[The therapeutic and recreational potential of the «Goryachy Plyazh¼ physiotherapeutic facility on the Kunashir island].

The ever increasing attention to the further development of the health resort business and touristic activities in this country implies the necessity of the proper scientifically sound substantiation for the more efficient exploitation of the available spa and health resort resources of the Russian Far East as well as the ample recreational potential of this region taking into consideration that they have not been completely utilized during the preceding period. AIM: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the of the «Goryachy Plyazh (Hot Beach)¼ physiotherapeutic facility on the Kunashir island. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have studies the chemical, bacteriological, and radiological properties of thermal waters from the natural sources located in the vicinity of the «Goryachy Plyazh¼ physiotherapeutic facility. The medical potential of the area was assessed in accordance with the methodological guidelines №96/226 on drawing up the bioclimatic passport approved by the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation on the 7thFebruary of 1997. RESULTS: We have proposed the aggregate indicator of the therapeutic and recreational potential making it possible to evaluate the totality of health-improving properties in the combination with the landscape and climatic characteristics of the locality of interest. The neighbourhood of the «Goryachy Plyazh¼ physiotherapeutic facility on the Kunashir island was found to harbour the sources of mineral waters of various types. Specifically, siliceous thermal waters of varying ionic composition (e.g. containing chlorides, sodium, silicium, and boron) of the Omsk and Ursdon types are suitable for multipurpose therapeutic utilization including the protracted internal application for the treatment of chronic gastritis and other intestinal problems, diseases of liver and endocrine system, as well as metabolic disorders. Mineral water of the Kul'dursky type can be used for the external use in the form of bathing and other hydrotherapeutic procedures for the management and prevention of the diseases of various dermatoses, the diseases of the nervous, musculoskeletal, and genitourinary systems. CONCLUSION: The results of the study give evidence of the ample aggregate therapeutic and recreational potential of the localities in the neighbourhood of the «Goryachy Plyazh¼ physiotherapeutic facility located on the Kunashir island amounting to 76.5% which suggests the very promising prospects for the further development and utilization of this territory for the health resort business and touristic activities.

[The spa-health resort and touristic-recreational facilities of the region: the methodological aspects of their development]. / Sanatorno-kurortnyi i turistsko-rekreatsionnyi kompleksy regiona: metodologicheskie aspekty evolyutsii.

UNLABELLED: The correction and optimization of the motor activity of the patients are currently the main priorities of all rehabilitative and recreational activities based at the spa and health resort facilities. The forms of such activities include walking tours and excursion trips. In other words, the excursion potential is one of the very important attributes of the recreational recourses. Under the current conditions characterized by the rapid socio-economic changes, the studies concerning the structural and functional transformation of spa and health resorts, recreational and tourist facilities acquire special importance, both from the humanitarian and economic points of view. The results of these studies may greatly contribute to the organization and the further development of rehabilitative and recreational activities based at the spa and health resort facilities, recreational and tourist centers taking into consideration their evolution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The objective of the present article is to analyze the structure and functions of the recreation and tourist centres as well as the modes of their cooperation with the spa and health resort facilities. In other words, these structures and their functions are both the object and the subject of the present study. The methodology of the study is based on the logical analysis of the development of the recreational and tourist systems in the framework of the evolutionary approach. RESULTS: (1) the notions of «tourist destination¼ and «recreation¼ have been substantiated; (2) the results of the studies carried out at the Institute of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism and the Petrozavodsk State University have been used to elaborate the affiliate international Master Degree program «Project management in the tourism industry¼. The main emphasis in this program is placed on the necessity and methods of the improvement of recreational activities and more efficacious utilization of the climatic factors and the health resort infrastructure as well as personnel training for the sake of improvement of services to the visitors. CONCLUSION: The analysis of various aspects of recreation and tourism development has demonstrated that the services provided by the recreational and tourist systems in cooperation with the health resort infrastructure open up new employment opportunities and thus reduce the risk of social tension. The prospects for the continuation of investigations along these lines are associated with the extension of the recreational and touristic activities over the rural and countryside localities with special reference to the trans-border interactions as well as specific features of the tourist and recreational resources of the given regions and territories.

The privatization of spa companies in Poland - An evaluation of policy assumptions and implementation.

The aim of this article is to present the course of privatization of spa companies in Poland during the period 2001-2011. We discuss assumptions of the privatization process, as well as actual implementation, having identified the process as chaotic and inconsistent with prior legal provisions. We found that in its applied form the process resulted in limitation of the therapeutic potential of spas, and reduction of the State's ability to implement health policy in a legally determined form. We also found that privatization potentially improved spa infrastructure standards and increases the tourist potential of spa resorts. We recommend that clear eligibility criteria are applied to institutions in the privatization process, as well as the provision of legal guarantees for access to spa services financed from public resources. Such guarantees should be made a public obligation, to ensure the availability of services for insured persons, and there should be an obligation to maintain a specific part of a given institution's potential for the needs of patients funded by public health insurance.

