RESUMO
Porcine rotavirus (PoRV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) usually co-infect pigs in modern large-scale piggery, which both can cause severe diarrhea in newborn piglets and lead to significant economic losses to the pig industry. The VP7 protein is the main coat protein of PoRV, and the S protein is the main structural protein of PEDV, which are capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies in vivo. In this study, a DNA vaccine pPI-2.EGFP.VP7.S co-expressing VP7 protein of PoRV and S protein of PEDV was constructed. Six 8-week-old mice were immunized with the recombinant plasmid pPI-2.EGFP.VP7.S. The high humoral immune responses (virus specific antibody) and cellular immune responses (IFN-γ, IL-4, and spleen lymphocyte proliferation) were evaluated. The immune effect through intramuscular injection increased with plasmid dose when compared with subcutaneous injection. The immune-enhancing effect of IFN-α adjuvant was excellent compared with pig spleen transfer factor and IL-12 adjuvant. These results demonstrated that pPI-2.EGFP.VP7.S possess the immunological functions of the VP7 proteins of PoRV and S proteins of PEDV, indicating that pPI-2.EGFP.VP7.S is a candidate vaccine for porcine rotaviral infection (PoR) and porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED).
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Proteínas do Capsídeo/imunologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Plasmídeos/imunologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/veterinária , Rotavirus/imunologia , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Proteínas Virais de Fusão/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Antígenos Virais/genética , Proteínas do Capsídeo/administração & dosagem , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , DNA Recombinante/administração & dosagem , DNA Recombinante/genética , DNA Recombinante/imunologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Camundongos , Plasmídeos/administração & dosagem , Plasmídeos/genética , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/genética , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/imunologia , Rotavirus/genética , Infecções por Rotavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Proteínas Virais de Fusão/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Virais de Fusão/genética , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
In this study, an alphavirus vector platform was used to deliver replicon particles (RPs) expressing African swine fever virus (ASFV) antigens to swine. Alphavirus RPs expressing ASFV p30 (RP-30), p54 (RP-54) or pHA-72 (RP-sHA-p72) antigens were constructed and tested for expression in Vero cells and for immunogenicity in pigs. RP-30 showed the highest expression in Vero cells and was the most immunogenic in pigs, followed by RP-54 and RP-sHA-p72. Pigs primed with two doses of the RP-30 construct were then boosted with a naturally attenuated ASFV isolate, OURT88/3. Mapping of p30 identified an immunodominant region within the amino acid residues 111-130. However, the principal effect of the prime-boost was enhanced recognition of an epitope covered by the peptide sequence 61-110. The results suggest that a strategy incorporating priming with a vector-expressed antigen followed by boosting with an attenuated live virus may broaden the recognition of ASFV epitopes.
Assuntos
Vírus da Febre Suína Africana/imunologia , Febre Suína Africana/imunologia , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Febre Suína Africana/prevenção & controle , Febre Suína Africana/virologia , Vírus da Febre Suína Africana/genética , Alphavirus/genética , Alphavirus/metabolismo , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Antígenos Virais/genética , Chlorocebus aethiops , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Expressão Gênica , Imunização Secundária , Epitopos Imunodominantes/administração & dosagem , Epitopos Imunodominantes/genética , Epitopos Imunodominantes/imunologia , Suínos , Células Vero , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagemRESUMO
CONTEXT: Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae), commonly known as seabuckthorn (SBT), is known for its medicinal and nutritional properties. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of in vivo adjuvant activity of SBT leaf extract (SBTE) with inactivated rabies virus antigen (Rb). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Swiss albino mice were immunized with aqueous-alcoholic SBTE (100 mg/kg body weight) or algel (aluminium hydroxide gel) with or without Rb (5% v/v). After priming, booster was administered on day 14. Rabies virus neutralizing antibody (RVNA) titers were estimated by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test in sera samples collected on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. Effect of adjuvant administration on cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), memory T cells, plasma and CD11c+ cells was studied by flow cytometry. In vitro hemolysis was assayed in human RBC. RESULTS: RVNA titers were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) after booster administration in mice immunized with SBTE + Rb as compared to the controls. In combination, SBTE, algel and Rb, enhanced the RVNA titers. CTLs significantly increased (p < 0.05) in SBTE + Rb immunized mice. Memory T cells and plasma cells were 27.9 and 15.9%, respectively, in SBTE + Rb immunized mice as compared to that of 20.3 and 11.3%, respectively, in Rb immunized group. SBTE + Rb enhanced peritoneal CD11c+ cells (25.8%) as compared to 9.4% cells in Rb immunized mice, showed 3.2-fold increment in LPS induced IL-1ß. No RBC hemolysis was observed with SBTE. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the potential adjuvant activity of SBTE with Rb by increasing RVNA titers and CTL response.
