Abordagem da homeopatia constitucional na gravidez / Constitutional homeopathy approach during pregnancy

Dentre as várias vertentes de pesquisa e prática homeopática pós-hahnemanniana, a Homeopatia Constitucional leva em consideração os aspectos morfofisiológicos: a biotipologia, o temperamento, as diáteses, não como noções absolutas, mas inseridas no seu devido lugar dentro da Doutrina e Técnicas de aplicação da Homeopatia. O conceito básico persiste sendo a semelhança precisa entre os sinais de um remédio e os mesmos sinais encontrados num paciente. A gravidez é um estado fisiológico que resulta na formação de um ser do qual podemos conhecer os progenitores. É uma oportunidade de abordar este ser diante das imperfeições de terreno que lhes podem ser transmitidas. A homeopatia é a única terapêutica prática, pois é inofensiva à criança e conduz um tratamento "eugênico", permitindo que a criança seja bem constituída.

Among the various aspects of post-Hahnemannian homeopathic research and practice, Constitutional Homeopathy considers morphophysiological aspects: biotypology, temperament and diatheses, not as absolute notions, but inserted in their due place within the Doctrine and Application Techniques of Homeopathy. The basic concept remains the precise similarity between the signs of a medicine and the same signs found in a patient. Pregnancy is a physiological state that results in the formation of a being whose parents we can know. It is an opportunity to approach this being in the face of the imperfections of the terrain that can be transmitted to them. Homeopathy is the only practical therapy, as it is harmless to the child and provides a "eugenic" treatment, allowing the child to be well constituted.

Homeopatia: arquétipos e ressonância mórfica / Homeopathy: archetypes and morphic resonance

O inconsciente coletivo é um conceito formulado por Carl G. Jung que consiste de um nível de consciência primordial, compartilhado pelos membros de comunidade no âmbito familiar, racial, social, grupal, etc. e mediado por reações humanas instintivas ancestrais que não se baseiam na experiência individual. A assim chamada Ressonância Mórfica, elaborada por Rupert Sheldrake, amplia o conceito de inconsciente coletivo, pois opera em todo o universo, envolvendo elementos de todos os reinos da natureza. Representa uma memória coletiva auto-organizada influenciada por padrões semelhantes do passado. Poderíamos inferir que a totalidade de sintomas de uma patogenesia de uma substância é também um conjunto de símbolos e arquétipos. Cada substância está ligada aos seus ancestrais de uma mesma família botânica ou animal, como também ligada à formação geológica do nosso planeta. De forma semelhante, existe uma consciência de grupo que influencia todos os membros do sistema familiar. A verdadeira individualidade psíquica da criança é uma combinação de fatores coletivos, pois não apenas o corpo da criança, mas também sua alma, provém da série dos antepassados, no sentido de que ela não pode ser distinguida individualmente da alma coletiva da humanidade. Por estar espalhada por toda a parte na alma coletiva, a criança pequena "percebe" não apenas os condicionamentos mais profundos dos pais, mas também, em um âmbito mais extenso, o bem e o mal existentes nas profundezas da alma humana. Todos nós somos influenciados pelas dinâmicas sistêmicas do mundo que nos cerca. A tendência é repetir inconscientemente os problemas do passado e levá-los adiante. Desta forma, a noção de individualidade é relativizada. Ao estudarmos os medicamentos agregando-os por algum tipo de analogia para formar grupos ou famílias seja de origem mineral, vegetal ou animal, o conjunto de características, temas, arquétipos, sensações, sintomas comuns, etc. de um determinado grupo forma um campo mórfico no espaço-tempo, a qual os pacientes por ressonância ou similitude se ligam inconscientemente. O campo eletromagnético de cada indivíduo, mediado pelos seus sistemas de crenças e campos mórficos familiares, liga-se aos campos informacionais dos mitos, dos arquétipos e do inconsciente coletivo humano similares, podendo levar ao adoecimento.

The collective unconscious is a concept formulated by Carl G. Jung that consists of a primordial level of consciousness, shared by community members in the family, racial, social, group, etc. spheres and mediated by ancestral instinctive human reactions that are not based on individual experience. The so-called Morphic Resonance, elaborated by Rupert Sheldrake, expands the concept of the collective unconscious, as it operates throughout the universe, involving elements from all kingdoms of nature. It represents a self-organizing collective memory influenced by similar patterns from the past. We could infer that the totality of symptoms of a pathogenesis of a substance is also a set of symbols and archetypes. Each substance is linked to its ancestors from the same botanical or animal family, as well as linked to the geological formation of our planet. Similarly, there is a group consciousness that influences all members of the family system. The true psychic individuality of the child is a combination of collective factors, for not only the child's body, but also his soul, comes from the series of ancestors, in the sense that it cannot be distinguished individually from the collective soul of humanity. Because it is scattered everywhere in the collective soul, the young child "perceives" not only the deeper conditionings of the parents, but also, in a wider scope, the good and evil existing in the depths of the human soul. We are all influenced by the systemic dynamics of the world around us. The tendency is to unconsciously repeat the problems of the past and carry them forward. In this way, the notion of individuality is relativized. When we study medicines by aggregating them by some kind of analogy to form groups or families, whether of mineral, vegetable or animal origin, the set of characteristics, themes, archetypes, sensations, common symptoms, etc. of a given group forms a morphic field in space-time, to which patients by resonance or similarity unconsciously attach themselves. Each individual's electromagnetic field, mediated by their belief systems and familiar morphic fields, is linked to the informational fields of similar myths, archetypes, and the human collective unconscious, and can lead to illness.

