Looking to the future: Agendas, directions, and resources for nutrition research.

The development and progression of nutrition as a scientific field is ever evolving and complex. Although the history of nutrition research began by exploring specific food components, it has evolved to encompass a more holistic view that considers the impact of dietary patterns over time, interactions with the environment, nutrition's role in disease processes, and public policy related to nutrition health. To guide the future direction of nutrition science, both federal and other professional organizations have established agendas and goals. The Strategic Plan for National Institutes of Health Nutrition Research outlines four goals and five cross-cutting research areas that are priorities to explore between 2020 and 2030. Similarly, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and other governmental and professional organizations have identified priority areas in their research agendas. Rigorous research studies are needed to explore these areas of interest while also considering practical implementation strategies for translating research into practice. Nutrition clinicians are uniquely positioned to lend expertise in the areas of research design, implementation, advocacy and evidence-based practice; there are numerous resources to support practitioners in these endeavors.

Influence of physician and clinical dietitian on the use of dietary supplements among Polish patients with ulcerative colitis – pilot study / Influencia del médico y dietista clínico sobre el uso de suplementos dietéticos entre pacientes polacos con colitis ulcerosa – estudio piloto

Introduction: Patients with ulcerative colitis are a group of patients who are particularly vulnerable to nutritional deficiencies. Supplementation, prescribed by a physician or clinical dietitian, is therefore important in these patients. Materials and methods: The study was carried out by means of a questionnaire on a group of 106 people diagnosed with colitis and in remission. Results: More than 92% recommended the use of dietary supplements. Vitamin supplements were most common among people with ulcerative colitis (82.7%). The physician as a source of knowledge positively influenced the use of vitamin and mineral supplements (r=0.23, p=0.0213) while dietitians as a source of knowledge showed no significant effect on patients' supplementation choices. Conclusion: In Poland, the physician is the main source of supplementation knowledge than the clinical dietitian. This may be due to the unregulated nature of the dietitian profession in the Polish health care system. . It is therefore necessary to integrate dietitians in Poland into the medical profession, which will allow for better results in the treatment of not only IBD patients.(AU)

Correlación entre marcadores inflamatorios con función física y composición corporal en adultos mayores de la comunidad: estudio transversal / Correlation between inflammatory markers with physical function and bodycomposition in community older adults: a cross-sectional study

Introducción: El envejecimiento está relacionado con diversas enfermedades crónicas que causan inflamación sistémica, caracterizada por un aumento en los niveles sanguíneos de interleucina 6 (IL-6) y factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α). La función física y la composición corporal podrían estar relacionadas con estos marcadores inflamatorios en adultos mayores.Objetivo: Analizar la correlación entre marcadores inflamatorios sanguíneos, función física y composición corporal en adultos mayores de la comunidad.Metodología: Estudio transversal con 245 adultos mayores (hombres 68±6 años; mujeres: 69%) de la ciudad de Londrina, Brasil. Se analizaron los niveles sanguíneos de IL-6 y TNF-α con citometría de flujo. Para la evaluación física fue considerado el equilibrio estático con la prueba de estación unipodal (PEU), la fuerza de prensión manual (FPM) utilizando un dinamómetro digital y la capacidad aeróbica con la prueba de caminata de seis minutos (PC6M). Para la evaluación de la composición corporal, fueron considerados los siguientes perímetros: cadera, pantorrilla, cuádriceps, bíceps braquial, tríceps braquial y cintura. Se analizó la correlación de las variables inflamatorias con las de función física y composición corporal, utilizando Pearson o Spearman con el software SPSS versión 22.Resultados: Los niveles de IL-6 se correlacionaron con la PEU (r: -0.22; p: 0.002), el perímetro de tríceps (r: 0.16; p: 0.023) y el de cintura (r: 0.34; p: 0.000). Los niveles de TNF-α se correlacionaron con FPM (r: -0.15; p: 0.035), el perímetro de tríceps (r: 1.79; p: 0.012) y el de cintura (r: 0.27; p< 0.001). Conclusión: Los marcadores inflamatorios están relacionados con menor fuerza, equilibrio estático y un aumento en el perímetro de tríceps y cintura en adultos mayores de la comunidad.(AU)