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Etanol/administração & dosagem , Hippophae , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Folhas de Planta , Vírus da Raiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Raiva/fisiologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/fisiologiaRESUMO
Current challenges in global immunization indicate the demand for new delivery strategies, which could be applied to the development of new vaccines against emerging diseases, as well as to improve safety and efficacy of currently existing vaccine formulations. Here, we report a novel antigen nanocarrier consisting of an oily core and a protamine shell, further stabilized with pegylated surfactants. These nanocarriers, named protamine nanocapsules, were rationally designed to promote the intracellular delivery of antigens to immunocompetent cells and to trigger an efficient and long-lasting immune response. Protamine nanocapsules have nanometric size, positive zeta potential and high association capacity for H1N1 influenza hemagglutinin, a protein that was used here as a model antigen. The new formulation shows an attractive stability profile both, as an aqueous suspension or a freeze-dried powder formulation. In vitro studies showed that protamine nanocapsules were efficiently internalized by macrophages without eliciting significant toxicity. In vivo studies indicate that antigen-loaded nanocapsules trigger immune responses comparable to those achieved with alum, even when using significantly lower antigen doses, thus indicating their adjuvant properties. These promising in vivo data, alongside with their versatility for the loading of different antigens and oily immunomodulators and their excellent stability profile, make these nanocapsules a promising platform for the delivery of antigens. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS: Protamine sulphate (PubChem SID: 7849283), Sodium Cholate (PubChem CID: 23668194), Miglyol (PubChem CID: 53471835), α tocopherol (PubChem CID: 14985), Tween® 20(PubChem CID: 443314), Tween® 80(PubChem CID: 5281955), TPGS (PubChem CID: 71406).
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Portadores de Fármacos/administração & dosagem , Glicoproteínas de Hemaglutininação de Vírus da Influenza/administração & dosagem , Nanocápsulas/administração & dosagem , Protaminas/administração & dosagem , Animais , Antígenos Virais/química , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Feminino , Glicoproteínas de Hemaglutininação de Vírus da Influenza/química , Imunização , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Nanocápsulas/química , Protaminas/química , Células RAW 264.7RESUMO
Since the outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in South Korea in 2010-2011, a trivalent vaccine has been used as a routine vaccination. Despite the high efficacy of the trivalent vaccine, low antibody formation was reported in the pig industry and there is considerable concern about the ability of the vaccine to protect against the Andong strain responsible for recent outbreaks in South Korea. To overcome these problems, immunostimulators have been widely used to improve vaccine efficacy in South Korea, although without any scientific evidence. Based on the current situation, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of germanium biotite, a feed supplement used to enhance the immune system, on the immune responses to FMD vaccination through the Andong strain challenge experiment in trivalent vaccinated pigs. Following the challenge, the germanium biotite-fed pigs showed high levels of IL-8 in serum, and increased cellular immune responses to stimulation with the Andong strain antigen compared to nonsupplemented pigs. In addition, higher FMD virus (FMDV) neutralizing antibody titers were detected in the germanium biotite-fed group than in the nonsupplemented group before the challenge. The findings of this study indicate that germanium biotite supplement might enhance immune responses to the FMD vaccine in pigs.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Silicatos de Alumínio/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Compostos Ferrosos/administração & dosagem , Vírus da Febre Aftosa/imunologia , Febre Aftosa/prevenção & controle , Germânio/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Imunidade Adaptativa/efeitos dos fármacos , Silicatos de Alumínio/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/biossíntese , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/biossíntese , Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Compostos Ferrosos/imunologia , Febre Aftosa/imunologia , Febre Aftosa/virologia , Germânio/imunologia , Interleucina-8/sangue , República da Coreia , Suínos , Vacinação , Vacinas Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