Identificación del biotipo facial mediante fotografía vs. radiografías laterales de cráneo. Revisión de literatura / Identification of the facial biotype by photography versus lateral skull radiography. Literature review

Objetivo: reconocer la eficacia de la identificación del biotipo facial mediante fotografía vs. radiografías laterales de cráneo. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo de la literatura. Para ello se consultaron bases de datos electrónicas, como PubMed, ScienceDirect, Lilacs, Epistemonikos, Sage, Healey Library, Scielo y Google Scholar. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: photographs; extraoral photographs; cephalometry; lateral cephalograms; facial biotypes; brachyfacial; mesofacial; dolichofacial. La búsqueda se restringió a artículos en inglés, español y portugués publicados desde el año 2017 hasta el año 2022. Resultados: el biotipo facial permite determinar las características morfológicas y funcionales relacionadas con la dirección en la cual el macizo craneofacial crece y se desarrolla. Existen varios métodos que posibilitan la identificación del biotipo facial. En la actualidad hay diversos tipos de software que, mediante fotografías digitales de las dimensiones y proporciones faciales, permiten identificar el biotipo facial; no obstante, el estándar de oro para la determinación del biotipo facial son las radiografías laterales de cráneo, en las que, por medio de un sistema de trazos, se logra la identificación del biotipo. Este es un método que demanda mayores conocimientos teóricos-anatómicos, por lo que, en la mayoría de los casos, los resultados son más precisos. Sin embargo, al ser ambas técnicas "operador-dependiente", la veracidad de los resultados dependerá en gran medida de los conocimientos, las habilidades y las destrezas de cada profesional. Conclusión: tanto las fotografías digitales como las radiografías laterales del cráneo permiten la identificación del biotipo facial. La precisión de su resultado dependerá, en gran medida, de las habilidades, las destrezas y los conocimientos del profesional, tanto de la técnica como de sus conocimientos básicos de anatomía y radiología.

Objective: To recognize the efficacy of facial biotype identification by photography vs. lateral skull radiographs. Materials and methods:A descriptive, retrospective study of the literature was carried out, for which electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Lilacs, Epistemonikos, Sage, Healey Library, Scielo and Google Scholar were consulted. The keywords used were: photographs; extraoral photographs; cephalometry; lateral cephalograms; facial biotypes; brachyfacial; mesofacial; dolichofacial. The search was restricted to articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese published from 2018 to 2022. Results: The facial biotype allows the determination of the morphological and functional characteristics related to the direction in which the craniofacial massif grows and develops. There are several methods that allow the identification of the facial biotype, currently there are different types of software that allow the analysis through digital photographs of the dimensions and facial proportions that allow the identification of the facial biotype; However, the gold standard for determining the facial biotype are lateral skull radiographs, in which biotype identification is achieved by means of a trace system, being a method that demands greater theoretical-anatomical knowledge, therefore that the results in most cases are more precise, however, as both techniques are "operator dependent", the veracity of the results found to a great extent on the knowledge, abilities and skills of each professional. Conclusion: Both digital photographs and lateral skull radiographs allow the identification of the facial biotype, the accuracy of the result will depend mainly on the skills, abilities, and knowledge of the professional, both the technique and of his basic understanding of anatomy and radiology.

