more accurately reflect the amounts of zinc in the body than serum zinc levels.


Assuntos
Fosfatase Alcalina , Zinco , Feminino , Humanos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Saliva/metabolismo , Distúrbios do Paladar/diagnóstico , Acetato de Zinco
2.
BMJ Open ; 13(9): e073761, 2023 09 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37739466

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has caused morbidity, hospitalisation and mortality worldwide. Despite effective vaccines, there is still a need for effective treatments, especially for people in the community. Dietary supplements have long been used to treat respiratory infections, and preliminary evidence indicates some may be effective in people with COVID-19. We sought to evaluate whether a combination of vitamin C, vitamin D3, vitamin K2 and zinc could improve overall health and decrease symptom burden in outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19. METHODS: Participants were randomised to receive either vitamin C (6 g), vitamin D3 (1000 units), vitamin K2 (240 µg) and zinc acetate (75 mg) or placebo daily for 21 days and were followed for 12 weeks. An additional loading dose of 50 000 units vitamin D3 (or placebo) was given on day one. The primary outcome was participant-reported overall health using the EuroQol Visual Assessment Scale summed over 21 days. Secondary outcomes included health status, symptom severity, symptom duration, delayed return to usual health, frequency of hospitalisation and mortality. RESULTS: 90 patients (46 control, 44 treatment) were randomised. The study was stopped prematurely due to insufficient capacity for recruitment. The mean difference (control-treatment) in cumulative overall health was -37.4 (95% CI -157.2 to 82.3), p=0.53 on a scale of 0-2100. No clinically or statistically significant differences were seen in any secondary outcomes. INTERPRETATION: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial of outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19, the dietary supplements vitamin C, vitamin D3, vitamin K2 and zinc acetate showed no clinically or statistically significant effects on the documented measures of health compared with a placebo when given for 21 days. Termination due to feasibility limited our ability to demonstrate the efficacy of these supplements for COVID-19. Further research is needed to determine clinical utility. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04780061.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Acetato de Zinco , Suplementos Nutricionais , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapêutico , Colecalciferol , Vitamina K 2
3.
Microb Pathog ; 182: 106207, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37414303

RESUMO

Quality of apricot fruit is affected by different biotic stresses during growth, harvesting and storage. Due to fungal attack, huge losses of its quality and quantity are observed. The present research was designed for the diagnoses and management of postharvest rot disease of apricot. Infected apricot fruit were collected, and the causative agent was identified as A. tubingensis. To control this disease, both bacterial-mediated nanoparticles (b-ZnO NPs) and mycosynthesized nanoparticles (f-ZnO NPs) were used. Herein, biomass filtrates of one selected fungus (Trichoderma harzianum) and one bacterium (Bacillus safensis) were used to reduce zinc acetate into ZnO NPs. The physiochemical and morphological characters of both types of NPs were determined. UV-vis spectroscopy displayed absorption peaks of f-ZnO NPs and b-ZnO NPs at 310-380 nm, respectively, indicating successful reduction of Zinc acetate by the metabolites of both fungus and bacteria. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) determined the presence of organic compounds like amines, aromatics, alkenes and alkyl halides, on both types of NPs, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed nano-size of f-ZnO NPs (30 nm) and b-ZnO NPs (35 nm). Scanning electron microscopy showed flower-crystalline shape for b-ZnO NPs and spherical-crystalline shape for f-ZnO NPs. Both NPs showed variable antifungal activities at four different concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mg/ml). Diseases control and postharvest changes in apricot fruit were analyzed for 15 days. Among all treatments, 0.50 mg/ml concentration of f-ZnO NPs and 0.75 mg/ml concentration of b-ZnO NPs exhibited the strongest antifungal activity. Comparatively, f-ZnO NPs performed slightly better than b-ZnO NPs. Application of both NPs reduced fruit decay and weight, maintained higher ascorbic acid contents, sustained titratable acidity, and preserved firmness of diseased fruit. Our results suggest that microbial synthesized ZnO NPs can efficiently control fruit rot, extend shelf life, and preserve the quality of apricot.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas , Prunus armeniaca , Óxido de Zinco , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Óxido de Zinco/química , Prunus armeniaca/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Acetato de Zinco , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Bactérias/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antibacterianos/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Difração de Raios X
4.
Food Chem ; 419: 136004, 2023 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37054511

