RESUMO
"Ningbo oriental acupuncture-moxibustion society" was founded in 1930 by ZHANG Junyi. At that era, the enrollment conditions were flexible, the disciplines of warm moxibustion and acupuncture-moxibustion were set and taught by means of face-to-face class and correspondence one. The teaching content included the knowledge of western learning and traditional theory of acupuncture-moxibustion. The Society issued two periodicals, MedicalNewspaper of Warm Moxibustion and Oriental Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the staffs of the Society compiled teaching materials such as Warm Moxibustion and Advanced Acupuncture-Moxibustion, translated relevant books and improved the device and herbal medicine of warm moxibustion. The students trained in the Society worked all of the country and engaged in various professional fields. "Ningbo oriental acupuncture-moxibustion society" has cultivated a large number of excellent talents, adhering the teaching concept of integration of Chinese and western medicine, and has made the contribution to the preservation of precious literature, and promoting the innovation of acupuncture-moxibustion technology and the dissemination of warm moxibustion.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Acupuntura , Moxibustão , Humanos , Acupuntura/educação , Estudantes , AprendizagemRESUMO
There are the differences in the location of some acupoints between textbooks Meridians and Acupoints and Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Both of the textbooks are in the category of the "14th Five-Year Plan". The differences in acupoint location have brought some confusion for students, full-time teachers and researchers in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. In the paper, based on GB/T 12346-2021ï¼ Nomenclature and Location of Meridian Points, published in2021, and in reference with GB/T 12346-2006ï¼ Nomenclature and Location of Acupuncture Points, published in 2006, the discrepancy in the acupoint location was systematically collated in the aspects of the expression style and layout, text expression and potential difference of location between these two textbooks, published by China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Medical Publishing House and China Science Publishing. Based on the historical evolution and the academic controversy of acupoint positioning, the reasons of the differences in acupoint location were analyzed, the potential influences on the teaching, examination, competition and research of Chinese medicine acupuncture were explored, and the suggestions for solution were proposed.
Assuntos
Pontos de Acupuntura , Terapia por Acupuntura , Meridianos , Moxibustão , Humanos , Moxibustão/história , China , Acupuntura/educação , Acupuntura/história , Medicina Tradicional ChinesaRESUMO
A sustainable training system for acupuncture-moxibustion and tuina professionals, integrating "medicine, industry, education and research" is established, under the main framework of the medicine-engineering interdiscipline, and with the consideration of the issues of medicine, the application of engineering technology, the thinking approaches of sciences, and the collaboration of business studies. It is the potential power to support the development of traditional medicine. Through analyzing the difficulties of the medicine-engineering interdiscipline of acupuncture specialty, and in association with the experiences of the early-stage development of the collaboration between medicine and engineering, the paper presents the cases of China's higher education reform and transformation under the background of "emerging medical education" so as to explore a replicable personnel training mode.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Acupuntura , Educação Médica , Moxibustão , Humanos , Acupuntura/educação , ChinaRESUMO
For more than half a centuryï¼the modern bioresearch in acupuncture has made remarkable advancements, proving scientific basis underlying the traditional, intuitive treatment, as well as leading to some new discoveries with the potential to enhance the effectiveness of acupuncture as we know it. Meanwhile, the clinical researches have started to shift its paradigm from traditional individual observation to modern evidence-based medicine. However, there is little interaction between basic and clinic researches, which are like two separate worlds, not benefiting each other. Also the education and training of acupuncture are still traditional style, little combining with modern studies. To bridging the large gap, we need translational science involving in. In this article, with a critical reviews of the limitations of the traditional methods of acupuncture, the challenges faced by clinic practices and placebo-control studies, and the advantages and disadvantages of basic research, we propose a methodological paradigm of the translational research, Translational Acupuncture Research Spectrum, that meets the current situation of acupuncture researches, hoping to give insights into this field and to promote modern acupuncture to move towards a new stage.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Acupuntura , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica , Ciência Translacional Biomédica , Acupuntura/educação , Medicina Tradicional ChinesaRESUMO
Talent team construction is the foundation of translational medicine research of acupuncture and moxibustion. In college education and continuing education after graduation, with the idea of translational medicine, it is necessary to cultivate both the ability of basic research and clinical skills for the students of traditional Chinese medicine, especially those majored in acupuncture and moxibustion, as well as train the acupuncture-moxibustion researchers who qualified with medical practitioner to contact with clinical practice, discover clinical scientific problems and research priorities, and engage in basic research at the same time. Acupuncture-moxibustion practitioners with higher education should be trained to be able to engage in basic and development researches on the premise of improving their clinical ability, so as to cultivate more translational research talents, build translational research team, and promote the pace of research and application of acupuncture-moxibustion translational medicine.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Acupuntura , Moxibustão , Humanos , Ciência Translacional Biomédica , Acupuntura/educação , Medicina Tradicional ChinesaRESUMO