Veterinary Biotypology: a review and new possibilities

The truths surrounding medical practices are seasonally challenged by innovative concepts that can aggregate changing procedures in many degrees. The Galtonian eugenics issues supported the pure-breed idea in dictatorial governments, and introduced mesological studies, turning possible to join genetic concepts to the physiology and psychology of the human organism. Following human medicine, more therapeutic models need to forthcoming in domestic animals. The companionship necessity and the highly responsive behavior have addressed the domestication of dogs and their relationship to owners, to an endpoint that both share the same pathologies. Thus, traditional human concepts of biotypology could be extended to companion animals. Grauvogl (1811-1877) proposeda simple biochemical correlation between physiological states and the miasmas of sick individuals (oxygenoid -syphilis, hydrogenoid -sycosis, carbo-nitrogenoid -psora). Antoine Nebel (1870-1954) correlated biochemical status with the musculoskeletal system and behavior as well. Leon Vannier (1880-1963) model, whose morphophysiological distortions and behavioral inconsistencies were explained by the carbon element and variations in its bonds with phosphorus or fluor radicals was another attempt to categorize and predefine physiology states. Following the advent of structural and functional identification of thyroid hormone in the 1940s, Henri Bernard described the neuro-morphofunctional plasticity of individuals guided by their predominant embryonic leaflet and consequent hormonal diseases. Methods:This work is a narrative review with the purpose of describing and discussingthe legacy ofbiotypology studies and their applicability in dog therapy, and proposinga new homeopathic approach in veterinary medicine based on the miasmas, also contributing to the scarcelyavailable literature. Results:Based on cellular exchanges and consequent metabolic rate, animals can be classified into psoric (no evidence of clinical signs, stable behavior, and adequate exonerative cellular processes); sycotic (cellular dysfunction with alterations in oxidative phosphorylation processes allowing accumulation of cellular toxins such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; clinically culminating in chronic inflammations in noble organs, and purulent discharges; unstable and polarized behavior) and syphilitic (whose cellular alterations have reached the molecular level, reducing protein expression and determining cellular toxicity and loss of function; indifferentbehavior). Generalities such as temperature influence, weight, thirst and feedingshall also be considered. Discussion and Conclusion: Thismodel could benefit stray animals, newly adopted or even from shelters, whose actual behavior is unknown, and the search for the Simillimum may be impaired.

Determinación de la maduración ósea según la morfología de las vértebras cervicales, sexo y biotipo facial de niños y adolescentes de Córdoba, Argentina / Determination of bonematurationaccording to the cervical vertebrae morphology, sex, and facial biotype of children and adolescents from Córdoba, Argentina

Introducción: Durante el proceso de crecimiento y desarrollo una serie de hechos se suceden con mayor o menor regularidad y similitud en todos los niños desde el nacimiento hasta la adultez. Mediante la radiografía carpal se observaban un gran número de centros secundarios de osificación, considerados "indicadores de madurez", ubicados en la mano, muñeca y epífisis distales del cúbito y radio. Actualmente, los cambios morfológicos de las vértebras cervicales son considerados indicadores de la maduración ósea. Objetivo:Con el objeto de minimizar las radiaciones en pacientes niños y adolescentes al momento de determinar el grado de maduración ósea, se reemplazó la radiografía carpal por la telerradiografía lateral de cráneo, utilizada rutinariamente. Corroborando, además la edad de maduración en nuestra población. Este estudio nos permite, al momento de decidir el plan de tratamiento, el método a utilizar para la resolución del caso clínico: ortopedia, ortodoncia o ambos a la vez.Materiales y métodos: estudiotransversal sin seguimiento del paciente. Se analizaron radiografías laterales del cráneo, ortopantomografías y carpo de 318 niños y adolescentes de ambos sexos de 10 a 16 años con dentición permanente en ambos arcos dentales, con/sin la presencia del 2° molar. El biotipo facial se determinó por el cefalograma de Björk-Jarabak.Resultados: Las edades promedio en los diferentes biotipos faciales no variaron significativamente, observándose valores medios menores en varones, con biotipo dólico y meso con tendencia a braquifacial. En niñas, se observa que la mayoría están relacionadas significativamente (p<0,05) con excepción del biotipo mesofacial entre edades cronológicas con edades óseas vertebrales y edades óseas vertebrales con óseas carpales y dentarias.Mientras que en varones la excepción se da en el biotipo dólicofacial en todas las variables siendo, solamente significativo entre las variables: edades cronológicas con óseas carpales y edades óseas vertebrales con óseas carpales. Por lo tanto, podemos concluir que existe una alta correlación entre las edades óseas vertebral, carpal y dentaria en ambos sexos y biotipos faciales excepto en niñas con biotipo mesofacial

Morfometría y biotipo de futbolistas varones categorías sub 15 y sub 16 pertenecientes a una escuela deportiva / Morphometry and biotype of male soccer players categories under 15 and under 16 from a sports school

RESUMEN: En las categorías deportivas juveniles, los parámetros morfológicos y biotipológicos son difíciles de determinar ya que es complejo separar los cambios propios de la formación deportiva, de los asociados al crecimiento y la maduración. El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer características antropométricas y perfiles somatotípicos de adolescentes varones futbolistas chilenos de una escuela deportiva. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 23 jóvenes categoría sub 15 y 30 jóvenes sub 16. Se registraron el peso (kg), estatura (cm), seis pliegues cutáneos, dos diámetros y cinco perímetros. El índice de masa muscular (IMC) se calculó según fórmula de Quetelet. El fraccionamiento de la masa corporal se estimó según la masa grasa (MG), masa muscular (MM), masa residual (MR) y masa ósea (MO). Se describió el somatotipo utilizando el método de Heath & Carter. Los datos fueron analizados en estadístico para tendencia central, porcentajes y significancia según prueba t(p<0,05). Los resultados no muestran diferencias significativas en los patrones antropométricos y biotipológicos entre las dos categorías. Los promedios observados fueron: peso: 60,2 ± 7,6 (kg); Talla: 169,1 ± 5,3 (cm); IMC: 21,2 ± 2,0; % MG: 24,3 ± 2,7; %MM: 45,2 ± 2,9. Somatotipo para jóvenes sub 15 fue de: 2,4 ± 0,7/ 4,5 ± 0,8 / 3,0 ± 1,1 y para sub 16 de: 2,3 ± 1,0/ 4,3 ± 0,8 / 3,0 ± 0,9. Estos resultados son similares a los observados en otras escuelas deportivas de Chile y el mundo. Se concluye que altos porcentajes de masa musculary los componentes meso-ectomórficos, serían características morfológicas en este tipo de deportistas. Se sugiere considerar estos factores, además de considerar los factores sociales y psicológicos, la maduración corporal, centrando el quehacer de los adolescentes más en favorecer un estilo de vida sana y activa que en lo competitivo.

