RESUMO
Background: Although there have been numerous studies on dental caries in children with Down syndrome, the reports are conflicting. Studies on salivary chemical composition of children with Down syndrome are limited. Aim: The study aims to evaluate and compare the dental caries experience, salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, total proteins, and sialic acid in children with Down syndrome and healthy controls. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Forty subjects with Down syndrome aged 5-18 years fulfilling the eligibility criteria from six special schools were selected by snowball sampling. Sixty healthy controls from six neighborhood schools fulfilling the eligibility criteria were selected by simple random sampling by matching the age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Sociodemographic data, oral hygiene practices, diet history and dental caries experience were recorded. About 6 mL of stimulated whole saliva was collected. Salivary flow rate, salivary pH, buffering capacity, and the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, total proteins, and sialic acid were determined. Results: There was no significant difference in the mean proportional caries rate between the study and control group (P = 0.90). Salivary pH (P = 0.00) and salivary sodium concentration (P = 0.02) were significantly low in the study group than the control group. Salivary buffering capacity was significantly higher in the study group than the control group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Dental caries experience of children with Down syndrome was similar to the healthy controls. School health programs could be implemented in special schools to improve oral and general health of special children.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Síndrome de Down , Criança , Humanos , Taxa Secretória , Índice CPO , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Síndrome de Down/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Down/metabolismo , Ácido N-Acetilneuramínico/análise , Ácido N-Acetilneuramínico/metabolismo , Estudos Transversais , Cálcio/análise , Cálcio/metabolismo , Índia/epidemiologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Saliva/química , Potássio/análise , Potássio/metabolismo , Sódio/análise , Sódio/metabolismo , Fósforo/análise , Fósforo/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that bacterial ABC transporters present relevant antigen targets for the development of vaccines against bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis. In Streptococcus mutans, the glutamate transporter operon (glnH), encoding an ABC transporter, is associated with acid tolerance and represents an important virulence-associated factor for the development of dental caries. RESULTS: In this study, we generated a recombinant form of the S. mutans GlnH protein (rGlnH) in Bacillus subtilis. Mice immunized with this protein antigen elicited strong antigen-specific antibody responses after sublingual administration of a vaccine formulation containing a mucosal adjuvant, a non-toxic derivative of the heat-labile toxin (LTK63) originally produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains. Serum anti-rGlnH antibodies reduced adhesion of S. mutans to the oral cavity of naïve mice. Moreover, mice actively immunized with rGlnH were partially protected from oral colonization after exposure to the S. mutans NG8 strain. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that S. mutans rGlnH is a potential target antigen capable of inducing specific and protective antibody responses after immunization. Overall, these observations raise the prospect of the development of mucosal anti-caries vaccines.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Streptococcus mutans , Camundongos , Animais , Streptococcus mutans/genética , Cariostáticos/metabolismo , Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Saliva/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Farnesol is a sesquiterpene from propolis and citrus fruit that shows promising anti-bacterial activity for caries treatment and prevention, but its hydrophobicity limits the clinical application. We aimed to develop the novel polymeric micelles (PMs) containing a kind of derivative of farnesol and a ligand of pyrophosphate (PPi) that mediated PMs to adhere tightly with the tooth enamel. RESULTS: Farnesal (Far) was derived from farnesol and successfully linked to PEG via an acid-labile hydrazone bond to form PEG-hyd-Far, which was then conjugated to PPi and loaded into PMs to form the aimed novel drug delivery system, PPi-Far-PMs. The in vitro test about the binding of PPi-Far-PMs to hydroxyapatite showed that PPi-Far-PMs could bind rapidly to hydroxyapatite and quickly release Far under the acidic conditions. Results from the mechanical testing and the micro-computed tomography indicated that PPi-Far-PMs could restore the microarchitecture of teeth with caries. Moreover, PPi-Far-PMs diminished the incidence and severity of smooth and sulcal surface caries in rats that were infected with Streptococcus mutans while being fed with a high-sucrose diet. The anti-caries efficacy of free Far can be improved significantly by PPi-Far-PMs through the effective binding of it with tooth enamel via PPi. CONCLUSIONS: This novel drug-delivery system may be useful for the treatment and prevention of dental caries as well as the targeting therapy of anti-bacterial drugs in the oral disease.