Documento técnico: Sesiones de aprendizaje en alimentación saludable para adolescentes en el marco del modelo de ciudadano integral de salud por curso de vida para la persona familia y comunidad / Technical document: Learning sessions on healthy eating for adolescents within the framework of the integral citizen model of health throughout the life course for the individual, family and community

El presente documento técnico desarrolla 2 módulos de sesiones de aprendizaje en alimentación saludable y anemia, dirigido a las y los adolescentes, con la convicción de que contribuye en mejorar y estandarizar el desempeño del profesional nutricionista o profesional de la salud que desarrollan acciones educativas, potenciando las capacidades de esta población en la preparación adecuada de los alimentos

Caderno dos programas nacionais de suplementação de micronutrientes - versão preliminar / Guideline: National Micronutrient Supplementation Programs - preliminary version

Este documento apresenta as recomendações referentes aos atuais Programas Nacionais de Suplementação de Micronutrientes, que são formulados a partir das necessidades de saúde do território brasileiro, considerando os agravos nutricionais de maior frequência e relevância e observando os critérios de risco e vulnerabilidade da população.

Elimination of Industrially Produced Trans-fatty Acids: A Regulatory Drafting Tool

Consumption of trans-fatty acids (TFAs) is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. It has no known health benefits and is a major contributor to heart disease worldwide. It is estimated that TFAs cause about 260,000 deaths every year. To effectively reduce the consumption of TFAs, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) / World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that all countries eliminate industrially produced trans-fatty acids (iTFAs), the main source of TFAs in the human diet, from their national food supply. This publication has been designed to assist government agencies and ministries in developing or reforming national legislation or regulation aiming to eliminate iTFAs from the food supply in their countries. While useful for legally trained readers, this publication is also intended for a nonlegal audience wanting to advance iTFA elimination through regulation. Decision-tree questions are used to help users of this tool populate a context-specific iTFA elimination regulation that aligns with PAHO/WHO best practices. It covers the important provisions to be considered in the text of the regulation, such as those granting legal authority to adopt a TFA regulation, defining the scope of the regulation, creating an inspection and enforcement framework, and setting an effective date. The publication provides a practical overview of key legal aspects of iTFA elimination, focusing on evidence-based, effective, and tested approaches. It provides guidance on how to draft regulations to implement the PAHO/WHO-recommended iTFA elimination policies, as well as supplementary provisions shown to support their effectiveness.

Research to Support the Development of Front-of-Package Labeling Regulations for Food Products in the Americas: Methods, Tools, and Procedures

This publication explores the subject of front-of-package labeling (FOPL) for food products as a means to help combat the trend toward unhealthy eating. It analyzes the methods, tools, and procedures of research into FOPL with a view to enhancing its role in regulations governing food products in the Region of the Americas. The publication makes recommendations relating to FOPL research – how it should be conducted, how results should be communicated, how FOPL schemes should be selected, and what the priorities should be. It also contains useful annexes that include, for example, a focus group discussion guide, a questionnaire, and a protocol for FOPL research. The Americas is the region of the world with the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity in the world. In 2016, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) were responsible for 78% of all deaths in the Region. Thirty-four percent of these NCD-related deaths occurred prematurely in people between the ages of 30 and 69 years. This implies that NCDs have a huge economic impact on societies. Unhealthy eating is the main modifiable factor that is driving this situation. In particular, consumption of ultra-processed products and of processed products that are nutrient poor and energy-dense and contain excessive levels of nutrients associated with NCDs has been identified as a main contributor to the epidemic of overweight and obesity. From a public health perspective, the efficacy and effectiveness of FOPL labeling will mainly depend on its ability to encourage consumers to make healthier food choices and to reduce the purchase and consumption of products that impair diets and health.