SUMMARY: In youth sports categories, morphological and biotypological parameters are difficult to determine since it is complex to separate the changes inherent to sports training from those associated with growth and maturation. The objective of this research was to establish anthropometric characteristics and somatotypic profiles of adolescent Chilean male soccer players from a sports training school. The sample consisted of 23 young people under 15 and 30 young people under 16. Weight (kg), height (cm), six skin folds, two diameters and five perimeters were recorded. The muscle mass index (BMI) was calculated according to the Quetelet formula. The fractionation of body mass was estimated according to fat mass (FM), muscle mass (MM), residual mass (RM), and bone mass (BM). The somatotype was described using the Heath & Carter method. The data were analyzed statistically for central tendency, percentages and significance according to the t test (p <0.05). The results show anthropometric and biotypological patterns without significant differences between the two categories. The averages observed werefor: weight: 60.2 ± 7.6 (kg); Size: 169.1 ± 5.3 (cm); BMI: 21.2 ± 2.0; % FM: 24.3 ± 2.7; % MM: 45.2 ± 2.9; % RM:12,0 ± 0.7; % BM: 12,9 ± 1,0. Somatotype for youth 15 years was: 2.4 ± 0.7 / 4.5 ± 0.8 / 3.0 ± 1.1 and for 16 years it was: 2.3 ± 1.0 / 4.3 ± 0, 8 / 3.0 ± 0.9. These results are similar to those observed in other sports schools in Chile and the world. It is concluded that high percentages of muscle mass and meso- ectomorphic components would be morphological characteristics in this type of athlete. It is suggested to consider these factors, in addition to considering social and psychological factors, body maturation, focusing the work of adolescents more on promoting a healthy and active lifestyle than on the competitive aspect.

Anclaje esquelético para el tratamiento de las anomalías de clase II y mordida abierta anterior: informe de un caso / Skeletal anchorage for the treatment of class II anomalies and anterior open bite: report of a case

El reporte de este caso tiene como objetivo demostrar la utilidad de los anclajes esqueléticos temporarios como son las miniplacas cigomáticas y los microimplantes "buccal shelf" en el tratamiento ortodóncico, en una paciente de 17 años 10 meses de edad, clase II vertical, dólicofacial, con mordida abierta anterior y aumento de la altura facial inferior. Después de la primera fase de tratamiento, siguiendo la secuencia de arcos para completar la alineación, se utilizaron anclajes esqueléticos extrarradiculares con una mecánica de intrusión con fuerzas elásticas durante 10 meses. Se intruyeron sus piezas posteriores superiores e inferiores y se distalizó la arcada superior, corrigiéndose la oclusión. El mentón retrognático y su perfil convexo mejoraron con la autorrotación de la mandíbula (AU)

The objective of this report case is to demonstrate the usefulness of temporary skeletal anchors such as zygomatic miniplates and buccal shelf microimplants in orthodontic treatment, in a 17-year-old 10-month-old, vertical class II, dollicofacial patient with anterior open bite and increased lower facial height. After the first treatment phase, following the arch sequence to complete the alignment, extra-radicular skeletal anchors were used with intrusion mechanics with elastic forces for 10 months. Its upper and lower posterior pieces were intruded and the upper arch was distalized, correcting the occlusion. e retrognathic chin and its convex profile improved with autorotation of the jaw (AU)

Factores morfofuncionales de interés en prostodoncia que dependen de los biotipos craneofaciales / Morphofunctional factors of interest in prosthodontics depending on the craniofacial biotypes