Utilizadas de forma complementaria, alternada o integrada con la medicina convencional, la demanda de la población por las terapias no convencionales se ha incrementado considerablemente en las últimas décadas, requiriendo de los médicos un conocimiento de las nociones básicas de tales enfoques terapéuticos para orientar a sus pacientes en relación con tratamientos distintos a aquellos que suelen prescribir. Entre las mismas, la homeopatía y la acupuntura se han considerado especialidades médicas en Brasil durante varias décadas. Objetivo: Describir el estado actual de la formación médica en terapias no convencionales (homeopatía y acupuntura) alrededor del mundo. Métodos: Actualizamos los datos relacionados con los estudios y revisiones publicados hasta 2013 a través de una revisión de los estudios más recientes incluidos en la base de datos PubMed. Resultados: En todos los países, la enseñanza de terapias no convencionales se considera un tema relevante para la formación de médicos como una función del creciente interés de la población en su uso, con un amplia variedad de enfoques dirigidos a los estudiantes de licenciatura y posgrado, médicos residentes y profesionales con otras especialidades médicas. Conclusiones: Las escuelas brasileñas de medicina deben proporcionar a los estudiantes de licenciatura y posgrado, así como a los médicos residentes, un conocimiento preciso de los supuestos teóricos y enfoques clínico-terapéuticos propios de la homeopatía y la acupuntura, entre otras terapias no convencionales.
Used as complementary to, alternating or integrated with mainstream medicine, the population's demand for non-conventional therapies has substantially increased in the past decades, requiring from doctors knowledge on the basic notions of such therapeutics to orient their patients regarding treatments different to the ones they usually prescribe. Among them, homeopathy and acupuncture are considered medical specialties in Brazil for various decades. Aim: To describe the current state of medical education in non-conventional therapies (homeopathy and acupuncture) around the world. Methods: We updated data resulting from studies and reviews published until 2013 through a review of more recent studies included in database PubMed. Results: In all countries the teaching of non-conventional therapies is considered a relevant topic for the training of doctors as a function of the increasing interest of the population in their use, with a broad range of approaches targeting undergraduate and graduate students, medical residents and doctors from other medical specialties. Conclusions: The Brazilian medical schools must provide undergraduate and graduate students and medical residents accurate knowledge on the theoretical assumptions and clinical-therapeutic approaches proper to homeopathy and acupuncture, among other non-conventional therapies.
Assuntos
Avaliação Curricular das Faculdades de Medicina , Acupuntura/educação , Capacitação de Recursos Humanos em Saúde , Homeopatia/educaçãoRESUMO
In order to specify the information expression of acupuncture effect and realize the knowledge reuse and sharing, in view of animal experiments and clinical trials, the relevant knowledge of acupuncture effect is allocated. Using seven-step method and Protégé5.5.0 tool, the ontology of acupuncture effect is constructed on the base of ISO/TS 16843-6: 2022. A total of 199 classes are constructed, including 7 categories (acupuncture point, acupuncture therapy, needling method, biological process, genes and gene products, disorder, and anatomic structure), 12 object properties, 1 108 instances and 5 123 axioms. A semantic network with the characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion is established and the structured expression for the knowledge of acupuncture effects is obtained, which lays the foundation for the innovation and development in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Acupuntura , Moxibustão , Acupuntura/educação , Pontos de Acupuntura , ConhecimentoRESUMO
In order to specify the information expression of acupuncture effect and realize the knowledge reuse and sharing, in view of animal experiments and clinical trials, the relevant knowledge of acupuncture effect is allocated. Using seven-step method and Protégé5.5.0 tool, the ontology of acupuncture effect is constructed on the base of ISO/TS 16843-6: 2022. A total of 199 classes are constructed, including 7 categories (acupuncture point, acupuncture therapy, needling method, biological process, genes and gene products, disorder, and anatomic structure), 12 object properties, 1 108 instances and 5 123 axioms. A semantic network with the characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion is established and the structured expression for the knowledge of acupuncture effects is obtained, which lays the foundation for the innovation and development in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Acupuntura/educação , Moxibustão , Pontos de Acupuntura , ConhecimentoRESUMO
Based on the clinical needs and examination requirements of standardized training students, the China national standardized training textbook Acupuncture and Moxibustion for residents of traditional Chinese medicine has made innovations in the textbook content and form. In the part of meridians and acupoints, the classic original text is introduced and the main indications and operation methods of 200 commonly-used acupoints are summarized in the form of tables. In the part of acupuncture and moxibustion technique, the operating procedures are standardized and the core technical points of 20 commonly-used acupuncture and moxibustion techniques are summarized in the form of flow chart. In the part of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, 48 typical diseases are introduced in the form of case discussion, highlighting the problem orientation and demonstrating the diagnosis and treatment procedures.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Acupuntura , Moxibustão , Acupuntura/educação , China , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional ChinesaRESUMO