RESUMO

Chitosan (CS) films have poor mechanical property, low water-resistance and limited antimicrobial activity, which hinder their application in food preservation industry. Cinnamaldehyde-tannic acid-zinc acetate nanoparticles (CTZA NPs) assembled from edible medicinal plant extracts were successfully incorporated into CS films to solve these issues. The tensile strength and water contact angle of the composite films increased about 5.25-fold and 17.55°. The addition of CTZA NPs reduced the water sensitivity of CS films, which could undergo appreciable stretching in water without breaking. Furthermore, CTZA NPs significantly enhanced the UV adsorption, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the films, while reduced their water vapor permeability. Moreover, it was possible to print inks onto the films because the presence of the hydrophobic CTZA NPs facilitated the deposition of carbon powder onto their surfaces. The films with great antibacterial and antioxidant activities can be applied for food packaging application.


Assuntos
Quitosana , Nanopartículas , Quitosana/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Taninos , Acetato de Zinco , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Embalagem de Alimentos , Resistência à Tração , Nanopartículas/química
5.
Biol Trace Elem Res ; 201(10): 4912-4925, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36701087

RESUMO

Recently some metal-based nanoparticles have gained serious attention from aquaculture and the fish feed industry as feed supplements. Oral supplementation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in fish feed, replacing Zn acetate (conventionally used zinc), is suggested as a cost-effective and efficient approach. Our study assessed the response of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fingerlings after its diet supplemented with chemically synthesized ZnO-NPs and zinc acetate under controlled conditions. ZnO-NPs were chemically synthesized and characterized. Tilapia fingerlings with an average body weight of 09.12 ± 1.23 g were randomly distributed into five groups. An 8-week trial was set with control and four experimental groups. Basal diet (D1) was used as control, whereas D2, D3 and D4 comprising 20, 40, and 60 mgkg-1 ZnO-NPs supplementation were experimental diets. Additionally, D5 was composed of a basal diet supplemented with 40 mgkg-1 of conventionally used zinc acetate. Significant improvement (P < 0.05) was found in nanoparticles and Zn acetate supplemented groups as compared to control, while the 40 mgkg-1 Zn-NPs supplemented diet (D3) showed best performance in terms of health parameters, oxidative status and disease resistance. Antioxidant profiling was based on catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione's transferase, and malondialdehyde; hematology included Hb, WBCs, RBCs, HCT MCV, MCH and MCHC; immunological parameters comprised IgM, lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose content, and total serum proteins. We report that the D3 (40 mgkg-1 ZnO-NPs supplementation) significantly (P < 0.05) improved health-related parameters as compared to the other groups. Moreover, D3 also showed significantly decreased mortality percentage when challenged by Staphylococcus aureus, while the Zn acetate supplemented diet group showed better results as compared to control. Overall results suggest the basal diet supplemented with 40 mgkg-1 ZnO-NP for enhanced health parameters, oxidative status, immune response, and disease resistance. Hence, 40mgkg-1 ZnO-NP can be recommended to formulate the practical diet of fish to boost health improvement, immunomodulation, and resistance to bacterial disease.


Assuntos
Ciclídeos , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Óxido de Zinco , Animais , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Acetato de Zinco , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolismo , Resistência à Doença , Suplementos Nutricionais , Dieta/veterinária , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Imunomodulação , Ração Animal/análise
6.
Microbiol Spectr ; 10(6): e0115222, 2022 12 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36354329