Balneoterapia en la artrosis: Respuesta de los autores / Author's reply

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Cultura termal e processos de patrimonialização e turismo em duas estações de águas termais: Santa Amaro da Imperatriz/Brasil e Nueva Federación/Argentina / Thermal culture and patrimonialisation and tourism processes in two thermal water spas: Santo Amaro da Imperatriz / Brazil e Nueva Federación / Argentina

A água termal, desde a antiguidade, é indicada como terapêutica em diversos distúrbios de saúde física e mental. Uma estação de águas termais é sempre oportunidade de encontro com o outro, de marcação de alteridade e, ao mesmo tempo, de identidade. Estas estações de águas termais podem ser vistas como ambiente propício à cura e são ocasião de lazer e relaxamento coletivos, fatores de distinção social e também de reconhecimento de que os espaços que habitamos e pelos quais nos movemos contribuem para a construção das nossas representações identitárias como indivíduos e como coletividades.Esta tese enfoca na Primeira Parte a cultura termal, quando busco entender a teia de significações que envolvem estas práticas de lazer, turismo e saúde. Na Segunda Parte, abordo os processos de patrimonialização e turismo desta cultura termal. Para atingir meu objetivo, estabeleço uma comparação entre duas estâncias de águas termais, uma localizada no sul do Brasil e outra na região nordeste da Argentina, detendo-me no gerenciamento da água termal, que é analisada com relação ao seu aproveitamento turístico, operação que coloca no seu entorno diversos agenciamentos. Ela é um produto à venda no mercado das opções turísticas e também aciona atores no mercado das águas minerais, ou águas de mesa, nos dois casos estudados.(AU)

Since ancient times, thermal springs have been indicated as therapeutic for a number of mental and physical health problems. A thermal spring spa is always an opportunity for meeting other people, marking alterity and also for marking identity. Such thermal spring spas can be seen as a favorable environment for cure, while offering collective relaxation and leisure; it also marks social difference and the acknowledgement that the spaces we inhabit and about which we move do contribute for the building of our identity representations both as individuals and collectively. In the First Part the focus of the present dissertation is on the thermal culture, when the web of meanings involved in those activities of leisure, tourism and health are investigated. In the Second Part the processes of patrimonialization and tourism in such thermal cultures are approached. A comparison is made between the management of two thermal spas, one located in the South Region of Brazil, the other at the Northeast of Argentina, while analyzing their touristic utilization, an operation that stimulates a number of activities in their surroundings. Such kind of spa is for sale at the market of touristic options, while also stimulating the spring water market, or mineral water, in the two cases studied.(AU)

[90-year anniversary of the Kuldur health resort].

The article is devoted to the history of creation and development of the Far Eastern health resort Kuldur located in the spurs of the Khingan range at the territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region. The historical sketch spans the period from 1897 to the present time including the phases of the resort activities at different stages of its developments in pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary Russia (from the epoch of developed socialism to our time). The authors describe the contribution of the personnel of the resort, geologists, scientists of the Khabarovsk Medical Institute and other research institutions to the elucidation of the mechanism of action and therapeutic effectiveness of nitric-siliceous thermal waters.

[The Karachi health resort: synthesis of science and practice].

This article is devoted to the history of one of the oldest Siberian health resorts known as "The Karachi Lake". It describes the stages of its development, the scientific component of the system of spa-and-resort therapy and medico-social rehabilitation of the patients. The detailed analysis of the mechanisms underlying the beneficial action of the natural therapeutic factors, cooperation with the leading research institutions, and the formation of the modern scientific and technical basis have strengthened the position of the resort on the market of the medical, health-promoting, and recreational services due to the development of the new activities in this field.

O termalismo no Brasil: história, ciência e memória entre 1839 e 1950 / Thermalism in Brazil: history, science and memory between 1839 and 1950

Objetivou-se narrar historicamente de que modo determinados eventos contribuíram para o início e o desenvolvimento das práticas termais no Brasil. Serão apresentadas algumas das primeiras e mais importantes etapas da constituição da história da hidrologia médica (e posterior crenologia) do final do século XIX até os anos de 1950 no território brasileiro. Ao longo do texto será possível compreender algumas formas específicas de apreensão de determinadas experiências humanas com a água termal que só foram possíveis graças aos conhecimentos científicos que se estabeleceram em cada período dessa história.(AU)

his study aimed to historically narrate how certain event shave contributed to the on set and development of thermal practices in Brazil. Some of the first the most important steps of the medical hydrology will be presented: from the constitution of hydrology (latercrenology) of the late 19th century to the 1950 sin Brazil. Throughout the text it will be possible to understand some specific forms of human experiences with thermal water that were only possible thanks to scientific knowledge settled in each period of that history.(AU)

Os primeiros registros do uso de águas termais e a formação das estâncias hidrominerais no Brasil / The first records of the use of thermal waters and the formation of thermal cities in Brazil