By arranging Mr. LU Shan-zhong's papers and works, his academic contributions to acupuncture and moxibustion were summarized. It mainly includes standardizing the clinical diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion, and finding the fusion point of the western and traditional medicine; building the acupuncture and moxibustion education system, innovating acupuncture and moxibustion talent training programs; exploring the academic connotation of acupuncture and moxibustion, and promoting acupuncture and moxibustion therapy.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Acupuntura , Moxibustão , Acupuntura/educação , Pontos de Acupuntura , China , Medicina Tradicional , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: People have been teaching self-acupuncture (SA) in the United Kingdom since 1977. More recently, a small body of research has been conducted on SA. However, detailed guidelines on teaching and delivery of SA have so far, to our knowledge, not been developed. METHODS: Acupuncturists were invited to participate in an online survey about their experiences of teaching SA. Data from the survey were extracted, analysed using descriptive statistics and translated into SA teaching guidelines. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-eight acupuncturists completed the survey. Nineteen percent of participants had taught SA. The most common symptoms for which acupuncturists taught SA were pain, nausea, anxiety, hot flushes, headaches/migraines and breathlessness. The six most commonly taught traditional acupuncture point locations were LI4, ST36, SP6, PC6, LR3 and TE5. No participants had received reports of adverse effects from their patients. CONCLUSION: Acupuncturists who teach SA find it to be an acceptable and safe option for patients. The presented data have important implications for guiding the practice of SA.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Acupuntura , Acupuntura/educação , Pontos de Acupuntura , Terapia por Acupuntura/efeitos adversos , Fogachos/etiologia , Humanos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
By arranging Mr. LU Shan-zhong's papers and works, his academic contributions to acupuncture and moxibustion were summarized. It mainly includes standardizing the clinical diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion, and finding the fusion point of the western and traditional medicine; building the acupuncture and moxibustion education system, innovating acupuncture and moxibustion talent training programs; exploring the academic connotation of acupuncture and moxibustion, and promoting acupuncture and moxibustion therapy.
Assuntos
Acupuntura/educação , Pontos de Acupuntura , Terapia por Acupuntura , China , Medicina Tradicional , Moxibustão , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
Based on the clinical needs and examination requirements of standardized training students, the China national standardized training textbook Acupuncture and Moxibustion for residents of traditional Chinese medicine has made innovations in the textbook content and form. In the part of meridians and acupoints, the classic original text is introduced and the main indications and operation methods of 200 commonly-used acupoints are summarized in the form of tables. In the part of acupuncture and moxibustion technique, the operating procedures are standardized and the core technical points of 20 commonly-used acupuncture and moxibustion techniques are summarized in the form of flow chart. In the part of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, 48 typical diseases are introduced in the form of case discussion, highlighting the problem orientation and demonstrating the diagnosis and treatment procedures.
Assuntos
Humanos , Acupuntura/educação , Terapia por Acupuntura , China , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , MoxibustãoRESUMO
Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D motion tracking technology to measure the kinematic parameters of the joints of fingers during acupuncture manipulation (AM) and establish three technical indicators "amplitude, velocity and time". This method can reflect the operation characteristics of AM and provide quantitative parameters along three axes of multiple finger joints. The current evidence shows that the method has great potential for future applications such as the study of the dose-effect relationship of acupuncture, teaching, and learning of AM, and the measurement and preservation of famous acupuncturists' AM.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Acupuntura , Acupuntura/educação , Terapia por Acupuntura/métodos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Dedos , Movimento (Física)RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The National Academy of Medicine recommends, and Joint Commission requires, offering non-pharmacologic approaches to pain management, including acupuncture, to reduce opioid overuse in the United States. This study describes 2019 state training requirements to evaluate how they represent opportunities and barriers to increasing access to acupuncture. METHODS: We searched publicly available databases to identify Acupuncture Practice Acts and additional statutes and regulations pertaining to acupuncture training requirements on state licensure board websites. We then extracted state-specific acupuncture training requirements for individuals with and without a healthcare-related professional license. RESULTS: Thirty-three states allow physicians to provide acupuncture without requiring any additional training requirements, 11 states and the District of Columbia (DC) require 200-300 training hours, and three require physicians to obtain a separate acupuncture license. Three states have no regulatory agency ruling. Forty states require non-healthcare professionals to complete an accredited program of more than 1900 h and pass an examination. Twenty-three states have an Acupuncture Detoxification Specialist designation allowing individuals without a clinical professional license to provide auricular acupuncture for substance use disorder treatment after a 70-h training course. DISCUSSION: State-level training requirements are intended to increase safe and effective care, but variations represent a potential barrier to increasing the number of acupuncture providers in the United States. Allowing non-physician medical professionals to complete reduced training requirements for specific indications could be a model to increase access to acupuncture. The influence of training requirements on acupuncture access and opioid overuse needs examination.
