The combined orthodontic and restorative treatment for patients with malocclusion and dentition defects: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: To explore the effects of a combined orthodontic and restorative approach on chewing, swallowing, and language function in patients with malocclusion and dental defects. METHODS: A total of 112 patients with malocclusion and dentition defects admitted to the Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2019 to June 2022 were prospectively selected. The patients were divided into study and control groups using a simple random number table method, with 56 patients in each group. The control group received routine restoration, whereas the study group received a combination of orthodontic and restorative treatments. The chewing function, swallowing and language function, and gingival periodontal condition before and after treatment in both groups were compared using t-test or Wilcoxon test, while treatment satisfaction were compared using chi-square test or Fisher exact test. RESULTS: After treatment, maximum area frame bite force/max movie force in both groups increased compared to before treatment, while occlusion time, bite force distrbution balance, and standard deviation hue decreased compared to before treatment. Moreover, maximum area frame bite force/max movie force in the study group was higher than that in the control group, whereas occlusion time, bite force distrbution balance, and standard deviation hue were lower than those in the control group (P < .05). The swallowing and language function scores of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P < .05). After treatment, the bleeding index, plaque index, and probing depth of both groups decreased compared to before treatment, and the study group was lower than the control group (P < .05). The treatment satisfaction of the study group (94.64%) was higher than that of the control group (82.14%) (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Adopting a combined orthodontic and restorative approach to intervene in patients with malocclusion and dentition defects is beneficial for improving their periodontal condition, effectively restoring chewing, swallowing, and language functions, and achieving high patient satisfaction.

Effectiveness of creating digital twins with different digital dentition models and cone-beam computed tomography.

Distortion of dentition may occur in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans due to artifacts, and further imaging is frequently required to produce digital twins. The use of a plaster model is common; however, it has certain drawbacks. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of different digital dentition models over that of plaster casts. Plaster models, alginate impressions, intraoral scan (IOS) images, and CBCT images of 20 patients were obtained. The desktop model scanner was used to scan the alginate impression twice, five minutes and two hours after impression-making. Using an IOS, the full arch was scanned in segments using CS 3600 and simultaneously with i700 wireless. The digital twins obtained from the alginate impression and IOS were superimposed with those obtained from the plaster cast. The differences and distances at each reference point were measured. Scans of alginate impressions after two hours showed the greatest discrepancies, but these were all less than the CBCT voxel size of 0.39 mm. Alginate impression scans and IOS are suitable supplements to CBCT compared to the plaster model. Accuracy can be improved by scanning the alginate impression within five minutes or by intraoral scanning of the entire arch with segmentation.

Taking a big bite: Working together to better understand the evolution of feeding in primates.

The study of adaptation requires the integration of an array of different types of data. A single individual can find such integration daunting, if not impossible. In an effort to clarify the role of diet in the evolution of the primate craniofacial and dental apparatus, we assembled a team of researchers that have various types and degrees of expertise. This interaction has provided a range of insights for all contributors, and this has helped to refine questions, clarify the possibilities and limitations that laboratory and field settings offer, and further explore the ways in which laboratory and field data can be suitably integrated. A complete and accurate picture of dietary adaptation cannot be gained in isolation. Collaboration provides the bridge to a more holistic view of primate biology and evolution.

[Influence of feeding patterns on the development of teeth, dentition and jaw in children].

Breastfeeding has been recognized as the most natural and nutritious way of feeding babies. Besides the nutritional, immunological and emotional benefits, breastfeeding promotes a healthy stomatognathic system. First of all, the nutrients and minerals in maternal milk are easy to be absorbed by the infants, which contributes to the mineralization of the teeth, and suppress the propagation of bacteria on the teeth. Though the jury is still out on whether breastfeeding can prevent Early Childhood Caries (ECC), it is definite that we should pay attention to feeding at night and the oral hygiene of the babies. Secondly, the method of feeding is closely bound up with the development of dentition and jaw. Breast- and bottle-feeding involve different orofacial muscles, which possibly have different effects on the harmonic growth of maxilla and dental arches. Meanwhile, breathing, swallowing and mastication should be developing in harmony, and differences exist in the learning of the coordinated movement between breast feeding and bottle feeding children. Bottle feeding had been proved to be closely related with the non-nutritive sucking habits which can cause malocclusion. At last, it should be pointed out that breast feeding should be the only feeding source in the first 6 months of life, then supplementary foods should be added. And prolonged bottle feeding should be avoided. We can see that breast feeding is definitely good for the infants, but the reality is not optimistic in our country.