El presente es un trabajo de investigación bibliográfica que busca establecer la posibilidad de utilizar las cefalometrías como elementos de diagnóstico pronóstico y elaboración de prótesis. Centra su objeto de estudio en encontrar y clasificar los factores morfológicos y funcionales que varían con los biotipos craneofaciales y que son de interés en la prostodoncia. La metodología empleada fue la revisión de la literatura histórica hasta la actualidad en la que se relacionan temas de prostodoncia a los biotipos craneofaciales. Si bien solo dos autores relacionaron la prostodoncia con los biotipos cráneo faciales, sí se encontraron varios temas de interés asociados directamente a la prostodoncia. Se clasificaron en temas de oclusión: Curva de Spee, plano de oclusión, movimientos mandibulares, dimensión vertical oclusiva y de especio libre interoclusal. Tema de maloclusiones. Tema de fuerza muscular. Tema variaciones morfológicas de procesos alveolares, corticales ósea y de la forma dentaría. Encontrándose para cada uno de ellos alguna correlación positiva con los distintos tipos faciales. De este estudio, se concluye que es necesario sistematizar el estudio de los conocimientos que puede aportar la cefalometría como una importante herramienta de diagnóstico al prostodoncista a partir de haberse encontrado variaciones muy importantes en los aspectos mencionados que hacen al interés de la rehabilitación prostodóncica (AU)

This Work is a bibliographic research that seeks to establish the use of cephalometries as elements of diagnosis prognostic and prosthesis elaboration. Its focus is to find and classify morphological and functional factors that vary with facial types which are of interest in prosthodontics. This was a review of the historical literature to date, in which prosthodontics are related to facial types. Although only two authors related prosthodontics to facial ypes, they did find several topics of interest directly associated with prosthodontics. They were classified into occlusion themes: Spee curve, occlusion plane, mandibular movements, occlusive vertical dimension and interocclusal free space. Malocclusion issue. Muscle strength theme. Morphological variations of alveolar processes, cortical bone and dental morphology. They found some positive correlation with the different facial types for each of them. From this study, it is concluded that it is necessary to systematize the study of cephalometries because they can provide to be an important diagnostic tool to the prosthodontist because there were found very important variations in the mentioned aspects that are of interest in prosthodontic rehabilitation (AU)

Prevalencia del Molar en C: estudio Transversal / Prevalence of C-Shaped Molar: cross-sectional Study

El objetivo fue evaluar mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT), la prevalencia y tipología de conductos en C en molares inferiores. Se analizaron 422 CBCT y 1105 molares inferiores de pacientes de ambos géneros, mayores de 10 años, obtenidas en 2018. Variables registradas: género, número de pieza, y tipología, según clasificación anatómica de Fan, en los tres tercios. Se observaron cortes coronario, medio y apical. Se compararon frecuencias observadas con frecuencias esperadas bajo suposición de independencia, se utilizó prueba de bondad de ajuste de Chi-cuadrado. La comparación de pares de porcentajes se realizó con prueba de diferencia de proporciones de Pearson Chi-cuadrado con p-valores simulados por prueba de Monte Carlo. Según los resultados, el molar en C no se distribuyó homogéneamente en las tomografías analizadas. Chi-cuadrado (X2=264.13 p-valor <2,2) (p-valor dos colas <0.001), tampoco se distribuyó homogéneamente en el total de piezas dentarias Chi-cuadrado (X2=1011,1, p-valor <2.2e-16) (p-valor dos colas <0.001). Las variables género y presencia de molar en C no se distribuyeron independientemente, Chi-cuadrado (X2=4.7367, p-valor =0,042) (p-valor<0,05). Las variables tipología y piezas dentarias no se distribuyeron independientemente, Pearson Chi-cuadrado (p-valor<0.001), al igual que las variables tipología y tercios, Pearson Chi-cuadrado (p-valor<0.001). En conclusión, la CBCT es valiosa para identificar estas anatomías. Haber encontrado mayor prevalencia de tipología I confirma lo establecido en la literatura. Tienen alta prevalencia en las poblaciones asiáticas pero en caucásica son poco frecuentes (3%) (AU)

Parámetros cefalométricos para determinar biotipo facial en adultos chilenos / Cephalometric norms related to Facial type in eugnathic Chilean adults

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Determinar normas cefalométricas relacionadas con el biotipo facial en una población eugnácica chilena adulta y compararla con los parámetros cefalométricos clásicos. Material y método: Estudio transversal. Se analizaron 96 telerradiografías digitales de adultos jóvenes chilenos eugnácicos entre 18 y 35 años. El análisis cefalométrico fue realizado con el software Quick Ceph 2000®. Resultados: El ángulo goníaco tuvo un valor promedio de 121.96º, el ratio de Bjork-Jarabak 67.11%, el ángulo SN-GoGn 32.65º, el ángulo interbasal de Schwarz 23.8º, el VERT de Ricketts un valor de 2.33 y la altura facial inferior de Ricketts un valor de 44.1º. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres para el ratio de Bjork-Jarabak, ángulo SN-GoGn, ángulo interbasal de Schwarz y el VERT de Ricketts. Conclusiones: Los parámetros estudiados: ángulo goníaco, ángulo SN-GoGn, ángulo interbasal, altura facial inferior de Ricketts, son similares a las normas cefalométricas establecidas por sus autores originales, a excepción del ratio de Björk-Jarabak y el VERT de Ricketts. Asimismo, existe un fenómeno de dimorfismo sexual significativo, que debe ser tomado en cuenta al momento de diagnosticar a los individuos adultos.

ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this study was to determine cephalometric standards related to facial type in a eugnathic adult Chilean population and to compare them with the classical cephalometric parameters. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Ninety six eugnathic young Chilean adults (between 18 and 35 years old) were included in this study. Lateral digital standardized cephalometric radiographs were used. The cephalometric analysis used Quick-Ceph 2000® software. Results: The mean value of the gonial angle was 121.96º, the Biörk-Jarabak ratio was 67.11%, SN-GoGn angle was 32.65º, interbasal angle (Schwarz) was 23.8º, Ricketts VERT was 2.33 and Ricketts lower facial height 44.1º. There was a significant difference between men and women for the Biörk-Jarabak ratio, SN-GoGn, interbasal angle and Ricketts VERT. Conclusion: Cephalometric standards obtained are similar to those established by the original authors, except for the Björk-Jarabak ratio and Ricketts lower facial height. However, there is a significative sexual dimorphism that should be considered when making a patient´s diagnosis.

Diferencias por género a través del estudio de los tipos de huellas labiales en estudiantes de posgrado de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires / Gender differences through the study of lip prints types in postdoctoral students from the School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires

Las huellas labiales representan una alternativa para la identificación humana por ser únicas en cada persona. Se buscó establecer la frecuencia de tipos de huellas labiales en estudiantes de Posgrado de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, tomando como referencia la clasificación de Suzuki y Tsuchihashi. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 50 hombres y 50 mujeres. Se fotografiaron los labios de cada participante, aplicando posteriormente lápiz labial a los efectos de que efectúen impresiones sobre un soporte de papel, estableciéndose los diferentes tipos de huellas. Se transcribieron los datos a una ficha diseñada a tal afecto y las fotografías se almacenaron en una computadora, conformando una base de datos. Para el género femenino, el tipo labial II (líneas bifurcadas), se halló en el 100% de la muestra. En el género masculino los tipos labiales predominantes fueron el I (líneas verticales completas) y II (líneas bifurcadas), ambos presentes en 48 participantes (96%). No existe diferencia significativa entre la frecuencia de tipos de huellas labiales en ambos géneros, por lo que sería factible la identificación humana en Argentina, desde el punto de vista poblacional e individual, en personas con similares características que la muestra estudiada (AU)

Cirugía mínimamente invasiva: implante inmediato con carga inmediata / Minimally invasive surgery: immediate implant with immediate load

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el remplazo de piezas dentarias con indicación de extracción por implantes dentales de titanio, con la finalidad de devolver función y estética en forma inmediata respetando los tejidos periodontales y adaptando al máximo la clínica a las necesidades y requerimientos del paciente (AU)

Tratamiento de Clase II con Ortodoncia Sistema Damon y gomas intermaxilares en etapas tempranas de tratamiento / Treatment of Class II with Orthodontics Damon System and elastics in early stages of treatment

La técnica ortodóncica de baja fricción utiliza brackets pasivos de autoligado con una serie de arcos superelásticos que mantienen las fuerzas aplicadas sobre las piezas dentarias a nivel de la "biozona o zona fuerza óptima". La utilización de gomas intermaxilares ligeras (2 onzas o 56,68 g) en estos tratamientos, desde etapas iniciales, sobre todo en pacientes en crecimiento, permite obtener resultados muy favorables en cuanto a la resolución de la maloclusión de Clase II. Objetivo: evaluar el tratamiento de Ortodoncia de un paciente Clase II esqueletal con sobremordida, sin realizar exodoncias de premolares y utilizando elásticos intermaxilares en fases iniciales de tratamiento. Materiales y método: se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de sexo masculino de 11 años, de Clase II esqueletal con sobremordida y apiñamiento dentario anterior superior e inferior moderado, con su diagnóstico y evaluación completos pre y post tratamiento y control y seguimiento al año. El tratamiento se realiza con brackets autoligantes (técnica de Damon). Resultados: se obtiene la corrección completa de la Clase II y la sobremordida, alcanzando los objetivos deseados de estética facial y función, en oclusión y desoclusiones, con buen desarrollo de las basales y conservación de la altura de las corticales alveolares a nivel de los caninos. Conclusión: Mediante los recursos terapéuticos disponibles en la actualidad y evaluando al niño en etapas tempranas, podremos combinar diferentes tratamientos para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos en menor tiempo y con óptimos resultados en una maloclusión de Clase II con sobremordida con biotipo mesofacial (AU)

