Terapéutica para tratar el cólera en Yucatán, México (1833-1853). Medicina fisiológica, herbolaria local y régimen moral / Therapy for the treatment of cholera in Yucatan, México (1833-1853). Physiological medicine, local herbalist and moral regiment

Este artículo analiza los pilares que sostuvieron la práctica terapéutica en Yucatán para tratar a los enfermos de cólera durante los brotes registrados antes del descubrimiento de su etiología bacteriana, uno en 1833 y otro en 1853. Debido en parte a una importante evolución del pensamiento médico-científico y a la divulgación de los principios del positivismo, en esta época se vivió un profundo proceso de transformación que significó, entre otras cosas, nuevas percepciones sobre la enfermedad y esquemas distintos a los coloniales para afrontar las emergencias y procurar la salud pública. Sin embargo, ante la falta de consensos en cuanto al origen del cólera y sus medios de propagación, el gobierno estatal promovió la difusión de diferentes técnicas terapéuticas empleadas en Europa o Estados Unidos, que se sumaron al conocimiento local respecto al empleo medicinal de la herbolaria, retomando también antiguas ideas sobre la incidencia de las conductas morales individuales en la propensión al contagio y eventualmente a la muerte (AU)

This article analyzes the pillars that supported the therapeutic practice in Yucatán to treat cholera patients during the outbreaks preceding the discovery of its bacterial etiology, one in 1833 and another in 1853. Due partly to a significant evolution in scientific and medical ideas, and the dissemination of the principles of positivism, a profound process of transformation was experienced, which brought, among other things, new perceptions of the disease as well as schemes different from the colonials to deal with emergencies and ensure public health. However, given the lack of consensus about the origin of cholera and its means of propagation, the government promoted different therapeutic techniques practiced in Europe or the United States, alongside local knowledge on the medicinal use of herbs, while also reviving old ideas on the impact of individual moral behavior in the tendency to contract the disease and eventually die (AU)

La recepción de la teoría bacteriológica en Cataluña a través de la Revista Homeopática (1890-1913) / The bacterial theory in Catalonia through Revista Homeopática (1890-1913)

El cambio de paradigma médico que provocaron los descubrimientos en bacteriología aceleró la necesidad por parte de la homeopatía de recibir y adaptar su doctrina a las nuevas tendencias científicas. Las estrategias de legitimación son un instrumento de gran importancia en el posicionamiento de las disciplinas dentro del mundo científico. La homeopatía, como disciplina médica, también utilizó sus recursos para apropiarse de una teoría que se estaba introduciendo con fuerza. En este trabajo se estudiarán las estrategias legitimadoras utilizadas por la Academia Médico Homeopática de Barcelona, a fin de que los nuevos descubrimientos de koch no derrumbasen la doctrina Hahnemanniana, a partir del análisis de la Revista Homeopática, órgano de difusión de esta institución. Con el estudio de estas estrategias, se intenta demostrar que la teoría bacteriana no representó el principio del fin, de un movimiento que todavía hoy sobrevive al pensamiento hegemónico (AU)

The discoveries in bacteriology led to a paradigm shift in medical homeopathy, accelerating the need to receive and adapt its teaching to new scientific trends. Legitimisation strategies are an important tool in the positioning of the disciplines within the scientific world. Homeopathy is a medicaldiscipline that also uses its resources to take on a theory that was being introduced to great effect. this paper exa mines the legitimisation strategies that the Acadèmia Médico-Homeopàtica de Barcelona used so that koch’s new discoveries did not demolish the Hahnemanniana doctrine, from the analysis of the Revista Homeopática. The study of these strategies tries to show that the bacterial theory did not represent the beginning of the end of a movement that still survives today (AU)

In a time of cholera.

INTRODUCTION: Dr. Nathaniel Alcock in his book A treatise on cholera described 22 cases of cholera that he treated in 1832. Blood-letting, either by leeches or venesection, was an essential part of the treatment. RATIONALE: The belief was that reducing the blood volume would relieve stress on the heart and lungs allowing for better function. The receipts of the Townsend Street Cholera Hospital where Dr. Alcock worked show how extensive the practice was. Outside Dublin, local Boards of Health dealt with the cholera epidemic. Various public measures such as street cleaning and removal of patients to temporary hospitals were undertaken and various cures were tried. OUTCOME: The overall mortality rate from cholera in Ireland during the epidemic was 38 %, but in some areas much higher. CONCLUSION: Even as cholera was spreading in the 1830s, a number of doctors were showing that intravenous fluids could dramatically alter the course of the disease. Unfortunately, their work was ignored and blood-letting continued to be a major component of the treatment of cholera for another 55 years.

[The recognition and denomination of drastic cholera in modern Traditional Chinese medicine].