Prevalencia de pigmentaciones exógenas en dentición primaria por ingesta de suplementos férricos en los municipios de: Guaymango, Citalá y Guacotecti / Prevalence of exogenous pigmentation in primary dentition due to the intake of iron supplements in the municipalities of: Guaymango, Citalá and Guacotecti

En este estudio se determinó la prevalencia de pigmentaciones negras asociadas a la ingesta de suplementos de hierro en la dentición primaria, se identificó los dientes más afectados, el tiempo de consumo y dosis del suplemento férrico y se relacionó la presencia de pigmentación con la dosis y la higiene oral. Se seleccionaron 3 Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar (UCSF)) de los municipios de Citalá, Guaymango y Guacotecti. La población de estudio corresponde a 436 niños en edades de 3 a 5 años 11 meses, que asisten a la consulta médica y odontológica que consumen suplementos férricos. La muestra total quedo dividida para cada municipio, de acuerdo a parámetros que cada Plan Operativo Anual (POA) establece en las UCSF. El procedimiento fue basado en la técnica del muestreo estratificado con afijación proporcional. El diseño de la investigación corresponde a un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, se utilizó una guía de observación en la cual se registró el diagnóstico de presencia de pigmentaciones exógenas con el respectivo código de la clasificación de Shourie y la cédula de entrevista para la recolección de datos en el periodo de Abril a Junio 2015. Se utilizó el programa SPSS para procesar datos obtenidos en el paso de instrumentos, y Microsoft Excel para la realización de gráficos. La prevalencia de pigmentación negra asociada a la ingesta de suplemento férrico es del 6%. Presentándose la mayoría de casos en el municipio de Guaymango.

This study determined the prevalence of black pigmentations associated to the intake of iron supplements in primary dentition. There was identification of most affected teeth, time of consumption and dose of iron suplement. The presence of pigmentation was related to dosage and oral hygiene. Three Family Health Community Units (UCSF) were selected from the municipalities of Citala, Guaymango and Guacotecti. The study population consisted of 436 children from 3 to 5 years old 11 months who attend medical and odontological consultation who take in iron supplements. The total sample was divided for each municipality according to parameters that each Annual Operating Plan (POA) establishes at UCSF's. The procedure was based on the stratified sampling technique with proportional allocation. The research design corresponds to a descriptive observational study with transversal cut. An observation guide was used, on which there was registration of the diagnosis of presence of exogenous pigmentations with the respective code of Shourie classification and the interview card for the collection of data from April to June, 2015. The SPSS program was used to process data obtained during the administration of instruments and Microsoft Excel for the elaboration of graphs. The prevalence of black pigmentation associated to the intake of iron supplement is 6%, having the majority of cases in the municipality of Guaymango.

Mandibular inferior cortex erosion as a sign of elevated total serum calcium in elderly people: a 9-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVES: The mandibular inferior cortex (MIC) classification that was determined by observing the mandible distally from the mental foramen in panoramic radiography can be considered to reflect bone loss in the jaws. The purpose of this 9-year study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between MIC condition and total serum calcium (TSC) in elderly Japanese people. METHODS: A total of 280 subjects aged 70 years at baseline (137 males and 143 females) took part in this longitudinal study design. TSC and dental panoramic radiographs were carried out at the baseline in 1998 and the final year in 2007. RESULTS: The results of the MIC measurement were divided into two groups according to changes in MIC after the 9-year study period, namely no change group and change group. A significant relationship was found in females but not in males between the MIC condition and the TSC. The regression showed that female subjects are 3.26 times more likely to have increased erosion of the inferior border of the mandible than male subjects after the 9-year study period. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that an increase in erosion of the inferior border of the mandible was significantly associated with an elevated TSC after 9 years and only in females.

Associations between posterior functional contacts and nutrient intakes and serum nutrient values among adults in NHANES 2003-2004.

PURPOSE: To examine the associations between the numbers of posterior functional contacts (FCs) and selected nutrient intakes and serum/plasma nutrient values in 3,554 adults 25 years of age and older from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). MATERIALS AND METHODS: FCs consist of the number of zones of contact between the maxillary and opposing mandibular posterior teeth when the maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth are together. There were 16 possible zones of contact. Nutrient intakes were calculated from one 24-h dietary recall and selected nutritional biochemistries were measured. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the association between the numbers of FCs and nutrient intakes or serum/plasma nutrient values, controlling for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: Males with 6 or more FCs had higher vitamin A (P < 0.05), C (P < 0.05), E (P < 0.01) and B-6 intakes (P < 0.05) than those with 5 or fewer FCs. Females with 6 or more FCs had higher dietary ber (P < 0.05), vitamin E (P < 0.05) and folate intakes (P < 0.05) than those with 5 or fewer FCs. Males and females with 6 or more FCs had higher serum ß-carotene than those with 5 or fewer FCs (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Males with 6 or more FCs had higher serum folate levels than those with 5 or fewer FCs (P < 0.01), and females with 6 or more FCs had higher serum vitamin C levels than those with 5 or fewer FCs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Dietary intakes and serum levels of certain nutrients differ by the number of FCs present.

