Efficacy and Safety of Ferrous Bisglycinate and Folinic Acid in the Control of Iron Deficiency in Pregnant Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Iron deficiency in pregnancy is a major public health problem that causes maternal complications. The objective of this randomized, controlled trial was to examine the bioavailability, efficacy, and safety of oral ferrous bisglycinate plus folinic acid supplementation in pregnant women with iron deficiency. Subjects (12−16 weeks of gestation, n = 120) were randomly allocated to receive oral iron as ferrous bisglycinate (equiv. iron 24 mg) in supplement form with folinic acid and multivitamins (test group, n = 60) or as ferrous fumarate (equiv. iron 66 mg iron, control group, n = 60) after breakfast daily. Iron absorption was assessed by measuring fasted serum iron levels at 1 and 2 h immediately after supplementation. Hematological biomarkers and iron status were assessed before intervention, and at 3 and 6 months. Side effects were monitored throughout the intervention. A significant increase in serum iron was seen in both groups (p < 0.001) during the bioavailability assessment; however, the test group increases were comparatively higher than the control values at each timepoint (p < 0.001). Similarly, both test and control groups demonstrated a statistically significant increases in hemoglobin (Hb) (p < 0.001), erythrocytes (p < 0.001), reticulocytes (p < 0.001), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p < 0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (p < 0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p < 0.001), % transferrin saturation (p < 0.001), and ferritin (p < 0.001) at 3 and 6 months after supplementation. However, in all cases, the test group increases were numerically larger than the control group increases at each timepoint. The test intervention was also associated with significantly fewer reports of nausea, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, or metallic taste (p < 0.001). In conclusion, ferrous bisglycinate with folinic acid as a multivitamin nutraceutical format is comparable to standard ferrous fumarate for the clinical management of iron deficiency during pregnancy, with comparatively better absorption, tolerability, and efficacy and with a lower elemental iron dosage.

Early iron supplementation and iron sufficiency at one month of age in NICU patients at-risk for iron deficiency.

In order to reduce iron deficiency in neonates at-risk for iron deficiency, we implemented a guideline to increase the consistency of early iron supplementation in infants of diabetic mothers, small for gestational age neonates and very low birthweight premature neonates. Three years following implementation we performed a retrospective analysis in order to assess adherence to the guideline and to compare timing of early iron supplementation and reticulocyte-hemoglobin (RET-He) values at one month of life in at-risk infants. Adherence with early iron supplementation guidelines was 73.4% (399/543) with 51% (275/543) having RET-He values obtained at one month. Despite good adherence, 16% (44/275) had RET-He <25 pg (5th percentile for gestational age). No infants receiving red blood cell transfusion (0/20) had RET-He <25 pg vs. 26.1% (40/153) of those treated with darbepoetin (p < 0.001). There was no evidence of increased feeding intolerance (episodes of emesis/day) with early iron supplementation.

Estado nutricional con respecto al hierro en adultos del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires / Iron nutritional status in a young adult group living at greater Buenos Aires

Se evaluó el estado nutricional con respecto al Hierro (Fe) en un grupo de adultos jóvenes de Buenos Aires. En 32 mujeres y 33 varones, clínicamente sanos, edad promedio 27,3 ñ 3,3 y 29,3 ñ 6,7 años respectivamente, se determinó: en sangre entera: Hematocrito (Hto) (micro método estándar); Hemaglobina (Hb) (método de cianometahemoglobina); Protoporfirina Eritrocitaria Libre (PE) (según Piomelli); en suero, Ferritina (FS) (Enzymun-Test Ferritina, Boehringer, Lab.). Los resultados promedio ñ SD, y los rangos fueron, para mujeres y varones, respectivamente: Hto (por ciento): 38,5 ñ 2,4 (33-43,5), 45,2 ñ 2,4 (41,0-52,5); Hb (g/L): 138 ñ 11 (120-157), 163 ñ 10 (135-190); PE (Ag/dL de glóbulos rojos): 24 ñ 13 (6-50), 39 ñ 13 (7-71); FS (Ag/L): 66 ñ 47 (11-196), 195 ñ 102 (34-435), p < 0,01. El 9,4 por ciento de la población femenina presentó depleción de los depósitos (FS < 12 Ag/L). El 15 por ciento de varones presentó FS > 300 Ag/L, indicando un exceso de Fe de depósito. El análisis conjunto de los indicadores utilizados mostró que no existió ningún caso con valores anormales en más de un indicador. Estos resultados evidencian que, aun en poblaciones de características sociales similares, existe una notable diferencia en los depósitos de Fe, según el sexo. Por lo tanto, puede resultar beneficioso aconsejar el consumo de alimentos fortificados o suplementos de Fe en los grupos más vulnerables. Sin embargo, alertan acerca del peligro de sobrecarga que puede entrañar su consumo excesivo e indiscrimado en otros casos, si no se tienen en cuenta las características de la dieta y el estado nutricional (AU)

Assessment of the iron status of the Grenadian population

Reports on the findings of a survey into the iron status of the population of Grenada which was undertaken for the purpose of quantifying the national prevalence rate, identifying the vulnerable groups, clarifying the major aetiological factors and guiding decisions relating to intervention programmes. Previous studies and health statistics over the years had demonstrated that anaemia is a serious public health problem in Grenada. This survey was done with a stratified sample of 400 hundred households representing major population divisions identified in the 1980-1981 population census. The survey confirmed that anaemia is indeed prevalent in all age and sex groups in Grenada, with unacceptably high levels being recorded in the vulnerable groups. i.e. pre-school children and women in the childbearing age. Suggests that further study is needed to fully understand the types of anaemia existing in Grenada. Recommends that the introduction of screening for anaemia of pre-school children attending child welfare clinics and supplementation given as necessary and that a nutrition education programme dealing specifically with the problem of anaemia be developed