Introduction: Aging is associated with various chronic dis-eases that cause systemic inflammation, characterized by an in-crease in blood levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Physical function and body compositionmay be related to these inflammatory markers in older adults.Objective: To analyze the correlation between blood in-flammatory markers, physical function and body compositionin community-dwelling older adults.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out with242 community-dwelling older adults (mean age was 68±6years for males and 70±6 years for females; the percentageof men was 36.6% and 69.4% of women) from the city ofLondrina, Brazil. Blood levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were analyzedwith flow cytometry. For the physical evaluation, static balancewas measured with the one-legged stance test (OLS), hand-grip strength (HGS) using a digital dynamometer and aerobiccapacity with the six-minute walk test (6MWT). For the evalu-ation of body composition, the following perimeters were con-sidered: hip, calf, quadriceps, biceps brachii, triceps brachiiand waist. The correlation of inflammatory variables withthose of physical function and body composition was analyzedusing Pearson or Spearman with SPSS version 22 software.Results: IL-6 levels were correlated with OLS (r: -0.22;p:0.002), triceps circumference (r: 0.16; p:0.023) and waist cir-cumference (r: 0.34; p:0.000). TNF-α levels were correlatedwith HGS (r: -0.15; p:0.035), triceps circumference (r: 1.79;p:0.012) and waist circumference (r: 0.27; p < 0.001).Conclusion: Inflammatory biomarkers are related to lowmuscle strength, static balance, and an increase in tricepsand waist circumference.(AU)

Evaluación de galletas a base de harina de quinua(Chenopodium quinoa) y maíz (Zea mays) empleandodiferentes hidrocoloides / Evaluation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and corn (Zea mays) flour-basedcookies using different hydrocolloids

Introducción: La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa), es un pseudocereal andino, el maíz (Zea mays L.) es uno de los principales cultivos del mundo, en la antigüedad se empleaba para la alimentación de las personas de sectores rurales y para dieta animal, ambos cereales tienes las propiedades para poder ser industrializados en el área de repostería como es el caso de las galletas Objetivo: Evaluar las formulaciones de galletas a base de harina de quinua (chenopodium quinoa) y maíz (zea mays) empleando diferentes hidrocoloides Materiales y métodos: Para la elaboración de las galletas se empleó un Diseños Completamente al Azar (D.C.A), con modelo factorial AxB, donde Factor A= Tipo de harina (quinua y maíz), Factor B= Hidrocoloides Resultados: La concentración del 60 % harina de quinua + harina de maíz 40 % + goma xantana, situó los mejores valores para las características fisicoquímicas. Sin embargo, el T5= 40 % harina de quinua + harina de maíz 60 % + goma xantana, obtuvo la mejor valoración en los perfiles sensoriales (color, textura, sabor y aceptabilidad), en cuanto a los análisis microbiológicos no se encontró presencia de E. coli, levaduras y mohosConclusión: En cuanto los resultados fisicoquímicos, se demostró que los tratamientos presentaron una humedad dentro de límites permisibles por la Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana INEN 2 085:2005. Galletas, Requisitos. Por su parte, el T2 resalto en el contenido de proteína (8.12 %) y carbohidratos (64.46 %). El T5 obtuvo mejores atributos sensoriales, Así mismo el análisis microbiológico presentó ausencia en E. coli, levaduras y mohos.(AU)

Introduction: Quinoa is a pseudocereal of high nutritionalvalue, rich in proteins, lipids, fiber, vitamins and gluten-free.On the other hand, corn is a cereal that is characterized by itshigh production and commercialization. In ancient times, it was used to feed people in rural areas and for animal feed. Itis important to point out that both cereals have the propertiesand characteristics to be used as raw material in the elabora-tion of food products.Objective: To evaluate the physicochemical and sensorycharacteristics of quinoa (C. quinoa) and corn (Z mays) flour-based cookies using different hydrocolloids.Materials and methods: For the production of the cook-ies, a completely randomized design (CRD) was used with anA*B factorial model, where factor A = quinoa flour/corn flourratio and factor B = hydrocolloids.Results: The concentration of 60% quinoa flour + 40%corn flour + xanthan gum gave the best values for the physic-ochemical characteristics. However, T5, which corresponds to40% quinoa flour + 60% corn flour + xanthan gum, obtainedthe best evaluation in the sensory profiles (color, texture, fla-vor and acceptability). In terms of microbiological analysis, noE. coli, yeasts or molds were found. For this reason, the safetyof the raw material and the final product is guaranteed.Conclusion: As for the physicochemical analyses, thetreatments presented a moisture content within the limits es-tablished by the Ecuadorian Technical Standard INEN 2085,requirements for cookies. Therefore, it is concluded that byincluding 60% quinoa flour + 40% corn flour + xanthan gum,the protein (8.12%) and carbohydrate (64.46%) content in-creased considerably. While the use of 40% quinoa flour +60% corn flour + xanthan gum allowed intensifying the sen-sory attributes, obtaining the best results. In addition, it wasdetermined that the raw material and final product is innocu-ous and free of microorganisms, being suitable for human consumption.(AU)