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos , Cárie Dentária , Durapatita , Farneseno Álcool/análogos & derivados , Micelas , Animais , Cariostáticos/química , Cariostáticos/farmacocinética , Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Cárie Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Cárie Dentária/patologia , Difosfatos/química , Difosfatos/farmacocinética , Difosfatos/farmacologia , Portadores de Fármacos , Durapatita/química , Durapatita/metabolismo , Farneseno Álcool/química , Farneseno Álcool/farmacocinética , Farneseno Álcool/farmacologia , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Dente Molar/efeitos dos fármacos , Dente Molar/ultraestrutura , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Ratos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Fluorine is a common element in nature; however, the difference between a beneficial dose and a toxic dose for the organisms is small. The main source of fluoride for humans is water in addition to food. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the degree of severity of pathological changes, namely, caries or fluorosis, in the mineralized tooth tissue of 15-year-old adolescents with respect to their hygienic and nutritional habits, and the content of fluorine in drinking water, soil and plant products. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 adolescents aged 15 from schools in Sosnilka, L'viv region, were examined. The condition of mineralized tooth tissue was evaluated by the caries severity, expressed by the mean number D3MFT, caries frequency and value of the SIC index. Fluorine in plant material and soil were determined according to the PN-G-04543:1982 standard, and water according to the PN-EN ISO 10304 - 1: 2009+ AC: 2012 standard. RESULTS: Severity of caries disease expressed by the D3MFT number in the examined group of 15-year-olds was 3.39; in the group of girls - 3.08, and in the group of boys - 3.76. In the examined group, the average number of teeth with fluorosis was 7.59. Value of the SIC index among the examined population of students (n-31) was 6.26: 5.89 (n-18) for girls and 7.31 (n-13) for boys. Fluorine concentration in the water was 0.78 - 1.25(mg·dm-3). In the soil, it also did not vary across the sampled areas and amounted, on average, to 176 mg·dm-3. The biggest fluorine content noted in the dry mass of beetroots was 3.50 (mg F· kg), and the lowest - 3.34 (mg F· kg). CONCLUSIONS: Close to optimal fluorine content lowers caries severity and frequency of fluorosis. Optimal fluorine content in drinking water and food does not require additional diet supplementation.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Água Potável/análise , Flúor/análise , Fluorose Dentária/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Calcificação Fisiológica , Cárie Dentária/etiologia , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Higienistas Dentários , Água Potável/metabolismo , Feminino , Flúor/efeitos adversos , Flúor/metabolismo , Fluorose Dentária/etiologia , Fluorose Dentária/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Dente/fisiopatologia , Ucrânia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the effects of a fluoride (F) varnish supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on the remineralization of caries-like lesions in situ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve subjects used palatal devices with demineralized enamel discs for 3 days, following a double-blind, crossover protocol. Test groups included placebo (no F or TMP), 5% NaF and 5% NaF/5% TMP varnishes. The percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR) and cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN) were determined. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed among all varnishes regarding %SHR and ΔKHN. The highest %SHR and the lowest ΔKHN were seen for the 5% NaF/5% TMP varnish, followed by 5% NaF and placebo. CONCLUSION: The remineralizing effect of a 5% NaF varnish is significantly enhanced when associated with TMP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The reduction in the subsurface lesion area of enamel treated with the TMP-containing varnish implies that cavities would take longer to develop or might not develop at all depending on individual factors, resulting in lower net caries increments at individual and population levels.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Fluoretos Tópicos/administração & dosagem , Polifosfatos/administração & dosagem , Calcificação de Dente/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
This study shows that there are significant differences in the content of minerals in the enamel of the teeth to erupt in the near future after the eruption. Based on the data it can be concluded that immediately after the eruption of the tooth enamel entering the aggressive environment oral loses a certain amount of minerals. This explains the high dental caries is in the first fern years after the eruption. All figures are of high relevance in the planning of prevention.