Trabalho aborda os primeiros registros do uso de águas termais para finalidade terapêutica, o prestígio e a consolidação da prática do termalismo como tratamento medicinal e investiga a forma como a disseminação dessas práticas impulsionaram o desenvolvimento do turismo e a formação das estâncias hidrominerais no Brasil a partir do final do século XIX, explorando, sobretudo a relação entre o traçado urbano e a funções terapêuticas e turísticas dessas cidades.(AU)

This paper addresses the first records of the use of thermal waters for therapeutic purposes in Brazil, the prestige and the practical consolidation of hydrotherapy as medicinal treatment and it investigates how the spread of these practices stimulated the development of tourism and the formation of spas in Brazil from the late nineteenth century, particularly addressing the relationship between the urban layout and the therapeutic and tourist functions of these cities.(AU)

Termalismo Social no Sistema Único de Saúde: ampliando ações e olhares quanto ao uso terapêutico da água / Social ermalis in the Brazilian National Health System: broadening actions and perspectives on the therapeutic use of water

Além da noção de saúde como direito, termalismo social, no SUS, vai além das abordagens individuais e coletivas de cuidado, que utiliza as águas termominerais como elemento terapêutico, abarcando a complexidade da prática dentro da ótica da promoção da saúde.

De núcleos de cura a destinos turísticos: a origem do Termalismo e o desenvolvimento das estâncias hidrominerais na Europa / From healing facilities to tourist destination: the origin of Balneotherapy and the developent of thermal cities in Europe

O trabalho explora as origens do termalismo no ocidente, abordando os primeiros registros de uso de águas termais com finalidade terapêutica e o desenvolvimento e dessa prática no campo da medicina. Investiga a relação entre o termalismo e o desenvolvimento do turismo ao longo do século XIX, identificando a infraestrutura e a organização espacial específica que se consolidou nas estâncias europeias desse período e que, posteriormente, influenciariam decisivamente na organização das estâncias brasileiras.(AU)

This paper explores the origins of hydrotherapy in the West, covering the first use records of thermal waters for therapeutic purposes and the development of this practice in medical field. It investigates the relationship between hydrotherapy and development of this practice in medical field. It investigates the relationship between hydrotherapy and development throughout the nineteenth century tourism, identifying the infrastructure and the specific spatial organization that was consolidated in European resorts of that period and its subsequently and decisively influence in the organization of Brazilian resorts.(AU)

[Certain medico-economic prerequisites for the integration of spa and resort facilities into the system of compulsory health insurance].

The involvement of spa and resort facilities in the system of compulsory health insurance is of primary importance for the improvement of medical aid provided to the population. The application of the methods for the calculation of differential expenditures on the spa and resort-based treatment and estimation of their dependence on a variety of factors may facilitate the more rational use of the available resources of compulsory health insurance.

[The organization of provision of spa-and-resort services for the population of the russian Federation (part 2). Spa and resort institutions].

The main principles of the organization of medical activities of spa and resort institutions including children's and tuberculosis (phtysiatric) ones are discussed in conjunction with the relative normative and legal acts.

[Optimization of preventive measures in the patients with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases].

A total of 162 patients with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases were examined in our health centre. 102 of them were enrolled in the optimized program of non-medicamental prophylaxis applied under health resort and outpatient conditions during four years. The program included rational nutrition, psychotherapy, adequate locomotor activity, hydro-, gaso-, and thermotherapeutic procedures, and educational curricula. The patients of the control group were given the traditional health resort treatment. The comparison of the clinical and functional conditions of the patients in both groups revealed a significant advantage of the proposed therapeutic strategy.

[On the selected problems of the involvement of spa-and-resort facilities in the implementation of territorial programs of compulsory medical insurance].

The inclusion of spa-and-resort facilities in the sphere of compulsory medical insurance is in accordance with the law "On the compulsory medical insurance in the Russian Federation". However, this work implies serious preparatory activity aimed at estimating the requirements of different groups of the country's population in the follow-up treatment and rehabilitation based at the spa-and-resort facilities as well as the available resources for this purpose, modes of payment, rate structure, etc. The spa and resort-based treatment within the framework of the compulsory medical insurance system must be made one of the components of the regional programs of medical rehabilitation.

[From the history of health resort treatment in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation].

The health resort treatment takes an important place in the system of treatment and prophylaxis activities aimed to conservation and restoration of the health of military personnel. It is ninety years since the foundation of the first military health resorts. During this time a unique system of resort treatment in the armed forces of the Russian Federation has been formed and is neatly functioning. It is nowadays one of the component parts of medical support of military personnel, retirees and members of their families.

[The present-day organization of spa and resort services for the population of the Russian Federation (Part 1)].

The main principles underlying the present-day organization of spa and resort services for the population of the Russian Federation are described. The emphasis is laid on the procedures for the selection and referral to spa and resort facilities of the patients, both adults and children, in need of balneotherapeutic treatment. The relevant normative and legal regulations are discussed.