Perfil nutricional de pacientes ostomizados. Hospital General del segundo departamento de San Pedro Paraguay ­ Corea. 2022 / Nutritional profile of ostomized patients. General Hospital of the second department of San Pedro Paraguay ­ Korea. 2022

El perfil nutricional de los pacientes ostomizados adquiere especial atención debido a las condiciones que podrían predisponer a una malnutrición. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el perfil nutricional de pacientes ostomizados que reciben atención ambulatoria en el Hospital General del Segundo Departamento de San Pedro-Paraguay - Corea, en el año 2022, se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal. Los datos obtenidos fueron cargados en una planilla electrónica Microsoft-Excel, para el análisis se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Para describir el estado nutricional de los pacientes se emplearon indicadores antropométricos y el Screening de Riesgo Nutricional (NRS-2002), aplicados mediante entrevista y evaluación clínica nutricional. El estudio tuvo una duración global de 9 meses, fueron incluidos 20 pacientes ostomizados atendidos en el Programa Nacional de Atención Integral al Paciente Ostomizado provisto por el Hospital General Paraguay-Corea que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se respetaron los principios éticos de investigación. El grupo etario más representativo fue el de 41 a 64 años o más, seguido del grupo etario de 20 a 40 años; mayor proporción de sexo masculino, procedencia rural. El tipo de ostomía más frecuente fue colostomía terminal seguido de colostomía laterales; enfermedad de base más frecuente fue el de tipo oncológico, seguida de obstrucción intestinal, trauma y por último fistulas y enfermedad diverticular. En conclusión, la apreciación global del estado nutricional evaluada mediante la herramienta NRS-2002 indicó que el perfil nutricional de los pacientes ostomizados presenta riesgo de malnutrición en todos los casos evaluados.

The nutritional profile of ostomized patients acquires special attention due to the conditions that could predispose to malnutrition. The objective of the study was to determine the nutritional profile of ostomized patients who receive outpatient care at the General Hospital of the Second Department of San Pedro-Paraguay Korea, in the year 2022, an observational study of a cross-section was conducted. The data obtained were loaded in an electronic form Microsoft-Excel, for the analysis was used descriptive statistics. To describe the nutritional status of patients, anthropometric indicators and nutritional risk screening (NRS-2002) were used, applied through nutritional clinical interview and evaluation. The study had a global duration of 9 months, 20 ostomized patients were included in the National Program for Comprehensive Care of the Ostomized Patient provided by the General Paraguay-Corea Hospital that complied with the inclusion criteria. Ethical research principles were respected. The most representative age group was 41 to 64 years or more, followed by the age group from 20 to 40 years; Greater proportion of male sex, rural origin. The most frequent type of ostomy was terminal colostomy followed by lateral colostomy; The most frequent base disease was the oncological type, followed by intestinal obstruction, trauma and finally fistulas and diverticular disease. In conclusion, the global appreciation of the nutritional status evaluated by the NRS-2002 tool indicated that the nutritional profile of ostomized patients has a risk of malnutrition in all cases evaluated.

Advancing nutrition science to meet evolving global health needs.

Populations in crisis!A global overview of health challenges and policy efforts within the scope of current nutrition issues, from persistent forms of undernutrition, including micronutrient deficiency, to diet-related chronic diseases. Nutrition science has evolved from a therapeutic and prevention emphasis to include a focus on diets and food systems. Working and consensus definitions are needed, as well as guidance related to healthy diets and the emerging issues that require further research and consensus building. Between nutrient deficiency and chronic disease, nutrition has evolved from focusing exclusively on the extremes of overt nutrient deficiency and chronic disease prevention, to equipping bodies with the ability to cope with physiologic, metabolic, and psychological stress. Just what is 'optimal nutrition', is that a valid public health goal, and what terminology is being provided by the nutrition science community? Nutrition research on 'healthspan', resilience, and intrinsic capacity may provide evidence to support optimal nutrition. Finally, experts provide views on ongoing challenges of achieving consensus or acceptance of the various definitions and interventions for health promotion, and how these can inform government health policies.Nutrition topics that receive particular focus in these proceedings include choline, NAD-replenishment in neurodegenerative diseases, and xanthophyll carotenoids. Choline is a crucial nutrient essential for cellular metabolism, requiring consumption from foods or supplements due to inadequate endogenous synthesis. Maternal choline intake is vital for fetal and infant development to prevent neural tube defects. Neurodegenerative diseases pose a growing health challenge, lacking effective therapies. Nutrition, including NAD-replenishing nutrients, might aid prevention. Emerging research indicates xanthophyll carotenoids enhance vision and cognition, potentially impacting age-related diseases.