Relationship between prosthodontic status and nutritional intake in the elderly in Korea: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES IV).

OBJECTIVES: Many health issues have been reported to be associated with poor nutritional status. We sought to examine the association between nutritional intake and oral health status in elderly people. METHODS: The association between perceived disability in mastication and prosthodontic status was analysed using multiple logistic regression. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the association between prosthodontic status and nutritional intake. RESULTS: The elderly subjects with partial or full dentures reported chewing difficulties 1.62-fold more frequently (95% CI: 1.06-2.49) than those with natural teeth or a fixed prosthesis after adjusting for gender, TMD (temporomandibular disorder), household income and education level. Additionally, daily nutritional intakes of energy, protein, fat, ash, calcium, phosphorus and thiamine were decreased significantly in elderly with partial or full dentures compared with those with no prosthesis or with a fixed prosthesis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underline oral health status and perceived disability in mastication are associated with dietary imbalances in the elderly. We suggest that the evaluation of patients' nutritional status should be considered as a part of an overall plan for dental hygiene care.

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on quality of life in maxillofacial patients with type III osteoradionecrosis.

PURPOSE: Over a 4-year period, 18 patients with type III osteoradionecrosis that developed an average of 55 months after radiotherapy treatment for head and neck cancers were referred for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO(2)). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants completed a questionnaire battery before and after HBO(2), including the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Core 30, the EORTC Head and Neck 35, and the Medical Outcomes Short Form 36. RESULTS: The EORTC Core 30 questionnaire indicated significant improvements in "emotional functioning" and "insomnia" (P ≤ .01 and P ≤ .01). An improvement also was found in the "social eating" (P ≤ .01) and "teeth" (P ≤ .01) domains of the EORTC Head and Neck 35 questionnaire. These beneficial outcomes might be explained in part by the social environment of being in a specific treatment group with similar patients. However, the Medical Outcomes Short Form 36 indicated a significant decrease in "social functioning" (P ≤ .01). The patient group in this study did not undergo any surgical intervention between the 2 time points and no other interventions could be connected with the improvements, particularly in relation to "teeth." In addition, clinical follow-up confirmed the stabilization of the patients' clinical conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study support the hypothesis that HBO(2) has positive physiologic and psychological effects on some factors for this patient group.

The earliest evidence for anatomically modern humans in northwestern Europe.

The earliest anatomically modern humans in Europe are thought to have appeared around 43,000-42,000 calendar years before present (43-42 kyr cal BP), by association with Aurignacian sites and lithic assemblages assumed to have been made by modern humans rather than by Neanderthals. However, the actual physical evidence for modern humans is extremely rare, and direct dates reach no farther back than about 41-39 kyr cal BP, leaving a gap. Here we show, using stratigraphic, chronological and archaeological data, that a fragment of human maxilla from the Kent's Cavern site, UK, dates to the earlier period. The maxilla (KC4), which was excavated in 1927, was initially diagnosed as Upper Palaeolithic modern human. In 1989, it was directly radiocarbon dated by accelerator mass spectrometry to 36.4-34.7 kyr cal BP. Using a Bayesian analysis of new ultrafiltered bone collagen dates in an ordered stratigraphic sequence at the site, we show that this date is a considerable underestimate. Instead, KC4 dates to 44.2-41.5 kyr cal BP. This makes it older than any other equivalently dated modern human specimen and directly contemporary with the latest European Neanderthals, thus making its taxonomic attribution crucial. We also show that in 13 dental traits KC4 possesses modern human rather than Neanderthal characteristics; three other traits show Neanderthal affinities and a further seven are ambiguous. KC4 therefore represents the oldest known anatomically modern human fossil in northwestern Europe, fills a key gap between the earliest dated Aurignacian remains and the earliest human skeletal remains, and demonstrates the wide and rapid dispersal of early modern humans across Europe more than 40 kyr ago.

Dental treatment needs in Dutch nursing homes offering integrated dental care.