The low friction orthodontic technique uses passive self-ligating brackets with a series of superelastic arches that maintain the forces applied to the dental pieces at the "Biozone or Optimal Force Zone". The use of inter maxillary light elastics (2 ounces or 56.68 yr.) from the initial stages in growing patients, yields very favorable results in terms of correction of Class II malocclusion. Objective: To assess the orthodontic treatment of a skeletal Class II patient with overbite, without extraction of premolars and using elastic in the early stages of treatment. Materials and methods: an 11 year old male skeletal Class II patient with overbite and moderate crowding in upper and lower anterior teeth, with complete diagnostic and evaluation before and after treatment and with annual control. For the treatment, self-ligating brackets (Damon technique) were employed. The results: Total correction of Class II condition and overbite was obtained. The desired goals of facial aesthetics and correct function were attained in occlusion and desocclusion, as well as development of the osseous basis and conservation of the canine alveolar cortical height. Conclusion: Through the employment of therapeutic resources available at present and following up the child through his developmental stages, it is possible to combine different treatments to achieve the proposed objectives in a shorter time with excellent results in mesofacial type patients with Class II malocclusion and deep overbite (AU)

Avaliação tomográfica da espessura da mucosa palatina em indivíduos com biótipos fino e espesso / Tomographic evaluation of palatine mucosa thickness in individuals with thin and thick biotypes

INTRODUÇÃO: O palato é a principal área doadora de enxerto nas cirurgias periodontais e peri-implantares. O volume de tecido disponível depende da espessura da mucosa palatina e variações intra e interindividuais podem estar relacionadas ao tipo de biótipo do paciente. OBJETIVO: Investigar a diferença da espessura da mucosa palatina em indivíduos com biótipos fino e espesso, avaliada em diferentes regiões. METODOLOGIA: Foram analisadas 30 tomografias de feixe cônico adquiridas no tomógrafo CS8100 3D® e analisadas no software CS 3D Imaging® . O biótipo periodontal foi categorizado em fino (<1,5mm) ou espesso (≥1,5mm) e definido de duas formas: primeiro, o biótipo encontrado nos incisivos centrais foi considerado para os demais dentes. Em seguida, cada dente foi avaliado individualmente. Por fim, a espessura da mucosa palatina foi medida nos caninos, 1º e 2º pré-molares e 1º molares à 3mm, 6mm, 9mm e 12mm a partir da margem gengival. Os testes de Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon e Friedman foram utilizados para avaliar as diferenças na espessura da mucosa palatina entre os grupos, entre os dentes e nas diferentes regiões, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatística nas espessuras das mucosas palatinas entre os grupos (p> 0,05); em todos os dentes, quanto mais distante da margem gengival, maior a espessura da mucosa palatina (p< 0,0001). Entre os dentes, observou-se menor espessura nas localizações "b" e "c" no primeiro molar (p< 0,05) em todas as avaliações; nessas mesmas localizações, o segundo pré-molar (2PbX1Pb: p<0,0001) e o canino (CcX1Pc: p=0,022 e CcX2Pc: p=0,004) mostraram mucosa mais fina apenas quando categorizados com base no biótipo dos incisivos centrais. CONCLUSÃO: a espessura da mucosa palatina não mostrou relação com o biótipo do paciente, sendo mais fina na região do primeiro molar. Independentemente do dente, áreas mais distantes da margem gengival apresentam maior espessura tecidual (AU).

INTRODUCTION: The palate is the main donor site in periodontal and periimplant surgeries. The volume of tissue available depends on the thickness of the mucosa and intra and interindividual variations may be related to the patient's biotype. PURPOSE: To investigate the difference of the palatal mucosa thickness in individuals with thin and thick biotypes, evaluated in different regions. METHODS: 30 CBCT scans were acquired in the CS8100 3D® tomograph and analyzed in CS 3D Imaging® software. The periodontal biotype was categorized into thin (<1.5mm) or thick (≥1.5mm) and defined in two ways. First, the biotype found in the central incisors was considered for the remaining teeth. Then, each tooth was categorized individually. Finally, the thickness of the palatal mucosa was measured in the canine, 1st and 2nd premolars and 1st molar at 3mm, 6mm, 9mm and 12mm from the gingival margin. The Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon and Friedman tests were used to evaluate differences in palatal mucosa between groups, among teeth and in different regions, respectively. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in the palatal mucosal thickness between the groups (p> 0.05); in all analyzed teeth, the furthest from the gingival margin, the palatal mucosa thickness (p <0.0001) was higher. Among the teeth, the locations "b" and "c" in first molar was thinner (p <0.05) in all evaluations. The second pre-molar (2PbX1Pb: p <0.0001) and the canine (CcX1Pc: p = 0.022 and CcX2Pc: p = 0.004) showed a thinner mucosa only when categorized based on the central incisor biotype. CONCLUSIONS: the palatal mucosa thickness was not related to the patient biotype and was thinner at the first molar region. Regardless of the tooth, areas more distant from the gingival margin had a thicker tissue (AU).