RESUMO

Rapid increase in resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has hindered antibiotics-based eradication efforts worldwide and raises the need for additional approaches. Here, we investigate the role of zinc-based compounds in inhibiting H. pylori growth and modulating antibiotic sensitivities, interrogate their downstream transcriptomic changes, and highlight the potential mechanism driving the observed effects. We showed that zinc acetate inhibited H. pylori growth and increased H. pylori sensitivity to levofloxacin. Transcriptomic profiling showed distinct gene expression patterns between zinc acetate treated groups versus controls. In particular, we independently replicated the association between zinc acetate treatment and increased ssrA expression. Knockdown of ssrA restored levofloxacin resistance to levels of the control group. In this study, we first demonstrated the role of zinc acetate in H. pylori growth and antibiotic sensitivities. Additionally, we explored the transcriptomic perturbations of zinc acetate followed by functional knockdown follow-up of differentially expressed ssrA, highlighting the role of tmRNA and trans-translation in H. pylori levofloxacin resistance. Our results provide alternative and complementary strategies for H. pylori treatment and shed light on the underlying mechanisms driving these effects. IMPORTANCE Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication plays an important role in gastric cancer prevention, but the antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori is fast becoming a growing concern. In this study, we investigated the role of zinc acetate in inhibiting H. pylori growth and modulating antibiotic sensitivities in vitro. Additionally, we explored the transcriptomic perturbations of zinc acetate followed by functional knockdown follow-up of differentially expressed ssrA, highlighting the role of tmRNA and trans-translation in H. pylori levofloxacin resistance. Our results open up a new horizon for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant H. pylori.


Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Humanos , Levofloxacino/farmacologia , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Acetato de Zinco/farmacologia , Claritromicina/farmacologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Transcriptoma , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética
7.
Toxins (Basel) ; 14(11)2022 10 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36355996

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: This study examined whether zinc supplementation with zinc acetate hydrate improved renal anemia with hypozincemia in patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS: The study participants included 21 patients undergoing hemodialysis who presented with a serum zinc level < 60 mg/dL and who were administered zinc acetate hydrate at 50 mg (reduced to 25 mg, as appropriate) for 6 months. Patients with a hemorrhagic lesion, acute-phase disease (pneumonia or cardiac failure), or hematologic disease and those whose treatment was switched from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis were excluded. The changes in the erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) before and after zinc acetate hydrate administration were examined. ERI was defined as the dose (IU) of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA)/week/body weight (kg)/hemoglobin content (g/dL). The differences between the two groups were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study participants included 19 men and 2 women aged 41-95 years (mean ± standard deviation (SD): 67.1 ± 13.6). The changes in the values of parameters measured before and after zinc acetate hydrate administration were as follows: Blood Hb did not change significantly, from 10.0-13.6 g/dL (11.5 ± 1.0 g/dL) to 10.2-12.4 g/dL (11.4 ± 0.7 g/dL); serum zinc concentration significantly increased, from 33.0-59.0 mg/dL µg/dL (52.4 ± 7.6 mg/dL µg/dL) to 57.0-124.0 mg/dL µg/dL (84.1 ± 16.3 mg/dL µg/dL; p < 0.01); the ESA dose significantly decreased, from 0-12,000 IU/week (5630 ± 3351 IU/week) to 0-9000 IU/week (4428 ± 2779; p = 0.04); and ERI significantly decreased, from 0.0-18.2 (8.1 ± 5.1) to 0.0-16.0 (6.3 ± 4.3; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Zinc supplementation increased the serum zinc concentration and significantly reduced the ESA dose and ERI, suggesting that a correction of hypozincemia contributes to lessening renal anemia in these patients.


Assuntos
Anemia , Hematínicos , Nefropatias , Falência Renal Crônica , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Acetato de Zinco/efeitos adversos , Anemia/tratamento farmacológico , Anemia/etiologia , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Hematínicos/farmacologia , Hematínicos/uso terapêutico , Hemoglobinas , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Zinco/uso terapêutico , Doença Crônica , Suplementos Nutricionais
8.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) ; 68(4): 303-311, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36047102