Assuntos
Cálcio/análise , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Esmalte Dentário/química , Fósforo/análise , Erupção Dentária , Dente não Erupcionado/química , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Humanos , Dente ImpactadoRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study's purpose was to investigate the effect of a glass ionomer cement as a liner over infected unexcavated dentin after 60 days and at 10 to 15 months. METHODS: Forty-five permanent molars with deep carious lesions were selected. Fragments of carious dentin were removed prior to lining the cavity (baseline sample) with glass ionomer cement (G1) or an inert wax material (G2). Cavities were restored with composite resin and reopened 60 days later, when other fragments were removed (60-day sample). The dentin morphology (scanning electron microscopy) and mineral content of calcium, phosphorus, and fluorine were assessed. During the follow-up periods (60 days and 10 to 15 months), restorations were evaluated and standardized radiographs were taken. A postprocessing routine was used to identify changes in the radiographic density between periods. RESULTS: After 60 days, the dentin exhibited a better organization, fewer bacteria, and signs of remineralization. The weight percents of calcium and phosphorus were higher 60 days after the cavity sealing, regardless of the group. Higher gray levels of carious and sound dentin were seen on the 10- to 15-month radiographs, irrespective of the group. The success rates of G1 and G2 were 89 percent and 88 percent, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The lining material isn't fundamental for caries arrestment. Early (60-day) and late (10 to 15 months) dentin changes occurred, indicating the remineralization of dentin carious tissue.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/fisiopatologia , Forramento da Cavidade Dentária , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/uso terapêutico , Remineralização Dentária/métodos , Adolescente , Cálcio/análise , Criança , Resinas Compostas/química , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Cárie Dentária/patologia , Cimentos Dentários/química , Materiais Dentários/química , Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Dentina/química , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Flúor/análise , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Fósforo/análise , Radiografia Interproximal/métodos , Técnica de Subtração , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , CerasRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This ex vivo study compared the physico-chemical structural differences between primary carious teeth biannually treated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and carious teeth without such treatment. METHOD: Twelve carious primary upper-central incisors were collected from 6-year-old children. Six teeth had arrested caries after 24-month biannual SDF applications and 6 had active caries when there was no topical fluoride treatment. The mineral density, elemental contents, surface morphology, and crystal characteristics were assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: Micro-CT examination revealed a superficial opaque band approximately 150µm on the arrested cavitated dentinal lesion. This band was limited in the active carious lesion. EDX examination detected a higher intensity of calcium and phosphate of 150µm in the surface zone than in the inner zone, but this zone was restricted in the active cavitated dentinal lesion. SEM examination indicated that the collagens were protected from being exposed in the arrested cavitated dentinal lesion, but were exposed in the active cavitated dentinal lesion. TEM examination suggested that remineralised hydroxyapatites were well aligned in the arrested cavitated dentinal lesion, while those in the active cavitated dentinal lesion indicated a random apatite arrangement. CONCLUSIONS: A highly remineralised zone rich in calcium and phosphate was found on the arrested cavitated dentinal lesion of primary teeth with an SDF application. The collagens were protected from being exposed in the arrested cavitated dentinal lesion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical SDF application positively influences dentine remineralisation.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos/uso terapêutico , Cárie Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Incisivo/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/uso terapêutico , Remineralização Dentária/métodos , Dente Decíduo/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio/análise , Fenômenos Químicos , Criança , Colágeno/ultraestrutura , Cristalografia , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Cárie Dentária/patologia , Dentina/química , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Durapatita/análise , Fluoretos/análise , Fluoretos Tópicos , Seguimentos , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Incisivo/química , Incisivo/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Fósforo/análise , Prata/análise , Compostos de Prata , Espectrometria por Raios X , Dente Decíduo/química , Dente Decíduo/ultraestrutura , Microtomografia por Raio-X/métodosRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious problem that progresses rapidly and often goes untreated. Current traumatic treatments may be replaced by safe and effective remineralization at very early stages. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the remineralization effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste on enamel lesions by assessing ultrastructure, nanomechanical properties, and compound and elemental analysis. METHODS: Enamel specimens from 6-year-old children were divided into groups: (1) native enamel; (2) water as negative control; (3) 500ppm NaF as positive control; and (4-7) CPP-ACP paste for 4, 8, 12, and 24h, as test groups. Ultrastructure and roughness were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM); nanohardness and elastic modulus were measured by nanoindentation; compound and crystal size of enamel surface patterns were investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). An electron microprobe (EPMA) was used for element analysis. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The CPP-ACP paste repaired the microstructure of enamel, including prism and interprism, through significantly increased hydroxyapatite crystal size (12.06±0.21nm) and Ca/P molar ratios (1.637±0.096) as compared with NaF (8.56±0.13nm crystal size and 1.397±0.086 Ca/P, p<0.01). Both CPP-ACP and NaF decrease roughness, and increase the nanohardness and elastic modulus, with no significant differences between the materials. CONCLUSIONS: The CPP-ACP paste is more suitable for children than NaF, due to advantages for remineralization. The AFM, nanoindentation, EPMA, and XRD are very helpful methods for further understanding of microscale and nanoscale remineralization mechanisms.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos/uso terapêutico , Caseínas/uso terapêutico , Cárie Dentária/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Remineralização Dentária/métodos , Dente Decíduo/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio/análise , Criança , Cristalografia , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Esmalte Dentário/química , Esmalte Dentário/ultraestrutura , Durapatita/química , Módulo de Elasticidade , Microanálise por Sonda Eletrônica , Feminino , Dureza , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Microscopia de Força Atômica , Fósforo/análise , Fluoreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Estresse Mecânico , Fatores de Tempo , Dente Decíduo/química , Dente Decíduo/ultraestrutura , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated whether Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence-Digital (QLF-D) can detect the levels of cariogenicity of dental microcosm biofilms by assessing the red fluorescence intensity. METHODS: Dental microcosm biofilms were initiated from human saliva on bovine enamel discs. Biofilms with various levels of cariogenicity were then grown in artificial saliva supplemented with sucrose at different concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.5%) in 24-well microplates. After 10 days, fluorescence images of the biofilms were captured by the QLF-D to analyse the red fluorescence intensity, which was quantified as the red/green ratio (R/G value). The supernatant pH was also measured, as well as the total and aciduric bacteria counts of the collected biofilms. Mineral loss in enamel was also evaluated by calculating the percentage of surface microhardness changes (%SHC). RESULTS: The R/G values of the biofilms differed significantly with the sucrose concentration (p<0.0001), increasing consistently as the sucrose concentration increased from 0.05% (=0.91) to 0.5% (=2.56). Strong correlation was identified between the R/G value and the number of aciduric bacteria (r=0.83, p<0.0001), supernatant pH (r=-0.95, p<0.0001), and %SHC (r=0.90, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The red fluorescence as observed by the QLF-D was correlated with the cariogenic properties of dental microcosm biofilms in vitro, which indicates that this device can be used to detect the levels of cariogenicity of a dental biofilm. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The QLF-D is able to assess the cariogenic levels of dental plaque based on the intensity of red fluorescence.
Assuntos
Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Animais , Carga Bacteriana , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Cariogênicos/administração & dosagem , Bovinos , Cor , Meios de Cultura , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Esmalte Dentário/química , Esmalte Dentário/microbiologia , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Fluorescência , Dureza , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Minerais/análise , Saliva/microbiologia , Saliva Artificial , Sacarose/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Scarce information exists on the clinical features of dental caries in the Imperial Roman population and no structural data on caries lesions from this period have so far been published. We report on the findings of 86 teeth (50-100 