Preclinical evaluation of novel anti-smallpox vaccines and antiviral treatments often rely on mouse -challenge models using pathogenic vaccinia virus, such as Western Reserve (WR) strain or other orthopoxviruses. Traditionally, efficacy of treatment is evaluated using various readouts, such as lethality (rare), measurements of body weight loss, pox lesion scoring, and determination of viral loads in internal organs by enumerating plaques in sensitive cell lines. These methodologies provide valuable information about the contribution of the treatment to protection from infection, yet all have similar limitations: they do not evaluate dissemination of the virus within the same animal and require large numbers of animals. These two problems prompted us to turn to a recently developed whole body imaging technology, where replication of recombinant vaccinia virus expressing luciferase enzyme (WRvFire) is sensed by detecting light emitted by the enzyme in the presence of D: -luciferin substrate administered to infected animal. Bioluminescence signals from infected organs in live animals are registered by the charge-coupled device camera in IVIS instrument developed by Caliper, and are converted into numerical values. This chapter describes whole body bioimaging methodology used to determine viral loads in normal live BALB/c mice infected with recombinant WRvFire vaccinia virus. Using Dryvax vaccination as a model, we show how bioluminescence data can be used to determine efficacy of treatment. In addition, we illustrate how bioluminescence and survival outcome can be combined in Receiver Operating Characteristic curve -analysis to develop predictive models of lethality that can be applied for testing of new therapeutics and second-generation vaccines.
Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Vacina Antivariólica/administração & dosagem , Vaccinia virus/fisiologia , Vacínia/patologia , Animais , Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Antivirais/farmacologia , Área Sob a Curva , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Luciferina de Vaga-Lumes/administração & dosagem , Genes Reporter , Fígado/virologia , Luciferases de Vaga-Lume/biossíntese , Luciferases de Vaga-Lume/genética , Medições Luminescentes , Pulmão/virologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Cavidade Nasal/virologia , Curva ROC , Baço/virologia , Vacinação , Vacínia/tratamento farmacológico , Vacínia/prevenção & controle , Vaccinia virus/imunologia , Vaccinia virus/metabolismo , Imagem Corporal TotalRESUMO
In this study, we evaluated a system for oral vaccine delivery, consisting of liposomes coated first with a layer of tremella and then with an outer layer of acid-induced alginate. In vitro release studies showed that the triple layer of alginate-tremella-liposomes was more resistant to an acidic pH and modulated the release profiles at an alkaline pH. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies revealed that liposomes or tremella-coated liposomes were able to open tight junctions of the Caco-2 cell monolayer. In mice, although serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) was not expected to increase and haemagglutination inhibition showed that antibody levels were still too low to provide sufficient protection, alginate-tremella-liposomes encapsulated virus-induced intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) production to provide protection against virus infection. In conclusion, an oral virus vaccine entrapped in alginate-tremella-liposomes improved the mucosal antiviral s-IgA response. This system may have potential use as a carrier for oral vaccine delivery.
Assuntos
Alginatos/química , Vírus da Influenza A/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Lipossomos/química , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/prevenção & controle , Administração Oral , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos , Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Células CACO-2 , Feminino , Ácido Glucurônico/química , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , Ácidos Hexurônicos/química , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/administração & dosagem , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/imunologiaRESUMO
To evaluate the possibility of developing an effective subunit vaccine against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), mice were intraperitoneally immunized with either a neutralizing epitope (a 27-amino-acid region of the JEV E protein), or with a fusion protein between this region and a Mycobacterium tuberculosis hsp70. Both antigens were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins with thioredoxin. The fusion protein antigen elicited a higher titer of anti-thioredoxin-neutralizing epitope antibodies and a stronger proliferation of lymphocytes than did either the neutralizing epitope (irrespective of the presence of mineral oil as an adjuvant), or the conventional JEV SA14-14-2 vaccine. Assays of antibody isotype and IFN-gamma and IL-4 content in post-immunization serum showed that the fusion protein elicited a higher IgG2a titer and higher levels of IFN-gamma suggesting a potentiation of the Th1 immune response. The fusion protein antigen elicited a long-lived immune response, and the antibodies were able to neutralize JEV in vitro more strongly than did those elicited by the JEV SA14-14-2 vaccine. Immunization with the fusion protein generated both humoral and cellular immune responses to JEV, and the fusion protein appeared to be a more efficient protectant than the JEV SA14-14-2 vaccine.