Characteristics and management of giant cell arteritis in France: a study based on national health insurance claims data.

OBJECTIVE: Few data are available on the epidemiology and management of GCA in real life. We aimed to address this situation by using health insurance claims data for France. METHODS: This retrospective study used the Echantillon Généraliste de Bénéficiaires (EGB) database, a 1% representative sample of the French national health insurance system. The EGB contains anonymous data on long-term disease status, hospitalizations and reimbursement claims for 752 717 people. Data were collected between 2007 and 2015. The index date was defined as the date of the first occurrence of a GCA code. Demographics, comorbidities, diagnostic tests and therapies were analysed. Annual incidence rates were calculated, and incident and overall GCA cases were studied. RESULTS: We identified 241 patients with GCA. The annual incidence was 7-10/100 000 people ⩾50 years old. Among the 117 patients with incident GCA, 74.4% were females, with mean age 77.6 years and mean follow-up 2.2 years. After the index date, 51.3% underwent temporal artery biopsy and 29.1% high-resolution Doppler ultrasonography. Among the whole cohort, 84.3% used only glucocorticoids. The most-prescribed glucocorticoid-sparing agent was methotrexate (12.0%). CONCLUSION: The incidence of GCA in France is 7-10/100 000 people ⩾ 50 years old. Adjunct agents, mainly methotrexate, are given to only a few patients. The use of temporal artery biopsy in only half of the patients might reflect a shift toward the use of imaging techniques to diagnose GCA.

Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) demonstrates distinct autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease associations according to the adjuvant subtype: Insights from an analysis of 500 cases.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the pattern of reported immune diseases in the international ASIA syndrome registry. METHODS: Data from 500 subjects exposed to adjuvants from the ASIA syndrome international registry were analysed. RESULTS: The patient mean age was 43 ±â€¯17 years and 89% were female. Within the reported immune diseases, 69% were well-defined immune diseases (autoimmune, autoinflammation, and mixed pattern diseases). Among the well-defined immune diseases following the exposure to adjuvants, polygenic autoimmune diseases were significantly higher than autoinflammatory disorders (92.7% vs 5.8%, respectively, p < 0.001). Polygenic autoimmune diseases such as connective tissue diseases were significantly linked to the exposure to HBV vaccine (OR 3.15 [95%CI 1.08-9.23], p = 0.036). Polygenic autoinflammatory diseases were significantly associated with the exposure to influenza vaccination (OR 10.98 [95%CI 3.81-31.67], p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Immune conditions following vaccination are rare, and among these, polygenic autoimmune diseases represent the vast majority of the well-defined immune diseases reported under the umbrella ASIA syndrome. However, vaccines benefit outweighs their autoimmune side effects.

Polimialgia reumática: experiencia basada en 22 casos / Polymyalgia rheumatica: experience based on 22 cases

Introducción. La polimialgia reumática (PMR) se caracteriza por dolor y rigidez de las cinturas cervicoescapular y pelviana; preséntase en mayores de 50 años, asociada frecuentemente a arteritis de células gigantes (ACG), y tiene excelente respuesta a dosis bajas de corticosteroides. Objetivo. Evaluar sus características clínicas, de laboratorio, terapéuticas y evolutivas en nuestro medio. Pacientes y método: 22 pacientes diagnosticados según criterios establecidos y controlados entre 1998 y 2008. Según protocolo se analizan sexo, edad, diagnósticos previos, clínica, laboratorio, tratamiento y evolución. Resultados. Edad 52 a 81 años (mediana 69,3); predominio femenino (17/5), y 9,2 meses promedio de evolución prediagnóstico. Todos presentaron dolor y rigidez cervicoescapular y pelviana, 2 pacientes (9 por ciento) tuvieron artritis y 2 (9 por ciento), características clínicas de arteritis de células gigantes (ACG). El laboratorio fue inespecífico, excepto velocidad de sedimentación elevada entre 38 y 131 mm/hora (promedio 80,7). Todos tuvieron factor reumatoídeo (-) y anticuerpos antinucleares (-). Todos, excepto los portadores de ACG, respondieron a dosis bajas de corticosteroides (20 mg/día de prednisona o menos), con dosis de mantención entre 5 y 10 mg/día. Excelente evolución en todos, excepto uno, con desaparición de síntomas, normalización de VHS y reintegración a actividades previas. Conclusiones. La PMR constituye un diagnóstico diferencial en personas mayores de 50 años con dolor de cintura escapular y pelviana, que suele asociarse con ACG. El diagnóstico se basa en criterios bien establecidos, destacando la VHS persistentemente alta y la respuesta a dosis bajas de corticosteroides, que es además la terapéutica de elección.

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is characterized by cervicoscapular and pelvic pain and rigidity, it manifests in people older than 50 years and is frequently associated with giant cell arteritis (GCA). It responds very well to low doses of corticosteroids. Objective: Evaluate clinical, laboratory, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics in our environment. Patients and method: 22 patients diagnosed according to set criteria and controlled between 1998 and 2008. Sex, age, previous clinical and laboratory diagnosis, treatment and evolution were analyzed. Results: Age 52 to 81 (average 69.3); 17 females,5 males; and 9.2 month average prediagnostic evolution. All presented cervicoscapular and pelvic pain and rigidity, 2 patients (9 percent) had arthritis, and 2 (9 percent) presentedclinical characteristics of GCA. Laboratory tests were nonspecific, except for high sedimentation speed between 38 and 131 mm/hour (average 80.7). All patients presented rheumatoid factor (-) and antinuclear antibodies (-). All, except GCA carriers, responded to low doses of corticosteroids (20 mg/day or less of Prednisona), followed by a maintenance dose of 5 - 10 mg/day. Evolution was excellent in all patients except one, symptoms disappeared, ESR normalized and patients were reintegrated to their previous activities. Conclusions: PMR constitutes a differential diagnosis in people over 50 years of age, with cervicoscapular and pelvic pain, and is commonly associated with GCA. Diagnosis is based on well established criteria, with persistently high ESR and response to low doses of corticosteroids - the treatment therapy of choice - among the most significant.

[Polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis]. / Polymyalgia rheumatica en arteriitis temporalis.

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are closely related and frequently occurring inflammatory diseases with an incidence of 50 and 18 per 100,000 per year, respectively, in people aged 50 years or over. The most frequent symptom of PMR is aching and morning stiffness lasting more than 1 month and exacerbated by movement, occurring in the shoulder and pelvic girdles and in the neck region. GCA is vasculitis of the large and medium-sized arteries that originate from the aortic arch, causing new and marked headache localised over the temporal or occipital areas, jaw claudication, visual impairment or claudication of the arms. GCA is characterised by histopathological panarteritis with a predominantly lymphohistiocytic cell infiltrate. Activation of macrophages is central to the arteritis. Standard treatment for PMR and GCA is glucocorticoids, which may consist of prednisone 10-20 mg/day or its equivalent for PMR patients and prednisone 30-40 mg to 1 mg/kg body weight for GCA patients. For GCA patients with recently impaired vision, treatment should start with high doses of intravenously administered glucocorticoids, such as methylprednisolone 1 g/day for 3 consecutive days. A treatment duration of 1-2 years is often required for patients with PMR or GCA; because of the side effects associated with long-term use of glucocorticoids, osteoporosis prophylaxis with oral calcium supplementation, vitamin D and bisphosphonates is appropriate.