Assuntos
Acupuntura/educação , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Ensino/normas , Acupuntura/legislação & jurisprudência , Pessoal de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Pessoal de Saúde/normas , Humanos , Licenciamento , Ensino/legislação & jurisprudência , Ensino/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Tempo , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The proportional method of acupuncture point location (APL) currently taught at Endeavor College of Natural Health and advocated by the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) was found to be imprecise and/or inaccurate in previous student studies. The ruler and elastic methods of APL were identified as more accurate or precise than the proportional method of APL but were not well received by student participants. Use of an adjustable ruler may overcome barriers to uptake of the more accurate APL methods. This pilot study was the first to evaluate the comparative accuracy of the adjustable ruler and the proportional methods of APL in first-year students at a major Australian acupuncture training college. METHODS: After 10 weeks of in-class instruction in both proportional and adjustable ruler methods of APL, student participants (n = 14) attempted location of three acupuncture points (LI10, SP6 and ST38) on a volunteer using both APL methods of interest. A self-administered questionnaire and lecturer field notes elucidated attitudes to implementation of both APL methods. RESULTS: Points marked using the adjustable ruler were closer to the correct location than those marked using the proportional method across all three acupuncture points. Students and lecturers rated the adjustable ruler more highly than the proportional method for ease of learning and ease of use. CONCLUSION: Encouraging results with the adjustable ruler method warrant further larger scale studies. Use of the adjustable ruler method of APL should be considered for use in point location training at educational institutions teaching traditional acupuncture.
Assuntos
Pontos de Acupuntura , Acupuntura/educação , Acupuntura/normas , Terapia por Acupuntura/normas , Adulto , Austrália , Educação/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Estudantes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introdução: A acupuntura objetiva o equilíbrio energético por meio de estímulos na pele com a inserção de agulhas em pontos específicos. Ela faz parte do conjunto de conhecimentos teórico práticos da medicina tradicional chinesa. Atualmente, a Organização Mundial da Saúde vem apoiando ações relacionadas ao ensino, à pesquisa e à troca de informações em todo o mundo. Este estudo busca responder à seguinte questão de pesquisa: "Quais são as evidências sobre a inserção da acupuntura no ensino médico no Brasil?". Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar a literatura no que concerne à inserção da acupuntura nas escolas médias do Brasil. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, realizada em fevereiro de 2020, com a busca da combinação das expressões e dos termos "medicinas alternativas e complementares", "acupuntura", "acupuntura médica", "ensino médico" e "Brasil", com as adaptações terminológicas para as línguas inglesa e espanhola, e de acordo com as bases de dados: PubMed/Medline, Medline/BVS, Lilacs, HomeoIndex, Scopus e SciELO. Os manuscritos incluídos foram avaliados na íntegra por dois pesquisadores com a finalidade de identificar núcleos temáticos de discussão, a saber: "Acupuntura no Brasil: desafios e perspectivas"; "Acupuntura na graduação médica: experiências, percepções e desafios"; "Especialização/residência em acupuntura médica"; "Divulgação científica: importância na educação médica". Resultados: Os 16 artigos selecionados foram classificados segundo objetivos, método, resultados e conclusões, e discutidos com base nos núcleos temáticos identificados. Conclusão: Os dados do estudo mostram que a acupuntura vem crescendo no Brasil, com maior divulgação e ensino lato sensu, com resumida participação durante a graduação. Espera-se que as políticas públicas voltadas para o Sistema Único de Saúde possam incentivar maiores investimentos no ensino durante a graduação.