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie)/imunologia , Encefalite Japonesa/imunologia , Encefalite Japonesa/prevenção & controle , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/imunologia , Vacinas contra Encefalite Japonesa/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/genética , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Antígenos Virais/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/administração & dosagem , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Citocinas/biossíntese , Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie)/genética , Epitopos/administração & dosagem , Epitopos/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/administração & dosagem , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/genética , Imunização Secundária , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Vacinas contra Encefalite Japonesa/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Encefalite Japonesa/genética , Ativação Linfocitária , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Testes de Neutralização , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/imunologia , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas/genética , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas/imunologiaRESUMO
Availability of effective oral vaccine delivery vehicles should contribute to the success of oral immunization in domestic animals. To achieve this goal, we evaluated alginate microspheres for their capacity to induce mucosal immune responses following oral and enteric immunizations. Mice were immunized with either live porcine rotavirus (PRV) or its recombinant VP6 protein, encapsulated in alginate microspheres or unencapsulated. VP6-specific IgG (but no IgA) antibodies were detected in the sera of mice after a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunization with either VP6 in Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (VP6-IFA), VP6 in alginate microspheres (VP6-MS) or with live PRV in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (PRV-IFA). In contrast, VP6-specific IgA (but no IgG) was detected in culture supernatants of mesenteric lymph nodes from mice immunized i.p. with either VP6-IFA or with PRV-IFA. Oral immunization with VP6-MS induced the highest level of VP6-specific fecal IgA antibody, similar to responses induced by oral immunization with live PRV. Furthermore, the VP6-specific fecal IgA could be boosted by a secondary i.p. immunization with VP6. Further experiments were performed in a sheep intestinal 'loop' model to evaluate uptake of microspheres by Peyer's patches. Microspheres containing colloidal carbon were specifically bound and transported by follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches. Additionally, mucosal immune responses were detected following enteric immunization with porcine serum albumin (PSA) encapsulated in alginate microspheres. Our results confirm that alginate microspheres are an effective oral delivery vehicle for protein antigens and intestinal IgA antibody responses are induced by antigens encapsulated in alginate microspheres without any additional mucosal adjuvant. These investigations confirm that alginate microspheres have the potential as an effective delivery vehicle for oral immunization of ruminants.
Assuntos
Alginatos/administração & dosagem , Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Rotavirus/imunologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Composição de Medicamentos , Ácido Glucurônico , Ácidos Hexurônicos , Imunoglobulina A/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Microesferas , Ovinos , SuínosRESUMO
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are known to induce strong Ab responses in the absence of adjuvants. In addition, VLPs are able to prime CTL responses in vivo. To study the efficiency of this latter process, we fused peptide p33 derived from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus to the hepatitis B core Ag, which spontaneously assembles into VLPs (p33-VLPs). These p33-VLPs were efficiently processed in vitro and in vivo for MHC class I presentation. Nevertheless, p33-VLPs induced weak CTL responses that failed to mediate effective protection from viral challenge. However, if APCs were activated concomitantly in vivo using either anti-CD40 Abs or CpG oligonucleotides, the CTL responses induced were fully protective against infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or recombinant vaccinia virus. Moreover, these CTL responses were comparable to responses generally induced by live vaccines, because they could be measured in primary ex vivo (51)Cr release assays. Thus, while VLPs alone are inefficient at inducing CTL responses, they become very powerful vaccines if applied together with substances that activate APCs.