Condición nutricional de la langosta, Panulirus argus (Decapoda: Palinuridae): 60 años de índices extensivos y variación espacio-temporal en Cuba / Nutritional condition of the lobster, Panulirus argus (Decapoda: Palinuridae): 60 years of extensive indices and spatio-temporal variation in Cuba

Resumen Introducción: En el hábitat natural, el estado nutricional insatisfactorio de un número elevado de ejemplares es expresión de la influencia de factores desfavorables. Objetivo: Determinar variaciones espacio-temporales en el estado nutricional de langostas Panulirus argus, relacionarlas con variaciones reportadas en la comunidad bentónica y demostrar, mediante la aplicación de indicadores analíticos y morfométricos, que la variación de factores ambientales afecta a ambos grupos de índices; y que no todos los índices de condición nutricional evidencian por igual el impacto generalizado del proceso de deterioro ambiental en este golfo. Métodos: Las langostas se capturaron en seis áreas de pesca. La condición nutricional se estimó mediante tres índices no destructivos, poco costosos y de fácil y rápida aplicación (extensivos): índice de refracción de la hemolinfa (IRH), relación peso total / largo total = Klt, y factor de condición (FCA). Las variaciones a largo plazo (60 años) se determinaron mediante índices morfométricos (Klt y FCA). Se analizaron datos de los períodos 1963-1964 (N = 29 001), 1983-1993 (N = 3 123) y 2011-2017 (N = 3 600), separándolos en épocas de Lluvia y Seca. Resultados: En todos los períodos la condición nutricional varió significativamente entre áreas, pero sin similitudes entre períodos. Esto indica que los factores que impactan en el estado nutricional tienen una influencia estocástica más característica de factores ambientales. Aunque los tres índices fueron menores en 2017, sólo IRH disminuyó gradualmente entre 2011 y 2017, lo que sugiere que este índice, y los morfométricos, expresan diferente información. Todas las correlaciones fueron estadísticamente significativas, los coeficientes más altos se establecieron entre los índices morfométricos. El peso total y el Klt no mostraron diferencias entre Seca y Lluvia. Sin embargo, IRH y FCA resultaron mayores en Seca, hecho que se constató para cada sexo. FCA y Klt no presentaron diferencias entre el período 1963-1964 y el período 1983-1993, pero aumentaron (P < 0.05) en el período 2011-2017, lo que, dado el carácter morfométrico de estos índices, se atribuye a la presencia de langostas de mayor peso en las áreas de pesca. Conclusiones: Los menores valores en 2017 y la tendencia gradual al decrecimiento de IRH, corroboran el carácter generalizado del deterioro ambiental en el golfo de Batabanó, lo cual no fue igualmente expresado por los tres índices.

Abstract Introduction: Nutritional condition indices are morphophysiological estimators that quantify the nutritional status of organisms. In the natural habitat, unsatisfactory nutritional stage of numerous individuals is an expression of unfavorable factors. Objectives: Determine spatio-temporal variations in the nutritional condition of lobsters Panulirus argus, relate them to variations reported in the benthic community, and to demonstrate, through the application of analytical and morphometric indices, that variations of environmental factors affects both groups of indices due to its potential magnitude and its generalized nature. Methods: Lobsters were captured at six sites. Nutritional condition was estimated by three non-destructive, inexpensive and quick indices also easy to apply, which it means extensive indices: blood refractive index (BRI), relationship between total weight and total length (K), and condition factor (CFA). Because there are no historical records of BRI, long-term variations (60 years) were determined using morphometric indices (Klt and CFA). Data from the periods 1963-1964 (N = 29 001), 1983-1993 (N = 3 123) and 2011-2017 (N = 3 600) were analyzed, separating them in the rainy and dry seasons. Results: In all the periods the nutritional condition varied significantly between sites, but without similarities between periods. Despite this, it increased progressively in three sites. This indicates that factors impacting nutritional condition have a stochastic influence that is constantly changing, which is more characteristic of environmental factors than anthropogenic factors. Although the three indices showed a lower nutritional condition in 2017, only BRI gradually decreased between 2011 (16.6) and 2017 (14.2), which suggests that this index, and the morphometrics (Klt and CFA), express different information. All correlations were statistically significant but greatest coefficients were established between morphometric indices. The total weight and the Klt index did not show differences between rainy and dry seasons. However, BRI and CFA were statistically greater in dry season, a fact that was found for each sex. Both CFA and Klt decreased slightly (P > 0.05) between the first (1963-1964) and the second (1983-1993) period and then increased (P < 0.05) in the current period (2011-2017). Because they both are morphometric indices, this was attributed to the presence of greater weight lobsters. Conclusions: The lowest values in 2017 and gradually decreasing trend in BRI, corroborate the generalized nature of the environmental deterioration in the Gulf of Batabanó, but this was not equally expressed by the three indices.