RESUMO

We aimed to verify antitumor effects of zinc acetate on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro. Five HCC cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, Huh7, HLE and Alex) were used to evaluate the antitumor effects of zinc acetate. Cell viability was determined by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The cell-cycle alteration was evaluated by a flow cytometric analysis and the detection of cell cycle-related proteins. Apoptosis was determined based on the caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (cCK18) levels. The microRNAs (miRNAs) related to an antitumor effect of zinc acetate were identified using microarrays. Zinc acetate significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment with zinc acetate resulted in significantly increased cCK18 levels in the supernatant and enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in HCC cells. The flow cytometric analysis revealed an increase of HCC cells in the S and G2/M phases by the administration of zinc acetate, and the expressions of Cdk2 and cyclin E were increased. The miRNA expression profile of the HCC cells treated with zinc acetate was extremely different from that of the untreated HCC cells. These results suggest that the zinc acetate supplementation induces the apoptosis of HCC cells, but does not affect the cell cycle progression. Upregulation of HO-1 and the alteration of miRNAs' profile may be involved in antitumor effects of zinc acetate in HCC cells.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Acetato de Zinco , Apoptose , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Acetato de Zinco/farmacologia
9.
Nutrients ; 13(11)2021 Oct 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34836165

RESUMO

It is difficult to match annual vaccines against the exact influenza strain that is spreading in any given flu season. Owing to the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains, new approaches for treating influenza are needed. Euglena gracilis (hereinafter Euglena), microalga, used as functional foods and supplements, have been shown to alleviate symptoms of influenza virus infection in mice. However, the mechanism underlying the inhibitory action of microalgae against the influenza virus is unknown. Here, we aimed to study the antiviral activity of Euglena extract against the influenza virus and the underlying action mechanism using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Euglena extract strongly inhibited infection by all influenza virus strains examined, including those resistant to the anti-influenza drugs oseltamivir and amantadine. A time-of-addition assay revealed that Euglena extract did not affect the cycle of virus replication, and cell pretreatment or prolonged treatment of infected cells reduced the virus titer. Thus, Euglena extract may activate the host cell defense mechanisms, rather than directly acting on the influenza virus. Moreover, various minerals, mainly zinc, in Euglena extract were found to be involved in the antiviral activity of the extract. In conclusion, Euglena extract could be a potent agent for preventing and treating influenza.


Assuntos
Antivirais , Misturas Complexas/farmacologia , Euglena , Vírus da Influenza A/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vírus da Influenza B/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Cães , Euglena/química , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vírus da Influenza A/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Influenza B/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Madin Darby de Rim Canino , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Zinco/análise , Acetato de Zinco/farmacologia
10.
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther ; 37(9): 518-524, 2021 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34558962

RESUMO

Purpose: To measure the serum levels of the oxidative stress markers superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and compare them before and after zinc supplementation in patients with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: We measured serum zinc levels in 65 patients with early AMD. Of these, 29 patients with macular drusen and a serum zinc level <80 µg/dL received oral zinc acetate dihydrate (50 mg/day). Serum trace metal levels (zinc and copper) and oxidative stress marker levels (SOD, MDA, and GPx) were measured at baseline and 12 weeks after the treatment. The macular drusen areas and best-corrected visual acuity were evaluated in 24 participants who attended the 3-month follow-up. Results: MDA level was significantly decreased from baseline to 12 weeks after zinc administration (170.5 ± 100.9 vs. 148.3 ± 57.9 pmol/mL, P = 0.03), while SOD was significantly increased from baseline to 12 weeks after zinc intake (4.2 ± 0.9 vs. 4.6 ± 0.9 U/mL, P = 0.03). The serum zinc level was significantly correlated with the MDA level (P = 0.03, ρ = -0.26). The area of soft drusen was significantly decreased after zinc treatment (1,936,654.9 ± 1,348,267.6 vs. 966,883.9 ± 719,938.1 µmm2, P = 0.04). Conclusions: The levels of oxidative stress markers MDA and SOD decreased and increased, respectively, after oral zinc administration to 24 patients with AMD. The therapeutic effect of zinc treatment on drusen area might differ depending on the drusen phenotype in early AMD.