Possibilidades de integração entre a fonoaudiologia e a nutrição com base em produções nacionais / Possibilities of integration between speech therapy and nutrition based on national productions / Posibilidades de integración entre la terapia del lenguaje y la nutrición a partir de las producciones nacionales

Introdução: A atuação interdisciplinar entre a fonoaudiologia e a nutrição colabora para um atendimento mais integral entre os usuários da saúde, fato que demonstra a importância de pesquisar suas correlações. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se existe integração entre a atuação do fonoaudiólogo e do nutricionista, identificando as publicações existentes, as especialidades contempladas, bem como a atuação dos profissionais nos diferentes ciclos de vida e níveis de atenção à saúde. Metodologia: Foram analisados 3.551 artigos eletrônicos disponíveis eletronicamente dos periódicos CODAS, CEFAC, Distúrbios da Comunicação e Audiology Communication Research, entre os anos de 2013 e 2022, por meio de um Protocolo de Classificação de Artigos. Resultados: Dentre as publicações analisadas, 274 (7,7%) integram a Fonoaudiologia e a Nutrição, especialmente na Especialidade da Motricidade Orofacial (n=124; 26,9%), no Ciclo Vital Infantil (n=132; 43%) e no Nível de Atenção Secundário (n=97; 35,4%). Conclusão: Concluiu-se que existe interface entre as duas profissões, porém, ainda é necessário fortalecer a atuação nos diferentes ciclos de vida. Além disso, incentivar a prática profissional em outros níveis de atenção, especialmente na primária, para prevenção dos distúrbios alimentares e promoção da alimentação saudável entre usuários do sistema de saúde.

Introduction: Interdisciplinary performance between speech therapy and nutrition contributes to a more integral care among health users, a fact that demonstrates the importance of researching their correlations. Objective: The purpose of this study was to verify if there is integration between the performance of the speech therapist and nutritionist, identifying the existing publications, the specialities contemplated, as well the performance of professionals in different life cycles and levels of health care. Methods: 3.551 electronic articles were analyzed, in the electronic journals CODAS, CEFAC, Distúrbios da Comunicação and Audiology Communication Research, between the years 2013 and 2022, through an Article Classification Protocol. Results: Among the analyzed publications, 274 (7,7%) integrate Speech Language and Hearing Sciences and Nutrition, especially in orofacial motricity (n=124; 26,9%), Children's Life Cycle (n=132; 43%), and secondary care level (n=97; 35,4%). Conclusion: it was concluded that there is an interface between the two professions, although it is still necessary to strengthen the performance in the different life cycles. Furthermore, to encourage professional practice at other levels of care, especially in the primary, to prevent nourishment disorders and promote healthy eating among users of the health system

Introducción: El rendimiento interdisciplinario entre la terapia del habla y la nutrición contribuye a una atención más integral entre los usuarios de la salud, un hecho que demuestra la importancia de investigar sus correlaciones. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar si existe integración entre la terapia del habla y la nutricionista, identificando las publicaciones existentes, las especialidades contempladas, así como la actuación de los profesionales en diferentes ciclos de vida y niveles de atención a la salud. Métodos: Fueron analizados 3.551 artículos electrónicos, en las revistas electrónicas CODAS, CEFAC, Distúrbios da Comunicação y Audiology Communication Research, entre los años 2013 a 2022, a través de un Protocolo de Clasificación de Artículos. Resultados: Entre las publicaciones analizadas, 274 (7,7%) integran terapia del habla y Nutrición, especialmente en motricidad orofacial (n=124; 26,9%), Ciclo de Vida Infantil (n=132; 43%), y secundaria nivel asistencial (n=97; 35,4%). Conclusións: Se concluyó que existe una interfaz entre las dos profesiones, aunque aún es necesario fortalecer el desempeño en los diferentes ciclos de vida. Además, incentivar la práctica profesional en otros niveles de atención, especialmente en el primario, para prevenir trastornos de la alimentación y promover la alimentación saludable entre los usuarios del sistema de salud.