AD) found during archaeological excavations of the temple of Castor and Pollux in the Forum Romanum. We found that nearly all teeth had large carious cavities extending into the pulp. The distribution and size of the caries lesions were similar to those found in contemporary adult populations in Africa and China living without access to dental care. Most lesions had a hypermineralized zone in the dentin at the advancing front of the carious cavities as revealed by micro-computed tomography. This biological dentin reaction combined with the morphology of the cavities might indicate that some temporary topical pain relief and intervention treatment slowed down the rate of lesion progression. This is indirectly supported by examination of cavities of similar size and depth from a contemporary population without access to dental health care. In contrast to the lesions in the Roman teeth, these lesions did not exhibit a hypermineralized dentin reaction. We investigated whether the Pb isotopic composition of enamel and/or dentin of a single tooth matched that of a sample of an ancient Forum water lead pipe. The Pb isotopic composition of the tooth did not match that of the tube, suggesting that the subjects were exposed to different Pb sources during their lifetime other than the lead tubes.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/história , Adulto , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Polpa Dentária/patologia , Dentina/patologia , História Antiga , Humanos , Chumbo/análise , Cidade de Roma , Cárie Radicular/história , Abastecimento de Água/análise , Microtomografia por Raio-XRESUMO
The aim was to study the effects of zinc (Zn) and fluoride (F) on remineralisation at plaque fluid concentrations. Artificial carious lesions were created in 2 acid-gel demineralising systems (initially infinitely undersaturated and partially saturated with respect to enamel) giving lesions with different mineral distribution characteristics (high and low R values, respectively) but similar integrated mineral loss values. Lesions of both types were assigned to 1 of 4 groups and remineralised for 5 days at 37°C. Zn and F were added, based on plaque fluid concentrations 1 h after application, to give 4 treatments: 231 µmol/l Zn, 10.5 µmol/l F, Zn/F combined and an unmodified control solution (non-F/non-Zn). Subsequently remineralisation was measured using microradiography. High-R lesions were analysed for calcium, phosphorus, F and Zn using electron probe micro-analysis. All lesions underwent statistically significant remineralisation. For low-R lesions, remineralisation was in the order F(a) < non-F/non-Zn(a) < Zn(a, b) < Zn/F(b), and for high-R lesions F(a) < non-F/non-Zn(b) < Zn(b) < Zn/F(c) (treatments with the same superscript letter not significantly different, at p < 0.05). Qualitatively, remineralisation occurred throughout non-F/non-Zn and Zn groups, predominantly at the surface zone (F) and within the lesion body (Zn/F). Electron probe micro-analysis revealed Zn in relatively large amounts in the outer regions (Zn, Zn/F). F was abundant not only at the surface (F), but also in the lesion body (Zn/F). Calcium:phosphate ratios were similar to hydroxyapatite (all). To conclude, under static remineralising conditions simulating plaque fluid, Zn/F treatment gave significantly greater remineralisation than did F treatment, possibly because Zn in the Zn/F group maintained greater surface zone porosity compared with F, facilitating greater lesion body remineralisation.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Placa Dentária/metabolismo , Fluoretos/farmacologia , Remineralização Dentária , Zinco/farmacologia , Animais , Cálcio/análise , Cariostáticos/análise , Bovinos , Cárie Dentária/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Esmalte Dentário/metabolismo , Durapatita/análise , Microanálise por Sonda Eletrônica , Fluoretos/análise , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Ácido Láctico/efeitos adversos , Metilcelulose , Microrradiografia , Fósforo/análise , Espectrometria por Raios X , Temperatura , Fatores de Tempo , Remineralização Dentária/métodosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between dental caries and the biochemical composition of dental plaque and to determine the effect of a 10% sucrose solution on the biochemical structure of dental plaque in children. METHODS: 60 children grouped according to caries status took part in this study [Caries-free (CF), DMFS=0, df-s = 0; Caries-positive (CP), DMFS > or =10, df-s > or =10]. Dental plaque samples were collected before (baseline) and at 3 and 30 minutes after a 1-minute rinse with 10% sucrose. Fluoride (F), calcium (Ca), and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) levels were determined using ion chromatography, and insoluble polysaccharide (IEPS) concentrations were determined using colorimetric analysis. RESULTS: Although the mean baseline Ca and Pi levels in plaque were higher in the CF group than in the CP group, these differences were not statistically significant. Baseline IEPS levels were significantly higher in the CP group than in the CF group. Following exposure to sucrose, plaque F, Ca and Pi concentrations decreased significantly in both groups. However, insoluble polysaccharide concentrations increased significantly in the CF group only.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Placa Dentária/química , Cálcio/análise , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cromatografia por Troca Iônica , Colorimetria , Índice CPO , Feminino , Fluoretos/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Fósforo/análise , Polissacarídeos/análise , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Sacarose/farmacologiaRESUMO
