RESUMO
Charred areca nut (CAN) is used to treat dyspepsia and abdominal distension in children. However, reports revealed that arecoline, the most important active constituent of CAN, possesses potential toxicities. This study was designed to investigate the optimum arecoline content in CAN, using the "target constituent removal combined with bioactivity assay" strategy. Based on PTLC method, we prepared CAN lacking all arecoline (WAC-100R) and a series of different ratios of arecoline-removed CAN samples (WAC-Rx). MTT and acute toxicity assays indicated that decreasing content by 50% decreased CAN toxicity significantly. Animal results revealed arecoline contents over 50% could guarantee the beneficial effects of CAN on gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, decreasing arecoline content in CAN by 50% decreased its pro-apoptotic effects significantly. Furthermore, decreasing 50% arecoline content in CAN down-regulated the expressions of Cleaved-Caspase-3, c-jun, c-fos, COX-2, PGE2, and IL-1α. Thus, our results revealed that CAN with 50% arecoline content (WAC-50R) has similar beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal tract to CAN, whereas its toxicity was decreased significantly. Collectively, our study suggested that the strategy of "target constituent removal combined with bioactivity assay" is a promising method to identify the optimum arecoline content in CAN, which is approximately 0.12%.
Assuntos
Areca/toxicidade , Arecolina/isolamento & purificação , Arecolina/toxicidade , Animais , Apoptose , Areca/química , Linhagem Celular , Esvaziamento Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Trato Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Camundongos , Motilina/metabolismo , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Testes de Toxicidade/métodos , Peptídeo Intestinal Vasoativo/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect-increasing action of Areca catech for molluscacide. METHOD: Experiments were conducted on the effect-increasing components isolated from the dry nut of A. catech. RESULT: Arecoline has been proved the most effect-increasing component. CONCLUSION: When used with SPA arecoline could reduce markedly the doses of the two agents.
Assuntos
Areca/química , Arecolina/farmacologia , Moluscocidas/farmacologia , Ácido Oleanólico/análogos & derivados , Plantas Medicinais/química , Caramujos , Animais , Arecolina/isolamento & purificação , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Moluscocidas/isolamento & purificação , Nozes/química , Ácido Oleanólico/farmacologia , Pentaclorofenol/farmacologia , Saponinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
The increasing-effect components for molluscicides isolated from the dry nut of Areca catech L. were studied. The results showed that arecoline was the most effective and it could decrease remarkably the amount of drugs i.e. saponium of Phytolacca acinosa, SPA, and sodium pentachloro phenate, NaPCP, when used together.
Assuntos
Areca/química , Arecolina/farmacologia , Moluscocidas/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Caramujos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Arecolina/isolamento & purificação , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Nozes/química , Pentaclorofenol/farmacologia , Phytolacca/química , Saponinas/isolamento & purificação , Saponinas/farmacologiaAssuntos
Areca/química , Arecolina/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Animais , Arecolina/isolamento & purificação , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Hipoglicemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , CoelhosRESUMO
The genotoxicity of arecaidine, an alkaloid of betel nut, was studied on mouse bone marrow cells in vivo by sister chromatid exchange (SCE) method. Arecaidine was administered intraperitoneally to mice at the dose levels of 2.5 mg, 5 mg and 7.5 mg to each mouse weighing 25 +/- 1 g for 5, 10 and 15 days. Significant increase in the number of SCEs was observed in the treated groups, and this increase, although dose-dependent, was not dependent upon the duration of exposure.