Una estrategia para la prevención de la anemia infantil por deficiencia nutricional de hierro. Producción nacional y distribución de un complemento para niños y niñas de 6 a 24 meses / A strategy for the prevention of childhood anemia due to nutritional iron deficiency. National production and distribution of a supplement for boys and girls from 6 to 24 months

Fierritas corresponde a una estrategia nacional enmarcada en la Ley 1000 días (Ley N° 27.611) para la prevención de la anemia infantil por deficiencia nutricional de hierro, por medio de la producción nacional y distribución de un complemento nutricional en polvo para niños y niñas de 6 a 24 meses con cobertura pública de salud, que tengan indicación de suplementación con sulfato ferroso y que al momento de la consulta no presenten adherencia terapéutica a esta suplementación. La fortificación se realiza de manera domiciliaria a partir de la administración diaria de un sobre que contiene una mezcla de micronutrientes (hierro, zinc y vitamina A). La estrategia viene a dar respuesta a uno de los problemas nutricionales más frecuentes en la niñez en nuestro país, potenciando las posibilidades de crecimiento, desarrollo y fortaleciendo el desarrollo inmunológico, corporal e intelectual de los niños y las niñas de Argentina.

Conversation with Eric Ciappio, PhD, RD, Strategic Development Manager Nutrition Science Team Balchem.

No Abstract Available.

Ciência, indústria e sociedade civil: paradigmas, discursos e disputas no campo da alimentação no Brasil / Science, industry, and civil society: paradigms, discourses, and disputes in the field of food in Brazil

A insustentabilidade do Antropoceno evidencia a impossibilidade de continuar dissociando o ser humano da natureza, marca da lógica hegemônica de produção de conhecimento. Como elemento central desta época, os sistemas alimentares, enraizados em disputas de poder político e econômico, apresentam inúmeras externalidades negativas sobre as dimensões ambiental e social, inclusive no sentido paradoxal de não garantir segurança alimentar e nutricional à humanidade. Contudo, como fruto da referida lógica, a ciência da Nutrição se desenvolveu sobre bases insuficientes para lidar de forma assertiva com questões tão complexas. Cientes da necessidade de transformação dos sistemas de pensamento científicos e dos sistemas alimentares para que seja possível enfrentar os desafios característicos do Antropoceno, nosso objetivo foi compreender a evolução e estado atual dos paradigmas científicos em Nutrição e sua incorporação em discursos de atores sociais chave nos sistemas alimentares brasileiros. Para tanto, duas pesquisas foram desenvolvidas. A primeira foi uma revisão sistemática da literatura que se utilizou de ferramentas de Inteligência Artificial para análise bibliométrica (bibliometrix R-package), buscando identificar como os paradigmas orientadores da ciência da Nutrição se caracterizam na atualidade, além de investigar a possível incorporação da sustentabilidade como tema. Identificamos um campo de disputas em que os paradigmas evoluem obedecendo uma organização em esferas, não sendo verificada a superação paradigmática, mas um movimento de ampliação em sentidos opostos. De um lado, o paradigma fundador se amplia rumo a uma abordagem molecular voltada ao âmbito individual. De outro, um paradigma mais holístico vem se estabelecendo, marcado pelo estudo dos sistemas alimentares e incorporação da sustentabilidade. Apreendemos, ainda, a relevância brasi.leira nesta discussão epistemológica, destacando-se a implementação pragmática da classificação NOVA e do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. A segunda foi uma pesquisa exploratória documental que objetivou identificar qual(is) paradigma(s) orientadores da ciência da Nutrição são incorporados em discursos de atores sociais chave nos sistemas alimentares brasileiros, e qual sua representação sobre o nexo alimentação-sustentabilidade. Os atores investigados foram a Associação Brasileira da Indústria de Alimentos (ABIA) e o Instituto Brasileiro de Defesa do Consumidor (Idec), e foi utilizada como técnica central para análise do discurso a modelagem de tópicos, com auxílio do software T-LAB. Mais uma vez, a disputa se fez presente, uma vez que a narrativa da ABIA foi marcada pela relevância do processamento de alimentos para a promoção da segurança alimentar, e pela composição nutricional como métrica da qualidade dos alimentos, em associação ao não reconhecimento da classificação NOVA. Isso demonstra forte apego ao paradigma reducionista, ao qual também está alinhada sua representação superficial do nexo alimentação-sustentabilidade. A narrativa do Idec, por sua vez, foi marcada pela classificação NOVA e pelos preceitos do Guia Alimentar, indicativos da incorporação de um paradigma ampliado, alinhado também com sua representação mais robusta do nexo alimentação-sustentabilidade. A apropriação de um paradigma científico mais adequado aos desafios do Antropoceno fortalece a transformação necessária aos sistemas alimentares rumo à sustentabilidade e promoção da saúde planetária, enquanto a resistência à ampliação paradigmática é um importante empecilho ideológico e cronológico, num cenário em que já não nos resta mais tempo.