Assuntos
Degeneração Macular/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetato de Zinco/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Biomarcadores , Cobre/administração & dosagem , Cobre/sangue , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Glutationa Peroxidase/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Drusas do Disco Óptico/patologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Superóxido Dismutase/efeitos dos fármacos , Acuidade Visual , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Zinco/sangue
11.
Molecules ; 27(1)2021 Dec 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35011237

RESUMO

In this work, the assessment of Azadirachta indica, Tagetes erecta, Chrysanthemum morifolium, and Lentinula edodes extracts as catalysts for the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was performed. The photocatalytic properties of ZnO NPs were investigated by the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under sunlight irradiation. UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET) were used for the characterization of samples. The XRD results indicate that all synthesized nanoparticles have a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure, which was confirmed by TEM. Further, TEM analysis proved the formation of spherical and hemispherical nanoparticles of ZnO with a size in the range of 14-32 nm, which were found in aggregate shape; such a size was well below the size of the particles synthesized with no extract (~43 nm). ZnO NPs produced with Tagetes erecta and Lentinula edodes showed the best photocatalytic activity, matching with the maximum adsorbed MB molecules (45.41 and 58.73%, respectively). MB was completely degraded in 45 min using Tagetes erecta and 120 min using Lentinula edodes when subjected to solar irradiation.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Tagetes/química , Acetato de Zinco/química , Óxido de Zinco/química , Catálise , Química Verde , Azul de Metileno/química , Fotólise , Folhas de Planta/química , Luz Solar , Poluição Química da Água
12.
Clin Exp Nephrol ; 24(10): 955-962, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32557260

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To investigate whether pre-dialysis level of serum creatinine (SCre) could indicate the responsiveness to zinc supplementation of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the results of our previous randomized study of 91 patients who had been on MHD and received zinc supplementation with either zinc acetate hydrate (ZAH; zinc, 50 mg/day) or polaprezinc (PPZ; zinc, 34 mg/day). A late response to zinc supplementation was defined as a serum zinc level of < 80 µg/dL three months after the study began. Patients were divided into two groups: late response (serum zinc level < 80 µg/dL) and early response (serum zinc level ≥ 80 µg/dL). Factors independently associated with a late response to zinc supplementation were determined using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) multivariate logistic analysis. RESULTS: Of 91 patients, 86 continued to receive zinc supplementation after three months. The mean pre-dialysis SCre level was 10.0 mg/dL. The number of patients with a late response and response to zinc supplementation was 32 and 54, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between the pre-dialysis SCre and the Δserum zinc change for 3 months. (r = - 0.284, P = 0.008). IPTW multivariate analysis showed that a pre-dialysis SCre level ≥ 10.0 mg/dL (odds ratio, 3.71; 95% confidence interval; 1.24-11.1, P = 0.022) was an independent factor associated with a late response to zinc supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-dialysis SCre level was independently associated with responsiveness to zinc supplementation after three months in patients on MHD.


Assuntos
Carnosina/análogos & derivados , Creatinina/sangue , Falência Renal Crônica/sangue , Compostos Organometálicos/administração & dosagem , Acetato de Zinco/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antiulcerosos/administração & dosagem , Carnosina/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Feminino , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diálise Renal , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Zinco/sangue , Zinco/deficiência , Compostos de Zinco/administração & dosagem
13.
Int J Infect Dis ; 99: 307-309, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32522597

RESUMO

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic with substantial mortality and no accepted therapy. We report here on four consecutive outpatients with clinical characteristics (CDC case definition) of and/or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were treated with high dose zinc salt oral lozenges. All four patients experienced significant improvement in objective and symptomatic disease measures after one day of high dose therapy suggesting that zinc therapy was playing a role in clinical recovery. A mechanism for zinc's effects is proposed based on previously published studies on SARS- CoV-1, and randomized controlled trials assessing zinc shortening of common cold duration. The limited sample size and study design preclude a definitive statement about the effectiveness of zinc as a treatment for COVID-19 but suggest the variables to be addressed to confirm these initial findings in future trials.