Assuntos
Células Apresentadoras de Antígenos/imunologia , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Vírus da Coriomeningite Linfocítica/imunologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Vírion/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Apresentação de Antígeno/genética , Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Antígenos Virais/genética , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Antígenos CD40/imunologia , Radioisótopos de Cromo , Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade , Epitopos de Linfócito T/genética , Epitopos de Linfócito T/imunologia , Epitopos de Linfócito T/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/administração & dosagem , Glicoproteínas/genética , Glicoproteínas/imunologia , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Injeções Intradérmicas , Injeções Subcutâneas , Células L , Coriomeningite Linfocítica/prevenção & controle , Vírus da Coriomeningite Linfocítica/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Oligodesoxirribonucleotídeos/administração & dosagem , Oligodesoxirribonucleotídeos/imunologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/administração & dosagem , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/genética , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/virologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Vacínia/prevenção & controle , Proteínas Virais/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Virais/genética , Proteínas Virais/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Virais/genética , Vírion/genéticaRESUMO
Human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncoproteins are attractive targets for T-cell-based immunotherapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer. A newly designed vaccine, comprising the HPV16 L2, E6 and E7 as a single fusion protein (TA-CIN), was shown to elicit HPV16-specific CTL, T-helper cells and antibodies in a pre-clinical mouse model. These immune responses effectively prevented outgrowth of HPV16-positive tumour cells in a prophylactic setting as well as in a minimal residual disease setting. CTL immunity was optimally induced when TA-CIN was employed in heterologous prime-boost regimens in combination with TA-HPV, a clinical grade vaccinia-based vaccine. These data provide a scientific basis for the use of TA-CIN, alone or in combination with TA-HPV in future human trials.
Assuntos
Vacinas Anticâncer/toxicidade , Proteínas do Capsídeo , Capsídeo/toxicidade , Proteínas Oncogênicas Virais/toxicidade , Papillomaviridae/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/toxicidade , Animais , Antígenos de Neoplasias/administração & dosagem , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Antígenos de Neoplasias/uso terapêutico , Antígenos de Neoplasias/toxicidade , Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Antígenos Virais/uso terapêutico , Antígenos Virais/toxicidade , Vacinas Anticâncer/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Anticâncer/imunologia , Vacinas Anticâncer/uso terapêutico , Capsídeo/administração & dosagem , Capsídeo/imunologia , Capsídeo/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Transformada , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Imunoterapia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas Oncogênicas Virais/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Oncogênicas Virais/imunologia , Proteínas Oncogênicas Virais/uso terapêutico , Proteínas E7 de Papillomavirus , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/uso terapêutico , Vacinas Acelulares/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Acelulares/imunologia , Vacinas Acelulares/uso terapêutico , Vacinas Acelulares/toxicidade , Displasia do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Displasia do Colo do Útero/terapia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/virologiaRESUMO
Transgenic plants represent an inexpensive alternative to classical fermentation systems for production of recombinant subunit vaccines. Transgenic potato plants were created that express the N-terminal domain of the glycoprotein S (N-gS) from Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV), containing the major antigenic sites of the protein. Extracts from potato tubers expressing N-gS were inoculated intraperitoneally to mice, and the vaccinated mice developed serum IgG specific for TGEV. Furthermore, when potato tubers expressing N-gS were fed directly to mice, they developed serum antibodies specific for gS protein, demonstrating the oral immunogenicity of the plant derived spike protein from TGEV.
Assuntos
Coronavirus/imunologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/imunologia , Solanum tuberosum , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/imunologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Coronavirus/química , Coronavirus/genética , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Plasmídeos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus , Transformação Genética , Vacinas Sintéticas/administração & dosagem , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/genética , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The therapeutic and immunologic effects of a liposome preparation containing both a macrophage activator, muramyl-tripeptide-phosphatidylethanolamine, and a recombinant antigen, glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus type 1, have been investigated. This preparation was tested in vitro for the ability to stimulate peripheral blood lymphocytes and in vivo for the control of recurrent herpes genitalis in guinea pigs. Our results show that the liposome-antigen-adjuvant preparation is capable of enhancing antigen-specific lymphocyte stimulation, which may be related to the observed 75% suppression of the frequency and severity of reactivation of recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 genitalis compared with that of placebo controls.
Assuntos
Acetilmuramil-Alanil-Isoglutamina/análogos & derivados , Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Herpes Genital/terapia , Fosfatidiletanolaminas/administração & dosagem , Simplexvirus/imunologia , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/administração & dosagem , Acetilmuramil-Alanil-Isoglutamina/administração & dosagem , Acetilmuramil-Alanil-Isoglutamina/uso terapêutico , Animais , Feminino , Cobaias , Imunoterapia , Lipossomos , Fosfatidilcolinas , Fosfatidiletanolaminas/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Studies were conducted using uni- and multilamellar liposomes to establish optimum conditions for influenza antigen incorporation in view of their transport to the target cells for experimental influenza prophylaxis in hybrid white mice. Radiometric determinations showed a good level of preparation purification, a good efficiency of incorporation in liposomes of the active biological material, the liposome linked radioactivity distribution among different organs. Charged liposomes induced solid and long lasting resistance against influenza control infection.