The unsustainability of the Anthropocene highlights the impossibility of continuing to dissociate human beings from nature, a hallmark of the hegemonic logic of knowledge production. As a central element of this era, food systems, rooted in political and economic power struggles, have numerous negative environmental and social externalities, including the paradoxical failure to guarantee food and nutritional security for humanity. However, as a result of that logic, Nutrition Science has developed on insufficient foundations to deal assertively with such complex issues. Aware of the need to transform scientific systems of thought and food systems in order to meet the challenges of the Anthropocene, our aim was to understand the evolution and current state of the scientific bases incorporated into the discourses of key social actors in Brazilian food systems. To this end, two studies were carried out. The first was a systematic literature review that used Artificial Intelligence tools for bibliometric analysis (bibliometrix R-package), seeking to identify how the guiding paradigms of the science of Nutrition are characterized today, as well as investigating the possible incorporation of sustainability as a theme. We identified a field of disputes in which the paradigms evolve according to an organization in spheres, with no paradigmatic overcoming, but rather a movement of expansion in opposite directions. On the one hand, the founding paradigm expands towards a molecular approach focused on the individual. On the other, a more holistic paradigm is being established, marked by the study of food systems and the incorporation of sustainability. We also identified Brazil's relevance in this epistemological discussion, highlighting the pragmatic implementation of the NOVA classification and the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. The second research was an exploratory documentary analysis that aimed to identify which paradigm(s) guiding the science of nutrition are incorporated into the discourses of key social actors in Brazilian food systems, and what is their representation of the food-sustainability nexus. The actors investigated were the Brazilian Food Industry Association (ABIA) and the Brazilian Consumer Protection Institute (Idec), and topic modeling was used as the central technique for discourse analysis, with the aid of T-LAB software. Once again, the dispute was present, since ABIA's narrative was marked by the relevance of food processing for promoting food security, and by nutritional composition as a metric of food quality, in association with to the non-recognition of the NOVA classification. This shows a strong attachment to the reductionist paradigm, to which its superficial representation of the food-sustainability nexus is also aligned. Idec's narrative, on the other hand, was marked by the NOVA classification and the precepts of the Dietary Guidelines, indicative of the incorporation of an expanded paradigm, also aligned with its more robust representation of the food-sustainability nexus. The appropriation of a scientific paradigm more suited to the challenges of the Anthropocene strengthens the necessary transformation of food systems towards sustainability and the promotion of planetary health, while resistance to paradigmatic expansion is an important ideological and chronological obstacle, in a scenario where we have no time left.

A nutrição no transtorno do espectro autista: benefícios de intervenções dietéticas na infância / Nutrition in autism spectrum disorder benefits of dietary interventions in childhood / Nutrición en el trastorno del espectro autista: beneficios de las intervenciones dietéticas en la infância

Objetivo: Conduzir uma revisão de literatura com foco na busca de intervenções nutricionais em pacientes pediátricos que apresentam transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). Método: Tratase de uma revisão narrativa realizada entre dezembro de 2022 a janeiro de 2023 nas bases de dados eletrônicas: nas bases de dados MEDLINE, SCIENCE DIRECT, PUBMED, SCIELO, LILACS e Google Acadêmico por meio dos descritores de assunto: transtorno do espectro autista, TEA, autismo, nutrição, terapia nutricional, pediatria, criança, adolescente. Resultados: O uso de dietas contendo nutrientes específicos, além da utilização de suplementos nutricionais, como vitaminas, minerais, ácidos graxos ômega-3 são abordados de forma fornecer evidências atualizadas sobre sua utilização. Conclusão: o uso de intervenções nutricionais pode melhorar algumas questões observadas em pacientes pediátricos com TEA e propiciar uma vida com maior qualidade, garantindo que as necessidades nutricionais da criança sejam atingidas para a promoção do crescimento e desenvolvimento.

Objective: To conduct a literature review focusing on the search for nutritional interventions in pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method: This is a narrative review conducted between December 2022 and January 2023 in the electronic databases: in the databases MEDLINE, SCIENCE DIRECT, PUBMED, SCIELO, LILACS and Google Scholar through the subject descriptors: autism spectrum disorder, ASD, autism, nutrition, nutritional therapy, pediatrics, child, adolescent. Results: The use of diets containing specific nutrients, in addition to the use of nutritional supplements such as vitamins, minerals, omega-3 fatty acids are addressed in order to provide updated evidence on their use. Conclusion: the use of nutritional interventions can improve some issues observed in pediatric patients with ASD and provide a higher quality of life, ensuring that the nutritional needs of the child are met to promote growth and development.