This article mainly expounds on the recognition and denomination of drastic cholera in modern Traditional Chinese medicine. After cholera spread into China, some doctors found that this disease was different from "Huoluan" recorded in ancient Chinese medical books. They began to do research on the subject and invented new disease terminology such as Diaojiaosha, Bieluosha, Fuyin, Shiyihuoluan etc. Thereafter, more and more doctors of TCM began to accept the nomenclature and connotation of cholera in western medicine. Huoluan, the ancient TCM terminology has been given a new connotation which has been used until now, becoming the formally recognized name of the drastic epidemic disease.

[The cholera epidemics in Córdoba as seen through the press: the supply of preservatives and cures during the 1867-1868 epidemic]. / Las epidemias de cólera en Córdoba a través del penriodismo: la oferta de productos preservativos y curativos durante la epidemia de 1867-1868.

Disease is always represented a moment of crisis for individuals and societies. When death brought by disease hangs heavy over societies, they are lead to develop strategies to prevent and cure it. Epidemics, especially cholera epidemics, have had a strong impact on Argentine society, especially on Cordoba residents, because the first cholera outbreak was highly devastating in both demographic and social terms. In this article we analyze the supply of products that were advertised in the press during the first epidemic, which broke out in 1867-68. Our basic hypothesis is that the products available developed a widespread trade that was not the object of commercial transactions common to those social grouping during periods in which there were no epidemics. When they took place, those products were directed towards more affluent groups.

Medico - historical study of "Visucika" (Cholera).

The Sanskrit word Visucika refers to a condition in which vitiated vata dosa causes pain like pricking with a needle over the body. It occurs in a person suffering with ajirna (indigestion) and its detailed description is available in Ayurvedic literature. This disease has its existence in India since ancient times; it has also been referred in Mahaharata and Tripitikas. Its etiology, signs, symptoms, complications, prognosis and treatment etc. as described in Ayurveda may be correlated with the disease Cholera, which is commonly known as "Haiza" in Hindi. In Greek language, the word Cholera means a flow of bile or the bilious disease. Cholera is an acute infectious diarrheal disease, caused by comma bacillus or vibrio cholerae sero groups 01 or 0139. Aretaetus, Benjamin Rush, Chadwick, John Snow, Robert Koch, etc. were some of the pioneers in Cholera research. Medico- historical importance of Cholera, its transmission, description and references from Ayurvedic texts etc., are being presented in this article.

Cólera e medicina ambiental no manuscrito ´Cholera-morbus´(1832), de Antonio Correa de Lacerda (1777-1852) / Cholera and environmental medicine in the manuscript ´Cholera-morbus´(1832), by Antonio Correa de Lacerda (1777-1852)

Aborda questões relativas ao paradigma ambientalista que predominou nos debates médicos na primeira metade do século XIX, a partir de um texto do médico português Antonio Correa de Lacerda (1777-1852), que viveu em Belém(PA) e Säo Luís (MA) entre 1818 e 1852. Trata-se do manuscrito ´Cholera-morbus´, de 1832, ano em que a epidemia atingiu Paris...(AU)

Cólera e medicina ambiental no manuscrito Cholera-morbus (1832), de Antonio Correa de Lacerda (1777-1852) / Cholera and environmental medicine in the manuscript Cholera-morbus (1832), by Antonio Correa de Lacerda (1777-1852)

Na primeira metade do século XIX, o paradigma ambientalista predominou nos debates médicos. No Brasil, ele foi responsável pela construção de uma agenda higienista que condicionou a atuação dos médicos e deu a chave interpretativa para os problemas relacionados à saúde pública. Neste artigo abordam-se estas e outras questões, a partir de um texto do médico português Antonio Correa de Lacerda (1777-1852), que viveu em Belém (PA) e São Luís (MA) entre 1818 e 1852. Trata-se do manuscrito 'Cholera-morbus', de 1832, ano em que a epidemia atingiu Paris. Nele, Lacerda mobiliza diferentes conhecimentos para apresentar uma explicação coerente sobre a doença, permitindo-nos acompanhar uma interpretação anticontagionista calcada na clínica anatomopatológica e como pôde um médico provincial produzir conhecimentos originais sobre a relação entre clima, saúde e cultura, inclusive sobre o uso medicinal de plantas amazônicas.

[Cholera and environmental medicine in the manuscript "Cholera-morbus" (1832), by Antonio Correa de Lacerda (1777-1852)]. / Cólera e medicina ambiental no manuscrito 'Cholera-morbus' (1832), de Antonio Correa de Lacerda (1777-1852).

In the first half of the nineteenth century, the environmentalist paradigm dominated medical debate. In Brazil, it engendered the construction of a hygienist agenda that framed physicians' work and provided an interpretive key to public health-related issues The article addresses these and other questions from teh perspective of a text by Portuguese physician Antonio Correa de Lacerda who resided in Belém (Pará) and São Luís (Maranhão) between 1818 and 1852. Entitled "Cholera-morbus," the manuscript was written in 1832, the year the epidemic hit Paris. Lacerda calls on different areas of knowledge in his presentation of a coherent explanation of the disease, affording us a view of an anticontagionist interpretation grounded in anatomopathological practice. He likewise demonstrates how it was possible for a provincial doctor to produce original knowledge on the relation between climate, health, and culture, including the medicinal use of Amazon plants.

