RESUMO
The genera Acremonium and Sarocladium comprise a high diversity of morphologically and genetically related fungi generally found in the environment, although a few species, mainly Sarocladium kiliense and Acremonium egyptiacum, can also be involved in many human infections. Clinical management of opportunistic infections caused by these fungi is very complex, since their correct identification is unreliable, and they generally show poor antifungal response. More than 300 clinical cases involving a broad range of Acremonium/Sarocladium infections have so far been published, and with this review we aim to compile and provide a detailed overview of the current knowledge on Acremonium/Sarocladium human infections in terms of presentation, diagnosis, treatments and prognoses. We also aim to summarise and discuss the data currently available on their antifungal susceptibility, emphasising the promising results obtained with voriconazole as well as their impact in terms of animal infections.
Assuntos
Hypocreales , Micoses , Infecções Oportunistas , Acremonium/classificação , Acremonium/efeitos dos fármacos , Acremonium/isolamento & purificação , Acremonium/patogenicidade , Animais , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Artrite/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite/microbiologia , Sangue/microbiologia , Infecções do Sistema Nervoso Central/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções do Sistema Nervoso Central/microbiologia , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Endocardite/tratamento farmacológico , Endocardite/microbiologia , Infecções Oculares/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares/microbiologia , Humanos , Hypocreales/classificação , Hypocreales/efeitos dos fármacos , Hypocreales/isolamento & purificação , Hypocreales/patogenicidade , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/patologia , Micetoma/tratamento farmacológico , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Micoses/patologia , Micoses/veterinária , Onicomicose/tratamento farmacológico , Onicomicose/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oportunistas/patologia , Infecções Oportunistas/veterinária , Osteomielite/tratamento farmacológico , Osteomielite/microbiologia , Peritonite/tratamento farmacológico , Peritonite/microbiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , Voriconazol/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Two new compounds, (22E)-25-carboxy-8ß,14ß-epoxy-4α,5α-dihydroxyergosta-2,22-dien-7-one (1) and fusidione (3), along with two known compounds, 5α,8α-epidioxy ergosta-6,22-diene-3ß-ol (2) and microperfuranone (4), were isolated from the fermentation products of the marine-sourced fungus Acremonium fusidioides RZ01. The structures of compounds 1 and 3 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR, and their absolute configurations were suggested on the basis of the circular dichroism spectral analysis and the NOESY data. Both new compounds showed inhibitory activity against HL-60 cells with IC50 values being16.6 and 44.9 µmol·L-1, respectively.