Assuntos
Betacoronavirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Coronavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Gluconatos/administração & dosagem , Oxigênio/administração & dosagem , Pneumonia Viral/tratamento farmacológico , Acetato de Zinco/administração & dosagem , Adulto , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Dispneia/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , SARS-CoV-2
14.
Ther Apher Dial ; 24(5): 568-577, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31794152

RESUMO

The efficacy and safety of zinc acetate hydrate (ZAH) for zinc supplementation in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) remains unknown. In this prospective, single-center, open-label, parallel-group trial for MHD patients with serum zinc level <70 µg/dL, we compared ZAH (zinc; 50 mg/day) and polaprezinc (PPZ; zinc; 34 mg/day) beyond 6-month administration in a 1:1 randomization manner. The ZAH and PPZ groups had 44 and 47 patients, respectively. At 3 months, the change rate of serum zinc levels in the ZAH group was significantly higher than that in the PPZ group. Three months after the study, serum copper levels significantly decreased in the ZAH group, but not in the PPZ group. No significant differences were noted in anemia management in either group. ZAH was superior to PPZ in increasing serum zinc levels. Clinicians should note the stronger decline in serum copper levels when using ZAH for MHD patients.


Assuntos
Carnosina/análogos & derivados , Desnutrição/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos Organometálicos/uso terapêutico , Diálise Renal/métodos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Acetato de Zinco/uso terapêutico , Zinco/deficiência , Idoso , Antiulcerosos/sangue , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Carnosina/sangue , Carnosina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/sangue , Desnutrição/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Compostos Organometálicos/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/sangue , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Resultado do Tratamento , Zinco/sangue , Acetato de Zinco/sangue , Compostos de Zinco/sangue , Compostos de Zinco/uso terapêutico
15.
Biol Trace Elem Res ; 195(1): 71-81, 2020 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31392541

RESUMO

The essential trace element zinc maintains liver functions. Liver diseases can alter overall zinc concentrations, and hypozincemia is associated with various hepatic pathologies. Modulating systemic zinc through dietary supplementation is potentially useful for liver diseases. We evaluated the usefulness of zinc (NPC-02; acetate formulation) supplementation. We conducted two NPC-02 studies on zinc-deficient patients (serum zinc < 70 µg/dL). Study 1: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on 57 subjects with chronic liver diseases comparing serum zinc in patients given NPC-02 (NPC-02 group) versus placebo (Placebo group). Study 2: dose adjustment study on 43 subjects with/without liver diseases to determine proportions maintaining serum zinc target (≥ 80 µg/dL but < 200 µg/dL). In study 1, NPC-02 subjects had higher serum zinc concentrations at week 8 than Placebo subjects (83.2 ± 20.2 and 61.3 ± 12.0, respectively; P < 0.0001), and more NPC-02 than Placebo subjects achieved the serum zinc target (15/27 vs. 1/26). In study 2, the NPC-02-induced serum zinc increase was dose-dependent in subjects both with and without liver diseases (r = 0.5143, P = 0.0022 and r = 0.5753, P = 0.0005, respectively). Interestingly, there was a marginally positive correlation between serum zinc and albumin levels in subjects with but not in those without liver diseases (r = 0.4028, P = 0.0631 and r = 0.1360, P = 0.5567, respectively). NPC-02 dose-dependently increases serum zinc in hypozincemic patients, regardless of liver disease. NPC-02 is a potentially effective therapy for liver cirrhosis, in which zinc deficiency is common. Clinical trial registry number: NCT02337569, NCT02321865.