Iberian eugenics? Cross-overs and contrasts between Spanish and Portuguese eugenics, 1930-1950

This article provides the basis for further considerations on the overlap between different expressions of science, in particular psychotechnics, biotypology and eugenics, in Iberia. It sets the reception of and interest in these scientific undertakings within the specific context pertaining in both Iberian dictatorships and considers the importance of the culture of the scientific community, the role of religion and the presence of positivism within each. While the actual traffic of knowledge between the two countries was limited, the contrasts and differences in the uptake of these specialisms within the two countries and their proximity or otherwise to other fascist and authoritarian regimes of the 1930s and 1940s are explored. The article concludes that in the Spanish case, although there were greater proximities to certain forms of fascist and Nazi eugenics, it was the commitment to Catholicism and nationalist regeneration that allowed for concessions to environmental improvements. A more Germanic strain was present in Portugal but this was dislodged by a consistent commitment to social hygiene rather than racial hygiene, again within the constraints provided by overarching Catholicism (AU)

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Relación conceptual entre la gestión de la comunicación institucional y la gestión del conocimiento / Conceptual relationship between institutional communication management and knowledge management

El presente artículo ofrece una aproximación a la relación conceptual entre la gestión de la comunicación institucional y la gestión del conocimiento, áreas de prácticas profesionales, formación e investigación académicas que se objetivan en la actualidad en las organizaciones e instituciones, y marcan su identidad y desarrollo, pero con escasos diálogos entre ellas, en las que se desconoce su carácter complementario. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica en la literatura especializada y de múltiples triangulaciones entre sus diversos enfoques se pudo llegar a la identificación de elementos de relación entre ellas en sus definiciones (objetivos y funciones); tipologías; modelos y procesos principales en su concreción, así como la identificación y definición de áreas de desarrollo posibles en aras de ir dando pasos importantes que conduzcan a mayores interrelaciones prácticas y a razonamientos interdisciplinares(AU)

The paper provides an overview of the conceptual relationship between institutional communication management and knowledge management; areas of professional practice; academic training and research currently materializing in organizations and institutions, marking their identity and development, but with scarce communication between them and little awareness of their complementary nature. A review of specialized bibliography on the topic and multiple triangulations between their various approaches led to identification of points of contact between them in their definitions (aims and functions), typologies, main models and processes for their materialization, as well as to identification and definition of areas of potential development in order to take important steps leading to greater practical interrelationship and interdisciplinary reasoning(AU)

A mirada da biotipologia no Sul do Brasil: discurso e prática nas décadas de 1930 e 1950 / The view of biotypology in Southern Brazil: discourse and practice in the 1930s and 1950s

Resumo Esta nota de pesquisa tenta demonstrar como o estado do Paraná figurou no panorama transnacional das vertentes de escolas biotipológicas presentes no Brasil a partir dos anos 1930. Abordamos o caso específico da cidade de Curitiba e pudemos identificar, num discurso acadêmico de 1938 e em dois laudos de sanidade mental de 1950 e 1951, a regularidade da escola constitucionalista alemã de Ernst Kretschmer, não obstante a preponderância da vertente italiana na bibliografia relacionada ao tema. Com isso, procuramos apontar por quais meios e espaços foram legitimados os preceitos concernentes àquela escola.

Abstract This research report aims to demonstrate how the state of Paraná, Brazil, featured in the transnational context of different schools of biotypological thought present in Brazil as of the 1930s. The city of Curitiba is taken as a case study, where we can identify, in an academic lecture from 1938 and two mental health reports from 1950 and 1951, the observance of Ernst Kretschmer's German constitutional medicine, despite the prevalence of the Italian school of thought in the bibliography on the subject. With this, we seek to identify through what channels and forums the precepts of the German school were legitimized.

Biotipologia, regionalismo e a construção de uma identidade corporal brasileira no plural, década de 1930 / Biotypology, regionalism, and the construction of a plural Brazilian bodily identity, 1930s

Resumo Este artigo trata dos estudos biotipológicos regionais e da construção dos discursos biodeterministas sobre a identidade brasileira nos anos 1930. Nesse contexto, pesquisas biotipológicas foram realizadas para determinar o tipo corporal normal do brasileiro, segundo seu léxico peculiar de classificação. Dentre elas, destacam-se aquelas sobre o perfil corporal de regiões específicas do país, como Nordeste e São Paulo. Em face dos debates coetâneos sobre raça, miscigenação e identidade nacional, essas investigações foram orientadas pelo determinismo biológico e pela influência do meio, de aspectos sociais e culturais no desenvolvimento corporal do brasileiro. Este trabalho demonstra como os estudos biotipológicos regionais reverberaram visões racialistas, normalizadoras e excludentes e contribuíram para a construção de uma identidade corporal brasileira miscigenada.

Abstract This article investigates regional biotypological studies and the construction of biological deterministic discourses about the Brazilian identity in the 1930s. Biotypological research was undertaken to determine the normal body type of the Brazilian man, using its peculiar classificatory lexicon. Studies into the bodily profile of specific regions, like the northeast and São Paulo state, featured in this research. In the context of the contemporary debates about race, miscegenation, and national identity, these investigations were geared towards biological determinism and the influence of the environment and social and cultural aspects on the bodily development of Brazilians. It is shown how regional biotypological studies echoed racial, normalizing, exclusive viewpoints and contributed to the construction of a miscegenated Brazilian bodily identity.