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Imunização/métodos , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/prevenção & controle , Animais , Antígenos de Superfície/administração & dosagem , Antígenos de Superfície/isolamento & purificação , Antígenos Virais/isolamento & purificação , Portadores de Fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Vacinas contra Influenza/isolamento & purificação , Lipossomos , CamundongosAssuntos
Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Toxoide Tetânico/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Tíficas-Paratíficas/administração & dosagem , Vaccinia virus/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Antígenos Virais/toxicidade , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Injeções Intradérmicas , Masculino , Camundongos , Solubilidade , Toxoide Tetânico/efeitos adversos , Toxoide Tetânico/imunologia , Vacinas Tíficas-Paratíficas/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Tíficas-Paratíficas/imunologiaRESUMO
The influence of different routes of immunization on the protective effect of liposome-incorporated influenza A/PR/8/34 virus surface antigens was studied. Influenza virus surface antigens, neuraminidase and hemagglutinin, incorporated into liposomes, were shown to have a significant protective effect upon intraperitoneal and intranasal administration against a lethal dose of influenza virus as compared with immunization using a free antigen solution against the same infection. The protective effect is poor in intravenous immunization with influenza virus antigen-containing liposomes. It is concluded that combining of influenza virus antigens with liposomes may be used for preparation of new influenza vaccines.
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Imunização/métodos , Vírus da Influenza A/imunologia , Lipossomos/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/prevenção & controle , Animais , Antígenos de Superfície/administração & dosagem , Antígenos de Superfície/imunologia , Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Hemaglutininas Virais/administração & dosagem , Hemaglutininas Virais/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Neuraminidase/administração & dosagem , Neuraminidase/imunologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/mortalidadeAssuntos
Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Vírus da Influenza A/imunologia , Lipossomos/administração & dosagem , Administração Intranasal , Animais , Antígenos de Superfície/administração & dosagem , Antígenos de Superfície/isolamento & purificação , Antígenos Virais/isolamento & purificação , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Imunização/métodos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Psychoimmunology, the interrelationship between the brain/mind/psyche and the immune system, is now an established area of scientific research. Based on prior investigations we hypothesized that an experienced meditator could affect her delayed hypersensitivity reaction by a psychological process. A single-case study design was employed in which the subject was skin tested weekly with varicella zoster skin test reagent. After baseline immunologic studies, she was able, as hypothesized, to significantly reduce both the induration of her delayed hypersensitivity skin test reaction and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation to varicella zoster. Then, as predicted, she was able to allow her reaction to return to baseline. As a confirmation of what is to our knowledge this previously undescribed phenomenon, she was able to reproduce the entire sequence nine months later. It appears that this subject can intentionally modulate her immune response by a psychologic mechanism.
Assuntos
Herpesvirus Humano 3/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/imunologia , Terapia de Relaxamento , Antígenos Virais/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/psicologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Testes Cutâneos/psicologiaRESUMO
Four groups of rats were bilaterally lesioned in the anterior, lateral, tuberal and mammillary areas of hypothalamus. Seven days later these rats, as well as controls, were immunized concomitantly with three antigens: Salmonella enteritidis, sheep red blood cells and Myxovirus influenzae A (H3N2). The primary and the secondary response were tested. The bacterial and erythrocytic antigens, with marked immunogenetic capacity, produced immune responses, which were not significantly influenced by hypothalamic lesions. The immune primary and secondary response to influenza A virus is wholly suppressed in animals with lesions in tuberal and mammillary areas of the hypothalamus. It is reduced in animals with lesions in lateral and anterior regions, as compared with controls. The secondary response is greater and more rapid in controls. It is reduced in animals with lesions in anterior and lateral hypothalamus and suppressed in those with lesions at tuberal and mammillary level. It therefore seems that the modulatory intervention of the hypothalamus in the immune process depends on the antigen, on the antigen, on the intensity of its direct effects on the immuno-competent and accessory cells and on the condition of the hypothalamic centers.