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica centrada en la búsqueda de intervenciones nutricionales en pacientes pediátricos con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Método: Se trata de una revisión narrativa realizada entre diciembre de 2022 y enero de 2023 en las bases de datos electrónicas: en las bases de datos MEDLINE, SCIENCE DIRECT, PUBMED, SCIELO, LILACS y Google Scholar a través de los descriptores temáticos: trastorno del espectro autista, TEA, autismo, nutrición, terapia nutricional, pediatría, niño, adolescente. Resultados: Se aborda el uso de dietas que contienen nutrientes específicos, además del uso de suplementos nutricionales como vitaminas, minerales, ácidos grasos omega-3 con el fin de proporcionar evidencia actualizada sobre su uso. Conclusión: el uso de intervenciones nutricionales puede mejorar algunos problemas observados en pacientes pediátricos con TEA y proporcionar una mayor calidad de vida, asegurando que se satisfagan las necesidades nutricionales del niño para promover el crecimiento y el desarrollo.

Suplementação de glutamina na recuperação da flora intestinal / Glutamine supplementation in gut flora recovery / La suplementación con glutamina en la recuperación de la flora intestinal

Objetivo: evidenciar através de uma revisão integrativa os resultados clínicos atuais da suplementação de glutamina na melhora da saúde intestinal, através de sintomas e exames bioquímicos. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada no período de setembro de de 2021 nas bases de dados Pubmed e Scielo. Resultados: Foi realizado uma busca pelos descritores em saúde determinados e foram selecionadas 08 produções cientificas que atenderam os critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: Sugere-se novas pesquisas que elucidem as dosagens, efeitos colaterais e respostas terapêuticas da glutamina sobre parâmetros de saúde intestinal.

Objective: to evidence through an integrative review the current clinical results of glutamine supplementation in the improvement of intestinal health, through symptoms and biochemical tests. Method: Integrative review of the literature conducted in the period of September 2021 in the Pubmed and Scielo databases. Results: A search was performed for the defined health descriptors and 08 scientific productions were selected that met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Further research is suggested to elucidate the dosages, side effects and therapeutic responses of glutamine on intestinal health parameters.

Objetivo: evidenciar a través de una revisión integradora los resultados clínicos actuales de la suplementación con glutamina en la mejora de la salud intestinal, a través de síntomas y pruebas bioquímicas. Método: Revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en el periodo de septiembre de 2021 en las bases de datos Pubmed y Scielo. Resultados: Se realizó una búsqueda de los descriptores de salud definidos y se seleccionaron 08 producciones científicas que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Conclusión: Se sugiere investigación adicional para dilucidar las dosis, los efectos secundarios y las respuestas terapéuticas de la glutamina en los parámetros de salud intestinal.

Position statement of the Polish Academy of Sciences Committee Human Nutrition Science on the principles for the nutrition of children aged 1-3 years.

The Position Statement on the principles of nutrition for children aged 1-3 years emphasizes that proper nutrition of children at this age determines their optimal psychometric development and has beneficial effects on the process nutritional programming, which reduces the risk of diet-related diseases in adulthood. Continued breastfeeding in the post-infancy period, together with the proper introduction of complementary foods, supplies all the nutritional needs of the child. A varied selection of food products is important to balance out the diet of a child in the context of energy and nutrient needs. Attention should be paid to products not recommended for frequent consumption, due to the possibility of the early development of improper eating habits that can lead to undesirable health consequences. Due to the potential risk of deficiency, adequate intake of iron, iodine, calcium and vitamin D, as well as of n-3 PUFAs (which is often insufficient) should be provided. Adequate dietary energy and protein intake protects children against protein-energy undernutrition and is crucial for their proper growth and development. An important element in the assessment of the development of children involves monitoring their nutritional status and physical development by systematically measuring their body weight and length/height and analyzing their weight gain. It is necessary to diagnose the causes of being underweight/overweight in children. Physical activity (such as outdoor walks, plays, and games) and healthy sleep hygiene are recommended. Physical activity, an adequate number of hours of sleep, and the quality of sleep in early childhood may improve immunity, reduce the risk of excessive weight gain, and consequently reduce the risk of obesity later in life. Other issues discussed include the functioning of the digestive system as one of the determinants of the nutrition of young children, basics of proper nutrition, risk of nutrient deficiencies and development of proper eating habits in early childhood.

Review of Dietary Recommendations for Twin Pregnancy: Does Nutrition Science Keep Up with the Growing Incidence of Multiple Gestations?