Artigo de revisão terapia nutricional em pacientes críticos com lesão por pressão / Review article nutritional therapy in critically ill patients with pressure injuries

A Nutrição na prevenção e tratamento das lesões por pressão (LPs) é uma das intervenções importantes que incorporam as diretrizes da National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) e da European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP). Este estudo tem como objetivo revisar na literatura evidências de terapia nutricional para pacientes críticos com LP. A metodologia se deu por meio de levantamento de dados, a partir das diretrizes pertinentes ao assunto, e artigos científicos obtidos nas bases de dados do National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa ou espanhola. Como resultados, foram incluídos três artigos, porém, apenas um deles realizou a pesquisa em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Concluiu-se que nenhum estudo apresentou evidência de qualidade relacionada à terapia nutricional em pacientes críticos com LPs, bem como não trouxeram associação de benefícios com suplementação de micronutrientes essenciais. (AU)

Is the Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016-2025) leaving a footprint? Taking stock and looking ahead

[Extract]. Thanks to the strong leadership of Brazil, among others, the United Nations (UN) Decade of Action on Nutrition (“Nutrition Decade”) was proclaimed in 2016 by the UN General Assembly. The Nutrition Decade reaches its mid-term in 2020. The time has come to review the progress made so far in the six action areas of the Nutrition Decade’s Work Programme and identify areas in need of accelerated action and priority investment during the remaining period until 2025. Advocacy efforts during the first half of the Nutrition Decade on the importance of nutrition, healthy diets, and food systems for human and planetary health are showing results. The evidence of unhealthy diet and malnutrition being a key risk factor for disease and death globally is unequivocal. Global attention to the critical role of sustainable, resilient food systems for healthy diets and improved nutrition has never been as prominently present as we are observing today. Brazil is one of the first countries to recognize agroecology and biodiversity, and incorporate sustainability issues in their innovative, holistic national food-based dietary guidelines. A clear understanding of the effective interventions to be delivered by health systems has emerged. Voluntary or mandatory reformulation of processed food products is increasingly implemented by food industry stakeholders. More and more scientists break silos and work collectively across different sectors towards offering models to better predict impact of actions or inaction on nutrition, design more effective and innovative solutions to address malnutrition in all its forms and define appropriate metrics to monitor progress and ensure accountability.

Recomendaciones nutricionales para el personal de salud y el personal esencial expuesto a la COVID-19 en Latinoamérica / Nutritional Recommendations for Healthcare and Essential Personnel Exposed to COVID-19 in Latin America

Estas recomendaciones se basan en la evidencia científica actual derivada de meta-análisis y revisiones sistemáticas sobre nutrición y prevención de infecciones respiratorias causadas por los virus SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV o influenza, similares en su estructura al SARS-CoV-2. Están dirigidas al personal en la primera línea de atención de salud y al personal que presta servicios esenciales a la comunidad, con alto riesgo de infección por la COVID-19. Estas personas usan equipo de protección personal, cumplen largos turnos laborales, en ocasiones bajo condiciones extremas, lo que puede llevar a descanso insuficiente, alto nivel de estrés, depresión, pobre calidad en la alimentación y deshidratación. Todos estos factores influyen negativamente en el sistema inmune y podrían conllevar un mayor riesgo de infección. Una ingesta adecuada de micronutrientes y otros compuestos bioactivos es esencial para el desempeño óptimo del sistema inmune. Existe evidencia moderada que avala la suplementación, en forma individual, con vitamina C (2 000 mg), vitamina D (1 000-2 000 UI) y zinc (≤ 40 mg) en la prevención de infecciones respiratorias en adultos. No se encontró evidencia suficiente para avalar la suplementación con vitamina A, niacina, ácido fólico, B12, omega 3, probióticos y polifenoles, aunque si se recomienda el consumo de alimentos ricos en estos nutrientes para apoyar al sistema inmune. Se recomienda al personal seguir la recomendación de consumir 5 porciones/día (400 g) de frutas y vegetales/hortalizas, mantenerse hidratado y limitar la cafeína. No hay evidencia del consumo de alimentos alcalinos para prevenir infecciones. Estas recomendaciones son particularmente importantes durante la pandemia(AU)