Assuntos
Humanos , Acupuntura/educação , Educação Médica , Terapias Complementares , Brasil , Medicina Tradicional ChinesaRESUMO
Resumo: Introdução: A acupuntura objetiva o equilíbrio energético por meio de estímulos na pele com a inserção de agulhas em pontos específicos. Ela faz parte do conjunto de conhecimentos teórico práticos da medicina tradicional chinesa. Atualmente, a Organização Mundial da Saúde vem apoiando ações relacionadas ao ensino, à pesquisa e à troca de informações em todo o mundo. Este estudo busca responder à seguinte questão de pesquisa: "Quais são as evidências sobre a inserção da acupuntura no ensino médico no Brasil?". Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar a literatura no que concerne à inserção da acupuntura nas escolas médias do Brasil. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, realizada em fevereiro de 2020, com a busca da combinação das expressões e dos termos "medicinas alternativas e complementares", "acupuntura", "acupuntura médica", "ensino médico" e "Brasil", com as adaptações terminológicas para as línguas inglesa e espanhola, e de acordo com as bases de dados: PubMed/Medline, Medline/BVS, Lilacs, HomeoIndex, Scopus e SciELO. Os manuscritos incluídos foram avaliados na íntegra por dois pesquisadores com a finalidade de identificar núcleos temáticos de discussão, a saber: "Acupuntura no Brasil: desafios e perspectivas"; "Acupuntura na graduação médica: experiências, percepções e desafios"; "Especialização/residência em acupuntura médica"; "Divulgação científica: importância na educação médica". Resultados: Os 16 artigos selecionados foram classificados segundo objetivos, método, resultados e conclusões, e discutidos com base nos núcleos temáticos identificados. Conclusão: Os dados do estudo mostram que a acupuntura vem crescendo no Brasil, com maior divulgação e ensino lato sensu, com resumida participação durante a graduação. Espera-se que as políticas públicas voltadas para o Sistema Único de Saúde possam incentivar maiores investimentos no ensino durante a graduação.
Abstract: Introduction: Acupuncture aims to ensure energetic balance by means of skin stimulation with the insertion of needles at specific points. It is part of the theoretical-practical knowledge set of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The World Health Organization has been supporting acupuncture educational, research, and knowledge exchange actions all over the world. This study seeks to answer the following research question: "What evidence is there of acupuncture being included in Brazilian medical training?" Objective: To present a systematic review to answer the research question. Method: Systematic review conducted in February 2020, involving a search in the databases PubMed/Medline, Medline/BVS, Lilacs, Homeoindex, Scopus e Scielo for combinations of the following terms in English, Portuguese and Spanish: "complementary and alternative medicine teaching", "Acupuncture medicine teaching" and "Brazil". The manuscripts returned by the search were fully evaluated by two researchers to identify relevant discussion themes: acupuncture in Brazil: challenges and perspectives; acupuncture in undergraduate medical training: experiences, perceptions, and challenges; acupuncture medical specialization/residency; scientific publication: importance in Medical Education. Results: The sixteen selected papers were classified according to their objectives, method, results, and conclusions, and discussed based on the identified themes. Conclusion: The study data show that acupuncture is growing in Brazil, with greater publicity and latu sense teaching, with summary participation during undergraduate medical training. It is hoped that public policies focused on the Unified Health System can encourage more investment in teaching for undergraduate training.
Assuntos
Humanos , Faculdades de Medicina , Currículo , Acupuntura/educação , Educação Médica , BrasilRESUMO
As Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) transcends its cultural boundaries and becomes widely used in many countries around the world, one of the major risks to the growing use of TCM internationally is the damage caused to its reputation and to community safety when TCM practitioners are not adequately trained. Ensuring the quality and competency of TCM practitioners is a fundamental requirement. This paper covers (1) the current level of regulation of education and training of TCM practitioners particularly in countries with well developed health systems; (2) the progress of self regulatory standards for education and training developed by international organizations and (3) the potential role of ISO/TC 249 in assisting these initiatives.
Assuntos
Acupuntura/educação , Competência Clínica , Educação Médica , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Acupuntura/normas , Terapia por Acupuntura , Competência Clínica/normas , Currículo , Educação Médica/normas , Pessoal de Saúde/normas , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa/normas , Segurança do Paciente , Formulação de Políticas , Melhoria de Qualidade , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à SaúdeRESUMO
Started from the needs of clinical teaching and practice of acupuncture and moxibustion, based on the acupuncture Tongren education and assessment model, the virtual acupuncture teaching system was developed with the help of virtual reality (VR) technology, and applied to the course teaching of meridian and acupoint and needling and moxibustion method of Acupuncture Sciences. Compared with conventional teaching, this system can effectively improve practical operation test scores of students, meanwhile, it has higher interest, interactivity and helpfulness for knowledge learning, and improve independent learning ability, learning effect and memory depth, so student's satisfaction is higher.