Assuntos
Hepatopatias/sangue , Acetato de Zinco/sangue , Zinco/sangue , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Suplementos Nutricionais , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Hepatopatias/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acetato de Zinco/administração & dosagem
16.
Int J Mol Sci ; 20(9)2019 Apr 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31035445

RESUMO

Zinc is one of the most important essential trace elements. It is involved in more than 300 enzyme systems and is an indispensable participant in many biochemical processes. Zinc deficiency causes a number of disorders in the human body, the main ones being the delay of growth and puberty, immune disorders, and cognitive dysfunctions. There are over two billion people in the world suffering from zinc deficiency conditions. Acyzol, a zinc-containing medicine, developed as an antidote against carbon monoxide poisoning, demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological activities: Anti-inflammatory, reparative, detoxifying, immunomodulatory, bacteriostatic, hepatoprotective, adaptogenic, antioxidant, antihypoxic, and cardioprotective. The presence of zinc in the composition of Acyzol suggests the potential of the drug in the treatment and prevention of zinc deficiency conditions, such as Prasad's disease, immune system pathology, alopecia, allergodermatoses, prostate dysfunction, psoriasis, stomatitis, periodontitis, and delayed mental and physical development in children. Currently, the efficiency of Acyzol in the cases of zinc deficiency is shown in a large number of experimental studies. So, Acyzol can be used as a highly effective drug for pharmacologic therapy of a wide range of diseases and conditions and it opens up new perspectives in the treatment and prevention of zinc deficiency conditions.


Assuntos
Distúrbios Nutricionais/tratamento farmacológico , Distúrbios Nutricionais/etiologia , Oligoelementos/deficiência , Acetato de Zinco/uso terapêutico , Zinco/deficiência , Animais , Estudos Clínicos como Assunto , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Imidazóis/química , Camundongos , Distúrbios Nutricionais/diagnóstico , Distúrbios Nutricionais/prevenção & controle , Resultado do Tratamento , Acetato de Zinco/química , Acetato de Zinco/farmacologia
17.
Acta Med Okayama ; 72(5): 535-538, 2018 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30369613

RESUMO

Some patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving hemodialysis develop erythropoietin-resistant anemia, possibly due to zinc deficiency. The frequency of zinc deficiency in CKD (stages 1-5 and 5D) and CKD improvement via zinc supplementation are not completely verified. Here 500 CKD patients (Stage 1/2, n=100; Stage 3, n=100; Stage 4, n=100, Stage n=5, 100; Stage 5D, n=100) will be recruited to determine the frequency of serum zinc deficiency at each CKD stage. Patients with serum zinc concentrations <80 µg/dL will be treated with zinc acetate dihydrate (NobelzinR) to evaluate its effects on hypozincemia, taste disturbances, and anemia.


Assuntos
Anemia/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Distúrbios do Paladar/tratamento farmacológico , Acetato de Zinco/uso terapêutico , Zinco/deficiência , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/sangue , Adulto Jovem , Zinco/sangue
18.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol ; 313(6): G537-G548, 2017 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28864501

RESUMO

During the postweaning period, piglets are prone to gastrointestinal infections. The resulting impairment of intestinal barrier function may cause diarrhea associated with growth retardation or even death of piglets. Orally applied Zn is commonly used to prevent and treat diarrhea, but its mode of action still needs to be elucidated. To analyze the molecular mechanism whereby Zn acts on porcine intestinal barrier function, ex vivo studies on piglet jejunum and accompanying in vitro studies on a porcine jejunal epithelial cell line, IPEC-J2/PS, were performed with electrophysiological tools. Feeding pharmacological Zn doses exerted no significant electrophysiologically ascertainable short- and long-term effects on jejunal barrier function ex vivo. However, in IPEC-J2/PS, basolateral Zn was cytotoxic since its application caused a release of lactate dehydrogenase and an irreversible breakdown of the epithelial barrier. In contrast, apical Zn application caused an immediate increase in paracellular resistance and a decrease in permeability to the paracellular marker fluorescein, reflecting overall barrier strengthening in vitro. Apical effects were fully reversible upon washout. This indicates that Zn supplemented to feed was completely washed out during ex vivo jejunum preparation. We conclude that there is no evidence for long-term barrier effects through prophylactic Zn supplementation and that extracellular Zn acts acutely and reversibly from the apical side via tightening the paracellular route, thus counteracting leak-flux diarrhea.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Therapeutically administered Zn successfully treats diarrhea in veterinary and human medicine. Here we present data that Zn strengthens the porcine jejunal epithelial barrier by reversibly tightening the paracellular route for inorganic ions and small solutes. Acute or long-lasting Zn effects on transcellular transport (Cl- secretion) were not detected. We therefore conclude that Zn is useful for acutely treating leak-flux diarrhea rather than secretory diarrhea. Suitability as prophylactic feed supplement, however, is questionable.