These recommendations are based on current scientific evidence obtained through meta-analysis and systematic reviews on nutrition and the prevention of respiratory infections related to SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV or influenza, similar in structure to SARS-CoV-2. They are aimed at primary health care personnel and to those who provide essential services to the community and are, consequently, at high risk of COVID-19 infection. These individuals wear personal protective equipment, work long shifts, sometimes under extreme conditions, which can lead to insufficient rest, high stress levels, depression, poor nutrition and dehydration. Together, these factors have a negative impact on the immune system and could result in an increased risk of infection. An adequate intake of micronutrients and other bioactive compounds is essential for optimal immune performance. There is moderate evidence supporting supplementation, individually, with vitamin C (2 000 mg), vitamin D (1 000-2 000 IU) and zinc (≤40 mg) for the prevention of respiratory infections in adults. Insufficient evidence was found to support supplementation with vitamin A, niacin, folic acid, B12, omega 3, probiotics and polyphenols; however, the consumption of foods rich in these nutrients is recommended to support immune function. It is recommended that workers follow the recommendation of consuming 400 g/day of fruits and vegetables, remain hydrated and limit caffeine. There is no scientific evidence supporting the consumption of alkaline foods to prevent infections. The aforementioned recommendations are particularly relevant during the pandemic(AU)

Uso de suplementos nutricionales en la población urbana costarricense / Use of nutritional supplements in the Costa Rican urban population

Resumen Objetivo: Diversos estudios revelan que el perfil de los consumidores de suplementos nutricionales corresponde a individuos con estilos de vida saludables y ambiente sociodemográfico favorable. Sin embargo, en Costa Rica no hay información disponible referente al consumo de suplementos nutricionales a nivel nacional. Esta investigación pretendió analizar el uso y las características sociodemográficas, antropométricas y de ingesta de los consumidores de suplementos nutricionales, en población urbana costarricense de 15 a 65 años. Métodos: Se utilizaron los datos del Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud (ELANS), una investigación observacional, transversal y correlacional, con una muestra de 798 participantes. Adicionalmente, se diseñó y aplicó un cuestionario vía telefónica, seis meses después del primer contacto con los consumidores de suplementos nutricionales, para profundizar en las características y percepciones de uso de estas sustancias. Resultados: Un 6 % de la población refirió el uso suplementos nutricionales, principalmente multivitamínicos. No se encontrón diferencias significativas según el sexo, edad, nivel socioeconómico, nivel educativo o índice de masa corporal. Los consumidores de suplementos nutricionales presentaron ingestas significativamente mayores de calcio en ambos sexos, y vitaminas C y E en mujeres, en comparación con los no consumidores. Los motivos de consumo de suplementos nutricionales se centraron en el bienestar, y aunque se perciben como beneficiosos, en un 58 % de los casos el uso fue descontinuado luego de seis meses. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de consumo de suplementos nutricionales fue menor a la reportada por otros estudios en el campo, y no se halló un patrón de características similar al descrito por la bibliografía.

Abstract Aim: Several studies reveal that the profile of nutritional supplement consumers corresponds to individuals with healthy lifestyles and a favorable sociodemographic environment; however, in Costa Rica there is no information regarding nutritional supplement consumption at a national level. This research aimed to analyze the use of nutritional supplement and the sociodemographic, nutritional and anthropometric characteristics of users in the urban Costa Rican population, aged 15 to 65 years. Methods: The data was obtained from the Latin American Nutrition and Health Study (ELANS), an observational, cross-sectional and correlational investigation with a sample of 798 participants. Additionally, a questionnaire was designed and applied by telephone, six months after the first contact with nutritional supplement consumers was made, in order to delve in the characteristics and perceptions regarding the use of these substances. Results: 6% of the population reported nutritional supplement use, mainly multivitamins. No significant differences were found according to sex, age, socioeconomic level, educational level or body mass index. NS nutritional supplement users showed significantly higher intakes of calcium in both sexes, and vitamins C and E in women, compared with non-consumers. The reasons for nutritional supplement consumption were focused on well-being, and although they are perceived as beneficial, in 58% of the cases the use was discontinued after six months. Conclusions: The prevalence of nutritional supplements consumption was lower than that reported by other studies in the field, with characteristics similar to those described by the literature.