The importance of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the rapid identification of teeth affected by caries has been demonstrated. The major and minor elemental constituents of teeth samples were analyzed using the prominent transitions of the atomic lines present in the sample. The elements detected in the tooth sample were: calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, strontium, titanium, carbon, phosphorous, hydrogen, oxygen, sodium, and potassium. The results revealed that the caries-affected part contained a less amount of calcium and phosphorous in comparison to the healthy part of the tooth sample, whereas higher content of magnesium, copper, zinc, strontium, carbon, sodium, and potassium were present in the caries-affected part. For the first time, we have observed that hydrogen and oxygen were less in healthy parts compared to the caries-affected part of the tooth sample. The density of calcium and phosphorous, which are the main matrix of teeth, was less in the caries-affected part than in the healthy part. The variation in densities of the trace constituents like magnesium and carbon, etc., in caries and healthy parts of the tooth sample are also discussed. The presence of different metal elements in healthy and caries-affected parts of the tooth samples and the possible role of different metal elements in the formation of caries have been discussed.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/diagnóstico , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Lasers de Estado Sólido , Análise Espectral/métodos , Cálcio/análise , Humanos , Metais/análise , Fósforo/análise , Dente/químicaRESUMO
Dental profession is largely challenged with rampant caries and probable predisposing factors for the same have been evaluated for ages. There is considerable evidence that emotional disturbances may be a causative factor in some cases of rampant caries. Thus the objective of the present study was to estimate the levels of salivary cortisol in children with active rampant caries before and after caries control using electrochemiluminescence assay. A total of 60 children between the age group of 5 to 10 years of both sexes were selected for the study. A questionnaire was also included to evaluate predisposing factors for caries. The results showed that there was an increase in salivary cortisol levels in children with rampant caries, the level decreased gradually when observed for a period of three months following dental treatment which was statistically significant.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/análise , Saliva/química , Logro , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Assistência Odontológica Integral , Índice CPO , Cárie Dentária/terapia , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Estética Dentária , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Medições Luminescentes , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiologia , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Odontalgia/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Erosive attack on enamel leads to a bulk material loss and a partial demineralisation at the lesion body. This zone of softened enamel has a reduced physical stability and large interprismatic porosities. The aim of the current study was to measure the degree of demineralisation with respect to the content of calcium and inorganic phosphorus in softened enamel using ultrasonication and chemical analysis. The erosive demineralisation was to be compared with demineralisation in caries. METHODS: Erosion of 10 polished human enamel samples was performed in 0.3% citric acid adjusted to pH 3.2 at 35 degrees C in a slowly stirred solution, each in a volume of 15 ml. After erosion the softened enamel was removed by ultrasonication in 2 ml of deionised water and enamel crystals were dissolved by adding 220 microl of 1M HCl. Substance loss was measured profilometricaly after erosion and after ultrasonication. Surface size of eroded enamel was measured thus volume loss could be calculated. Calcium and phosphate ion concentration in the solutions were measured after ultrasonication. RESULTS: Citric acid erosion caused a mean substance loss of 16.0 microm (SD 2.5 microm) and further enamel softening of 2.4 microm (SD 1.5 microm). The degree of demineralisation of softened enamel, in comparison the original mineral content, was 62% for calcium and 64% for inorganic phosphorus was calculated. CONCLUSION: The high degree of demineralisation shown in the current study explains the instability of softened enamel even against mild physical impact.