Doses infinitesimais contra a epidemia de cólera em 1855 / Infinitesimal doses against the epidemics of cholera in 1855

Discute a atuaçäo dos homeopatas na epidemia de cólera no Rio de Janeiro, tendo como fundo a sociedade brasileira da segunda metade do século XIX, a institucionalizaçäo da pesquisa científica, as práticas terapêuticas e as representações das doenças.(AU)

Doses infinitesimais contra a epidemia de cólera em 1855 / Infinitesimal doses against the epidemics of cholera in 1855

Discute a atuação dos homeopatas na epidemia de cólera no Rio de Janeiro, tendo como fundo a sociedade brasileira da segunda metade do século XIX, a institucionalização da pesquisa científica, as práticas terapêuticas e as representações das doenças.

Cólera, o flagelo da Belém do Grão-Pará / Cholera, the scourge of Belém of the Grão-Pará

Este livro é fruto de pesquisas interdisciplinares, desenvolvidas a partir da epidemia de cólera ocorrida em 1991. Valendo-se do instrumental das ciências humanas, a autora realizou importante trabalho historiográfico, conduzindo-o a uma retrospectiva secular, revelando aspectos da epidemia de cólera que assolou o Norte do Brasil em 1855, destacando os atores sociais e estratégias para enfrentá-la na Belém do Grão-Pará do século XIX. O impacto social provocado pela epidemia vinda da Europa nas populações do norte do Brasil, levou as autoridades a adotar políticas públicas voltadas à saúde e, diante da pressão social, recorreu-se à alopatia e à homeopatia, como também às práticas populares e aos saberes tradicionais. Esse fato social reveste-se de profunda fonte de análise científica que revelou as estratégias políticas e a solidariedade entre provedores de benefícios e auxílios e os atingidos par o enfrentamento do mal devastador, que ressurge em nossas terras em 1991.

Coleridge's choleras: cholera morbus, Asiatic cholera, and dysentery in early nineteenth-century England.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge suffered from a variety of bowel disorders throughout his life; though a large part of his ailment was caused by his famous opium habit, he continuously sought an organic origin, and on at least two separate occasions, in 1804 and 1831-32, he ascribed his disorders to attacks of "cholera." With Asiatic cholera apparently first reaching England in late 1831, there was considerable argument among both physicians and the general public as to whether it was a distinctly new disease, or merely a severer variation of traditional English cholera, known as "cholera morbus." Coleridge took a particular interest in these discussions. In this paper, we attempt to establish the exact nature of his attacks of illness, and point to the complexities of describing and framing new diseases and bowel disorders in the early nineteenth century.

O exercício das artes de curar no Rio de Janeiro(1828 a 1855) / Healing practices in Rio de Janeiro (from 1828 to 1855)

Estuda as transformações pelas quais passou o exercício das práticas de curar entre os anos 1828 e 1855, sobretudo no Rio de Janeiro. Observa, nesse período, a organizaçäo dos médicos acadêmicos em torno da Faculdade de Medicina, Academia Imperial de Medicina e periódicos especializados, ao mesmo tempo em que os terapeutas populares foram perdendo espaço para legalizar as suas atividades. Compara as mudanças na legislaçäo e a açäo dos órgäos fiscalizadores com a atuaçäo dos terapeutas näo oficializados e a procura da populaçäo por seus serviços. Para aprofundar a análise desse processo, enfoca a pesquisa no principal hospital dessa época - o da Santa Casa da Misericórdia - e no contexto da epidemia de cólera de 1855.(AU)

O exercício das artes de curar no Rio de Janeiro (1818 a 1855) / Healing practices in Rio de Janeiro (from 1818 to 1855)

Estuda as transformações pelas quais passou o exercício das práticas de curar entre os anos 1828 e 1855, sobretudo no Rio de Janeiro. Observa, nesse período, a organização dos médicos acadêmicos em torno da Faculdade de Medicina, Academia Imperial de Medicina e periódicos especializados, ao mesmo tempo em que os terapeutas populares foram perdendo espaço para legalizar as suas atividades. Compara as mudanças na legislação e a ação dos órgãos fiscalizadores com a atuação dos terapeutas não oficializados e a procura da população por seus serviços. Para aprofundar a análise desse processo, enfoca a pesquisa no principal hospital dessa época - o da Santa Casa da Misericórdia - e no contexto da epidemia de cólera de 1855.

As artes de curar nos tempos do cólera: Recife, 1856 / The arts of healing in times of cholera: Recife, 1856

Tem como objetivo indicar como uma conjuntura de crise epidêmica se caracterizou por um jogo de forças em que noçöes concorrentes de saúde e práticas terapêuticas disputaram legitimidade social e reconhecimento hegemônico. (AU)