La alimentación vegetariana durante el embarazo en el siglo XXI: un análisis de la literatura / Vegetarian food during pregnancy in the 21th century: an analysis of literature

Introducción: la alimentación vegetariana es una práctica cada vez más frecuente en la población. Objetivos: esta investigación tuvo la finalidad de identificar y analizar las publicaciones desarrolladas en los últimos años que describan los nutrientes que son considerados críticos en las mujeres embarazadas que realizan dietas vegetarianasveganas, y los riesgos que este tipo de alimentación pudiera presentar tanto para la gestante como para la descendencia. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación de tipo narrativa, de información científica, publicada en relación a la alimentación en embarazadas vegetarianas/veganas. Se utilizaron las bases de datos de Medline, Scielo y Cochrane. Resultados: se analizaron 29 publicaciones que respondieron a los criterios de búsqueda e incluyeron artículos originales, metaanálisis, artículos de revisión y casos clínicos de diferentes contextos geográficos publicados desde 2000 hasta 2018 inclusive. La información disponible considera importante monitorear y evaluar la suplementación con vitaminas D y B12, hierro, zinc y ácidos grasos EPA (ácido eicosapentaenoico) y DHA (ácido docosahexaenoico), en las mujeres vegetarianas que cursan un embarazo, dado que las investigaciones llevadas a cabo en los últimos años revelan que en este grupo es frecuente encontrar menores concentraciones de estos nutrientes en comparación con las embarazadas omnívoras. Los estudios sugieren que las embarazadas vegetarianas/veganas tendrían un mayor riesgo de presentar deficiencia de vitaminas B12 y hierro que las omnívoras. Varios casos clínicos describen en los hijos de embarazadas vegetarianas con deficiencia de vitamina B12 diversos grados de compromiso neurológico. Los niveles de ingesta de magnesio y ácido fólico habitualmente son mayores en las embarazadas vegetarianas que en las omnívoras. Conclusiones: la información actual sugiere que si la dieta es planeada y desarrollada con asesoramiento profesional para suplementar los nutrientes considerados críticos en el embarazo, las embarazadas vegetarianas-veganas no presentan riesgos nutricionales diferentes a los posibles en las mujeres omnívoras

Introduction: vegetarian feeding is an increasingly common practice in the population. Objectives: this research aimed to identify and analyze the publications carried out in recent years that describe nutrients that are considered critical in pregnant women who perform vegetarian-vegan diets, and the risks that this type of feeding could present both for the pregnant woman and for the offspring. Materials and methods: a narrative-type investigation of scientific information published in relation to food in vegetarian/vegan pregnant women was carried out. The Medline, Scielo, and Cochrane databases were used. Results: we analyzed 29 publications that responded to the search criteria and included original articles, meta-analyzes, review articles and clinical cases from different geographical contexts published from 2000 to 2018 inclusive. The available information considers important to monitor and evaluate the supplementation with vitamins D and B12, iron, zinc and fatty acids EPA and DHA, in vegetarian women who are pregnant, since the investigations carried out in recent years reveal that in this group of pregnant women lower concentrations of these nutrients are frequent, compared with omnivores pregnant. Studies suggest that pregnant vegetarians/vegans have a higher risk of vitamin B12 and iron deficiency than omnivores. Several clinical cases describe varying degrees of neurological impairments in children of pregnant vegetarians with vitamin B12 deficiency. Magnesium and folic acid intake are usually higher in vegetarian pregnant women than in pregnant women with omnivores practices. Conclusions: current information suggests that if the diet is planned and carried out with professional advice in order to supplement the nutrients considered critical in pregnancy, pregnant vegetarian-vegans do not present nutritional risks different from those possible in omnivorous women.

Caracterización de la alimentación del pueblo indígena épera siapidara en ecuador / Characterization of indigenous food épera siapidara in ecuador

Las poblaciones indígenas y campesinas son los que más han sufrido las consecuencias del conflicto armado en Colombia. Tras un proceso de despojo de tierras y desplazamiento, el pueblo Épera Siapidara se asentó en Ecuador y se encuentra en una grave situación de inseguridad alimentaria. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la alimentación del pueblo Épera Siapidara en Ecuador. Tras la aplicación de 3 R24h a 111 Épera Siapidara, se seleccionaron las preparaciones más consumidas en base al número de apariciones. Las recetas (ingredientes y cantidades) fueron estandarizadas por 6 mujeres de la comunidad. Su composición nutricional se calculó con el software Nutriplato 2.0 y, para un tamaño medio de ración, se comparó con las recomendaciones de ingesta dietética (IDR). Se calculó la contribución de macronutrientes a la energía total de cada plato. Como resultado, 30 preparaciones y 3 guarniciones fueron seleccionadas (85,6% de los registros). El tamaño de ración medio fue 197,84g ± 7,54g (bebida), 225,04g ±50,53g (sopa), 79,89g ± 27,01g (plato principal) y 157,05g ±14,22g (guarnición). En relación al aporte a las IDR, destacan sopa de res y encocado de iguana (54% y 43% IDR proteína), tapado de carne de monte (25% IDR hierro) y sopa de verduras (99% y 89% IDR vitaminas A y C). Diseñar políticas públicas integrales que permitan potenciar las fortalezas de su sistema alimentario tradicional y atenuar riesgos asociados a la alimentación será clave para mejorar su seguridad alimentaria(AU)