Assuntos
Cálcio/análise , Ácido Cítrico/efeitos adversos , Esmalte Dentário/química , Fósforo/análise , Erosão Dentária/metabolismo , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Solubilidade do Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Ácido Clorídrico/efeitos adversos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Fosfatos/análise , Porosidade , Temperatura , Fatores de Tempo , Desmineralização do Dente/metabolismo , Desmineralização do Dente/patologia , Erosão Dentária/patologia , UltrassomRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate in vitro effects of Rheum undulatum L. root on the development of dental caries, especially its effects on viability, dental plaque formation, and glycolytic acid production of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Methanol extract of Rheum undulatum L. root and its fractions were prepared and tested. Among the test extract and fractions, dichloromethane fraction (DF) showed the most active antibacterial activity (inhibition zone: 13-17 mm) against S. mutans and S. sobrinus in a disc diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of DF against these bacteria ranged from 0.25 to 0.5 mg/mL. Furthermore, DF significantly inhibited the caries-inducing factors of these bacteria. At sub-MIC levels, DF inhibited in vitro dental plaque formation by S. mutans and S. sobrinus (IC50= 0.079 and 0.142 mg/mL, respectively), which was caused, in part, by the inhibitory effect on the activity of glucosyltransferases. A significant reduction of glycolytic acid production was found at the concentration as low as 0.032 mg/mL for S. mutans and 0.063 mg/mL for S. sobrinus. The possible bioactive compounds that are inducing in vitro anti-cariogenic activity of DF are unknown. Based on the preliminary phytochemical analysis, the activity of DF may be related to the presence of anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, coumarines, sterols/terpenes, and phenolics. These results indicate that DF is probably useful for the control of dental plaque formation and subsequent dental caries development.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Placa Dentária/prevenção & controle , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Rheum , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus sobrinus/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Cariostáticos/química , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Placa Dentária/metabolismo , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Glucanos/metabolismo , Glucosiltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Glucosiltransferases/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cloreto de Metileno/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Extratos Vegetais/química , Raízes de Plantas , Solventes/química , Streptococcus mutans/enzimologia , Streptococcus mutans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Streptococcus sobrinus/enzimologia , Streptococcus sobrinus/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
In this study, the progenitor cells isolated from the human dental pulp were used to study the effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-soluble dentin extract (DE) on their differentiation and mineralization to better understand tissue injury and repair in the tooth. Mineralization of the matrix was increasingly evident at 14, 21, and 28 d after treatment with a mineralization supplement (MS) (ascorbic acid [AA], beta-glycerophosphate [beta-GP]) and MS + DE. Real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed type I collagen upregulation after the addition of MS + DE at 7 d. Alkaline phosphatase was downregulated after the mineralization became obvious at 14 d. Bone sialoprotein was shown to be upregulated in the mineralized cell groups at all time points and dentin sialophosphoprotein after 7 d. Core binding factor a 1 was upregulated by the treatment of MS and DE at 7, 14, and 21 d. These results indicated that the MS of AA, beta-GP, and DE synergistically induced cell differentiation of pulp progenitor cells into odontoblast-like cells and induced in vitro mineralization.
Assuntos
Calcificação Fisiológica , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Polpa Dentária/citologia , Polpa Dentária/fisiologia , Dentina/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/fisiologia , Extratos de Tecidos/metabolismo , Fosfatase Alcalina/genética , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Animais , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo I/genética , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Subunidade alfa 1 de Fator de Ligação ao Core/genética , Subunidade alfa 1 de Fator de Ligação ao Core/metabolismo , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Dentina/química , Glicerofosfatos/metabolismo , Humanos , Sialoproteína de Ligação à Integrina , Precursores de Proteínas/genética , Precursores de Proteínas/metabolismo , Sialoglicoproteínas/genética , Sialoglicoproteínas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/citologia , Suínos , Vitaminas/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A new approach called "minimum intervention" has been introduced for restoration of carious lesions to preserve tooth structure. This approach suggests that perhaps caries need not always be removed completely from deeper portions of the cavity. It is, therefore, important to characterize caries-affected dentin structures, because of the potential changes in bonding quality when using different dentinal substrates. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Ninety teeth (30 teeth each group) were studied. The first group (CF) consisted of 30 caries-free teeth. The second group (CC) consisted of 30 teeth, for which caries-free dentin teeth was chemically demineralized. The third group (ND) consisted of 30 extracted human molars with coronal carious lesions. After all tooth samples were water-polished with grit #600 SiC paper, they were tested by surface contact angle measurements and the electron-probe microanalyzer to measure Ca/P mol ratio. RESULTS: Contact angles were CF = 60.07 degrees ; CC = 30.8 degrees; ND = 26.11 degrees , p<0.05. Ca/P mol ratios were as follows; CF = 1.549 (+/-0.0435); CC = 1.324 (+/-0.2305); ND = 1.568 (+/-0.0523), p<0.05. Weibull analyses for Ca/P mol ratio indicated shape parameter (m) of CF was 13.3; it was 12.8 for ND and 11.8 for CC. Above the delta point (=1.65 in Ca/P ratio), for both groups m = 3.4. CONCLUSION: Caries-affected dentin surfaces (naturally-developed and chemically created) were statistically more chemically active than caries-free dentin surface. Ca/P mol ratio of chemically created caries was less than other two groups.