Assuntos
Polaridade Celular , Suplementos Nutricionais , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Junções Intercelulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Jejuno/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetato de Zinco/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Aminoácidos/farmacologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Bicarbonatos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Claudinas/metabolismo , Condutividade Elétrica , Impedância Elétrica , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Junções Intercelulares/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/citologia , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Jejuno/citologia , Jejuno/metabolismo , Permeabilidade , Sus scrofa , Fatores de Tempo , Acetato de Zinco/administração & dosagem
19.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev ; 12: CD005978, 2016 12 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27915460

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children younger than five years of age. Most deaths occur during infancy and in low-income countries. Daily zinc supplements have been reported to prevent acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and reduce child mortality. This is an update of a review first published in 2010. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of zinc supplementation in the prevention of pneumonia in children aged two to 59 months. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL (Issue 21 October 2016), MEDLINE (1966 to October 2016), Embase (1974 to October 2016), LILACS (1982 to October 2016), CINAHL (1981 to October 2016), Web of Science (1985 to October 2016) and IMSEAR (1980 to October 2016). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating zinc supplementation for the prevention of pneumonia in children aged from 2 months to 59 months. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS: We did not identify any new studies for inclusion in this update. We included six studies that involved 5193 participants.Analysis showed that zinc supplementation reduced the incidence of pneumonia by 13% (fixed-effect risk ratio (RR) 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81 to 0.94, six studies, low-quality evidence) and prevalence of pneumonia by 41% (random-effects RR 0.59; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.99, one study, n = 609, low-quality evidence). On subgroup analysis, we found that zinc reduced the incidence of pneumonia defined by specific clinical criteria by 21% (i.e. confirmation by chest examination or chest radiograph) (fixed-effect RR 0.79; 95% CI 0.0.71 to 0.88, four studies, n = 3261), but had no effect on lower specificity pneumonia case definition (i.e. age-specific fast breathing with or without lower chest indrawing) (fixed-effect RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.86 to 1.06, four studies, n = 1932). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Zinc supplementation in children is associated with a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of pneumonia.


Assuntos
Pneumonia/prevenção & controle , Compostos de Zinco/administração & dosagem , Pré-Escolar , Gluconatos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Lactente , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Acetato de Zinco/administração & dosagem , Sulfato de Zinco/administração & dosagem
20.
Molecules ; 21(8)2016 Aug 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27537870

RESUMO

Chlorophyll-type contaminants are commonly encountered in the isolation and determination of flavones of plant aerial plant parts. Heme is also a difficult background substance in whole blood analysis. Both chlorophyll and heme are porphyrin type compounds. In this study, a rapid method for isolating flavones with 5-hydroxyl or ortho-hydroxyl groups from biological samples was developed based on the different solubilities of porphyrin-metal and flavone-metal complexes. It is important that other background substances, e.g., proteins and lipids, are also removed from flavones without an additional processing. The recoveries of scutellarin, baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside and wogonin, which are the primary constituents of Scutellaria baicalensis (skullcaps) were 99.65% ± 1.02%, 98.98% ± 0.73%, 99.65% ± 0.03%, 97.59% ± 0.09% and 95.19% ± 0.47%, respectively. As a sample pretreatment procedure, this method was coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with good separation, sensitivity and linearity and was applied to determine the flavone content in different aerial parts of S. baicalensis and in dried blood spot samples.


Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Teste em Amostras de Sangue Seco/métodos , Flavonas/isolamento & purificação , Scutellaria baicalensis/química , Acetato de Zinco/química , Apigenina/isolamento & purificação , Flavanonas/isolamento & purificação , Flavonas/química , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Glucosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glucuronatos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Componentes Aéreos da Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/química
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