Indigenous and peasant populations are the most affected by the armed conflict in Colombia. After a process of land dispossession and displacement, the Épera Siapidara people are seated in Ecuador and they are in severe food insecurity. The aim of the study was to characterize the food patterns of Épera Siapidara people in Ecuador. Next to pass out 3 R24h to 111 Epera Siapidara, the most consumed preparations were selected, based on the number of occurrences. The recipes (ingredients and quantities) were standardized by 6 women in the community. Nutritional composition was calculated with Nutriplato 2.0 software and, for an average serving size, it was compared with Recommendations Dietary Intake (RDI). Contribution of macronutrients to total energy was calculated by each dish. As a result, 30 preparations and 3 garnishes were selected (85.6% of the records). The average serving size was 197.84g ± 7.54g (drink), 225.04g ± 50.53g (soup), 79.89g ± 27.01g (main dish) and 157.05g ± 14.22g (garnish). In relation to contribution to RDI, stand out beef soup and encocado iguana (54% and 43% RDI protein), bushmeat tapado (25% RDI iron) and vegetable soup (99% and 89% IDR vitamins A and C). Designing comprehensive public policies that allow enhancing the strengths of its traditional food system and mitigate risks associated with food will be the key to improving its food security(AU)

El helado elaborado de musa paradisíaca y probióticos mejora los niveles séricos de calcio, hierro y potasio en una población infantil / Ice cream prepared with musa paradisiaca and probiotic improves the serum levels of calcium, iron and potassium in a children population

La desnutrición afecta la sociedad, principalmente a niños de recursos limitados, siendo los bajos niveles de minerales su consecuencia directa. Se desarrolló una investigación explicativa, con diseño experimental para evaluar la efectividad del consumo de un helado a base de Musa paradisiaca suplementado con probióticos en una población infantil de Cúcuta-Colombia. De una población de 238 escolares, 33 niños de 4 a 6 años tuvieron déficit séricos de Ca, Fe y K y se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Durante 60 días se les suministró diariamente el helado prueba al Grupo A y al Grupo B un helado placebo, registrándose peso, talla, niveles séricos de Ca, Fe y K antes, durante y después del suministro. Incrementaron significativamente (p = 0,01) los niveles de hierro y calcio en el Grupo A; mientras en el Grupo B permanecieron sin cambios. En ambos grupos aumentaron significativamente los niveles de potasio (p<0.05), con (p = 0.01) en el Grupo A. El peso corporal y talla de los niños evidenció un cambio significativo dentro de cada grupo (p < 0,05), aunque, no se observaron diferencias significativas entre grupos luego de la intervención. El consumo del helado a base de plátano suplementado con probióticos representa una alternativa para el abordaje del déficit de minerales en la población infantil(AU)

Malnutrition affects society, mainly children with limited resources, with low levels of minerals being the direct consequence. An explanatory research was developed, with experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of the consumption of an ice cream of Musa paradisiaca supplemented with probiotics in a child population of Cúcuta-Colombia. From 238 schoolchildren, a sample of 33 children aged 4 to 6 years with serum deficits of Ca, Fe and K participated and they were randomly divided into two groups. For 60 days the ice cream was supplied to Group A and Group B a placebo ice cream, registering weight, height, serum levels of Ca, Fe and K before, during and after the ice cream administration. There was a significant increase (p = 0.01) in the iron and calcium levels in Group A; with no significant changes for Group B. In both groups potassium was significantly increased (p <0.05). The body weight and height of the children was increased although there were no differences (p>0.05) between both groups. The consumption of banana-based ice cream supplemented with probiotics represents an alternative to address the deficit of minerals in children(AU)

Knowledge, attitude and practice of good nutrition among women of childbearing age in Somolu Local Government, Lagos State