Recommendations for nutrition and the use of dietary supplements for pregnant women are updated on regular basis but it remains to be seen to what extent they may be applicable in twin pregnancies. The aim of this narrative review is to present the current state of knowledge about the energy and nutrient demand in twin pregnancy. There is general consensus in literature that the energy demand is higher than in a singleton pregnancy, but there is a lack of position statements from scientific societies on specific energy intake that is required. In turn, recommended maternal weight gain, which favors the normal weight of the neonate, has been determined. There is even a larger knowledge gap when it comes to vitamins and minerals, the body stores of which are theoretically used up faster. The greatest number of studies so far focused on vitamin D, and most of them concluded that its concentration in maternal blood is lower in twin as compared to singleton pregnancy. Few randomized studies focus on iron supplementation and there are no other studies that would assess dietary interventions. In light of a growing incidence of multiple pregnancies, more studies are necessary to establish the nutritional demands of the mother and the course of action for adequate supplementation.

Maternal micronutrient status as a risk factor for perinatal mortality in a Tanzanian randomized controlled trial

The objective of this study was to determine if maternal micronutrient status (specifically iron) during pregnancy is a risk factor for perinatal mortality among women in Tanzania. Secondary analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled vitamin A supplementation trial conducted between August 2010-March 2013 was used to assess iron intake among women who experienced a stillbirth or early neonatal death. The mean dietary iron intake (measured using a quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire) for this population was 12.64 mg/day (SD = 6.32). There were 206 cases of perinatal mortality. Three classifications of dietary iron intake were devised and risk ratios were calculated using the Log Binomial Regression Model: <18 mg/day (RR: 2.13), 18-27 mg/day (RR: 2.63), & >27 mg/day (the reference group to which the first two classification groups were compared).There was neither a significant relationship found among women who consumed iron levels <18 mg/day or between 18-27 mg/day of iron compared to women who consumed more than 27 mg/day of iron, but on average there was twice the risk for perinatalmortality. The current study is consistent with previous literature findings and supports the need for more efficacious nutrition strategies. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[7]: 38-48).

Effect of Nutrition Education in NAFLD Patients Undergoing Simultaneous Hyperlipidemia Pharmacotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have a high prevalence of combined hyperlipidemia. The importance of nutritional education is well-known in NAFLD, but the impact of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is unclear in patients with NAFLD with hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of MNT on the improvement of steatohepatitis in patients with NAFLD taking antihyperlipidemic medications. METHODS: Nondiabetic patients with dyslipidemia were prospectively randomized (1:1) either to the MNT group or the control group with standard advice for 48 weeks with simultaneous statin/ezetimibe combination pharmacotherapy at three tertiary centers in Korea. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients were enrolled. Among them, 18 patients dropped out and, overall, 48 patients (MNT group 27, control group 21) were prospectively analyzed in the study. The serum ALT level at 48 weeks between the two groups was not significantly different (66.6 ± 37.7 IU/L vs. 57.4 ± 36.7 IU/L, p = 0.40). Serum liver enzymes, controlled attenuation parameter and fibrosis-4 index were significantly improved within the MNT group after 48 weeks compared to baseline. There was no significant difference between the two groups other than the NAFLD fibrosis score (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Although there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of steatosis, metabolic and fibrosis surrogate indicators after 48 weeks, MNT groups showed significant improvement within patient analysis over time. Future studies with a larger number of subjects and a longer study period regarding the effect of MNT are warranted.

Enjoy Carefully: The Multifaceted Role of Vitamin E in Neuro-Nutrition.

Vitamin E is often associated with health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering effects. These properties make its supplementation a suitable therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative disorders, for example, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. However, trials evaluating the effects of vitamin E supplementation are inconsistent. In randomized controlled trials, the observed associations often cannot be substantiated. This could be due to the wide variety of study designs regarding the dosage and duration of vitamin E supplementation. Furthermore, genetic variants can influence vitamin E uptake and/or metabolism, thereby distorting its overall effect. Recent studies also show adverse effects of vitamin E supplementation regarding Alzheimer's disease due to the increased synthesis of amyloid ß. These diverse effects may underline the inhomogeneous outcomes associated with its supplementation and argue for a more thoughtful usage of vitamin E. Specifically, the genetic and nutritional profile should be taken into consideration to identify suitable candidates who will benefit from supplementation. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge of vitamin E supplementation in neurodegenerative disease and give an outlook on individualized, sustainable neuro-nutrition, with a focus on vitamin E supplementation.