Women of child-bearing age (especially pregnant and lactating women) are in the most nutritionally-vulnerable stages of the life cycle. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of good nutrition among women of childbearing age in Somolu Local Government (LG), Lagos state. This study was a crosssectional descriptive survey of 244 women of childbearing age (15-49 years). Excellent knowledge and good attitude towards good nutrition was observed among 61.89% and 86.89% respectively. During pregnancy, greater than 80% took folic acid, iron supplements and increased daily consumption of fruits and vegetables while 43.59% avoided eggs, fish, meat and chocolate beverage because of taboos. Seven days prior to interview, over 90% had consumed fast foods, 56.15% and 50.01% of the respondents ate fruits and vegetables every day to ≥4 times in a day respectively. A majority of the respondents knew and had a good attitude towards good nutrition supporting studies from Kenya and Northern Nigeria. This, however, did not translate to good practice for about half of the respondents

Generalidades y tratamiento de la Sarcopenia / Generalities and treatment of Sarcopenia

RESUMEN Introducción: la sarcopenia hace referencia a la disminución de la masa y fuerza muscular relacionada con los mecanismos del envejecimiento y genera un compromiso funcional de alto costo, por lo tanto la presente revisión describe su tratamiento actual. Metodología de búsqueda: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Pubmed, Cochrane, LILACS, SciELO y el motor de búsqueda Google Scholar, seleccionándose 140 artículos para revisión de los cuales 48 artículos originales y 50 revisiones fueron referenciados. Discusión: como tratamiento en las personas de edad, se recomienda la ingesta de al menos 1,2 g/kg de proteína al día, acompañada de un aporte suficiente de micronutrientes y ocasionalmente de suplementos proteicos. Los programas de entrenamiento de fuerza en personas mayores es actualmente un método útil para la misma. El uso de fármacos debe ser evaluado individualmente. Conclusiones: la adecuada alimentación y el ejercicio de resistencia constituyen los pilares fundamentales del tratamiento y prevención de la sarcopenia. MÉD.UIS. 2017;30(2):71-81.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the sarcopenia makes reference to the mass and muscular force's decrease related with the mechanisms of the aging and generates a functional commitment of high cost, therefore the present revision describes its current treatment. Methodology: a bibliographic search was carried out in Pubmed, Cochrane, LILACS, SciELO and Google Scholar databases, selecting 140 articles to be reviewed of which 48 original articles and 50 reviews were referenced. Discussion: as a treatment for sarcopenia in elderly population, it is recommended to take at least 1.2 g/kg of protein per day, accompanied by a sufficient supply of micronutrients and occasional protein supplements. Strength training programs in older people is currently a useful method to combat this condition. The use of drugs should be evaluated individually. Conclusions: to prevent and treat sarcopenia, adequate nutrition and resistance exercise are the main pillars of treatment. MÉD.UIS. 2017;30(2):71-81.

Relato de experiência sobre educação em saúde a idosos: percepção dos discentes / Experience report on health education in the elderly people: perception of students

Trata-se de um relato de experiência da percepção de discentes sobre ações educativas em saúde voltadas a idosos da casa de acolhida Remanso da Paz, Quixadá, CE. Foi desenvolvido pelos acadêmicos do curso de Farmácia do Centro Universitário Católica de Quixadá e realizado durante o mês de maio 2016. As experiências foram baseadas em orientação e aconselhamento sobre as medidas diárias frente a doenças crônicas, por meio de palestras, rodas de conversa, discussões, além da execução de teste de glicemia e verificação de pressão arterial para averiguação da terapia medicamentosa. Dentre os temas abordados destacam-se: uso racional de medicamentos, alimentação saudável, uso de preparações caseiras de plantas medicinais, diabetes e hipertensão e sedentarismo. Dessa forma, considerou-se a promoção da saúde como um processo que abrangeu a participação de toda a população no contexto do cotidiano do idoso e não apenas das pessoas sob risco de adoecer, evidenciando-se as ações desenvolvidas como essenciais na melhoria da qualidade de vida do idoso.

This is an experience report of perception of students on educational activities focused on health with the elderly people of the welcome home Remanso Peace, QuixadáCE. It was developed by students of the Pharmacy course at the University Catholic Center Quixadá held during the month of May 2016. The experiments were based on guidance and counseling on daily measures in the face of chronic diseases, through lectures, conversation circle, discussions, and the blood glucose test run and checking blood pressure for an investigation of drug therapy. Among the topics covered, there is the rational use of drugs, healthy eating, use of homemade herbal preparations, diabetes and hypertension and physical inactivity. Thus, health promotion is seen as a process that includes the participation of the entire population in the elderly everyday context and not just people at risk of becoming ill, showing that the actions undertaken are essential improving the quality of life of the elderly population.

Desarrollo de una bebida nutritiva y sensorialmente agradable como suplemento en el desayuno de niños escolares / Development of a nutritive and liking beverage as supplement for schoolchildren’s breakfast

Fundamentos: El desayuno es esencial para el niño escolar. Sin embargo, cada vez más niños omiten el desayuno. El objetivo fue desarrollar una bebida nutritiva y sensorialmente agradable para niños escolares. Métodos: La formulación incluía coco, amaranto, caseína, miel, cacao, vainilla, y sabor chocolate. El proceso de elaboración incluyó homogenización, tratamiento térmico y envasado en botellas estériles. Se determinó la composición proximal y calidad microbiológica del producto. La evaluación sensorial se llevó a cabo en 107 niños utilizando una escala de 7-puntos. Se calculó el IMC y se estimó la frecuencia y consumo de alimentos de cada niño (recordatorio 24h). Resultados: La bebida aportó 84,6 kcal/100ml, proveniente de proteína (3,5%),grasa (4,0%) y carbohidratos (8,9%). La bebida agradó al 67,3% de los niños (p<0,01). Se identificó bajo-peso (10,3%), sobrepeso-obesidad (42,1%) entre los participantes. Los niños que no desayunan en casa (NDC; 10,3%) consumieron menos lácteos (p<0,01) y frutas (p=0,03) que los niños que desayunan en casa (DC). Los niños-NDC con desnutrición, sobrepeso u obesidad consumieron menos lácteos (p=0,01), cereales (p=0,03) y más dulces y productos horneados (p=0,04) que niños -DC con IMC-normal. Conclusiones: La bebida tuvo un aporte proteico y energético similar a un producto lácteo sin lactosa ni conservantes y podría ser un suplemento práctico en el desayuno de niños escolares (AU)

Breakfast is essential for schoolchild. However, increasingly there are more schoolchildren to miss breakfast. The aim was to develop a nutritive beverage with sensory accepta nce by schoolchildren. Methods: The beverage-formulation included coconut, amaranth, casein, honey, cacao, vanilla and chocolate flavor. The beverage -making process included homogenization, heat -treatment and packaging in sterilized bottles. Proximate composition and microbiological quality were determined in the product. An acceptance test was conducted in 107 schoolchildren using a 7-points scale. BMI was calculated for each schoolchild and food records were done according to 24 -hour recall method. Results: The beverage provided 84.6 cal/100ml coming from protein (3.5%), fat (4.0%) and carbohydrates (8.9%). The beverage was accepted by the 67.3% of the schoolchildren (p<0.01). Underweight (10.3%) and overweight-obesity (42.1%) status were identified in the participants. Schoolchildren that do not eat breakfast at home (NEBH; 10.3%) consumed lower dairy-products (p<0.01) and fruits (p=0.03) than children that eat breakfast at home (EBH). Schoolchildren - NEBH with underweight, overweight or obesity consumed lower dairy -products (p=0.01), breakfast -cereals (p=0.03) and higher sweets and baked products (p=0.04) than schoolchildren -EBH with normal -BMI. Conclusions: A beverage with protein content and food energy similar to dairy-product was obtained. The product is free-lactose and -conservative additives and may be a practical supplement for schoolchildren’s breakfast (AU)

Nutrición parenteral en situaciones clínicas especiales / No disponible

La nutrición parenteral (NP) constituye un pilar fundamental en la nutrición del recién nacido (RN) prematuro, especialmente en el RN muy prematuro (< 32 semanas de gestación) y RN prematuro extremo (< 28 semanas de gestación). En estos pacientes, la administración de una NP balanceada y precoz se considera de elección. Dos metaanálisis han demostrado que la NP precoz en el RN prematuro < 1.500 g es segura, sin aumentar el riesgo de efectos adversos (3,4), y ha mostrado beneficios en relación con un balance nitrogenado positivo (ver aporte proteico) y mayor ganancia ponderal respecto a controles, aunque no se ha observado mayor longitud o perímetro craneal al alta en el grupo de intervención. Cabe destacar que los ensayos clínicos analizados cuentan con pequeño tamaño muestral y son heterogéneos (AU)

No disponible