The purpose of this study was to determine the dental treatment needs of the residents in nursing homes (NHs) where integrated dental care has been offered without financial barriers. The dental status and surgical, prosthetic, restorative, and periodontal treatment needs were determined for 432 residents (average age 78.8 years) in three Dutch NHs. Although the subjects had no complaints, 72% had dental treatment needs. It was determined that treatment was necessary for 64% of the edentulous subjects (N = 316), 100% of the partially dentate subjects (N = 76), and 87% of the fully dentate subjects (N = 40). We concluded that when residents can no longer carry out oral hygiene independently, it is very difficult for them to maintain a level of oral health where their dental treatment needs have been met, especially for dentate residents.

Morfología dental en una muestra de cráneos humanos de Pampa Grande, Argentina / Dental morphology in a sample of human skulls from Pampa Grande, Argentina

Se ha estudiado la prevalencia de 25 rasgos dentales en un grupo de cráneos adultos de aborígenes argentinos provenientes de la provincia de Salta, particularmente de la localidad llamada Pampa Grande. Se han analizando las arcadas superiores e inferiores de los mismos y la totalidad de las piezas dentales, excepto los terceros molares. El estudio se realizó sobre la dentición permanente de 66 cráneos adultos - maduros. Se establecieron las frecuencias absolutas y relativas de los rasgos estudiados.

Prevalence of 25 dental non-metric traits has been observed in a sample of 66 adult human skulls from Pampa Grande, Provincia de Salta, Argentina. All teeth from upper and lower arcades were analyzed, except the third molars. Frequency of traits observed was established.

An Early Cretaceous heterodontosaurid dinosaur with filamentous integumentary structures.

Ornithischia is one of the two major groups of dinosaurs, with heterodontosauridae as one of its major clades. Heterodontosauridae is characterized by small, gracile bodies and a problematic phylogenetic position. Recent phylogenetic work indicates that it represents the most basal group of all well-known ornithischians. Previous heterodontosaurid records are mainly from the Early Jurassic period (205-190 million years ago) of Africa. Here we report a new heterodontosaurid, Tianyulong confuciusi gen. et sp. nov., from the Early Cretaceous period (144-99 million years ago) of western Liaoning Province, China. Tianyulong extends the geographical distribution of heterodontosaurids to Asia and confirms the clade's previously questionable temporal range extension into the Early Cretaceous period. More surprisingly, Tianyulong bears long, singular and unbranched filamentous integumentary (outer skin) structures. This represents the first confirmed report, to our knowledge, of filamentous integumentary structures in an ornithischian dinosaur.

Morphological and morphometric study of the mental foramen on the M-CP-18 Jiachenjiang point / Estudio morfológico y morfométrico del foramen mental en el punto M-CP-18 Jiachenjiang

The purpose of this work was to study the morphology and morphometry of the mental foramen (MF), as well as to evaluate its morphological configuration; in addition to taking measures of its localization using as a parameter the distances of the foramen to the inferior border of the mandible and at the alveolar ridge. 80 dry mandibles were analyzed using the test of Qui-square and T test, with 5 percent of significance. Its average distance, on the right side, at the inferior edge of the mandible (IEM) was of 12.96( +/-1 .57) mm and of the alveolar ridge (AR) was of 12.82(+/-3.4) mm. On the left side it was found distant of IEM 12.96(+/-1.32) mm and of the AR 12.82(+/- 3.22)mm. The largest horizontal diameter found was of 3.32 (+/- 0.91) mm to the right and 3.25 (+/- 0.86) mm to the left side while the largest vertical diameter was of 2.38 (+/- 0.63) mm on the right and of 2.39 (+/- 0.58) mm on the left side. It was predominantly found in the oval form, on the right side, of which 98.3 percent presented as a larger diameter the horizontal (type I). On the left side, all the oval foramens were classified as of type I. 76 (95 percent) appeared single on both sides. As to the localization related to the mandibular dentition, it was localized in similar statistic proportions between the 1st and 2nd premolars and above the 2nd premolar, in 45.17 percent of the mandibles, on the right side. On the left side it was predominantly found between the 1st and 2nd premolars 48.48 percent of the mandibles. The study of the MF is of vital importance to the acupuncture practice, as well as to modern surgical procedures, like anesthesia, requiring a detailed and precise study of the morphology and morphometry of the area.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la morfología y morfometría del foramen mentoniano (FM), así como evaluar su configuración morfológica; tomar las medidas de su localization usando como parámetro la distancia del foramen hacia el borde inferior de la mandíbula y el reborde alveolar. 80 mandíbulas secas se analizaron mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado y prueba t, con un 5 por ciento de significancia. Su distancia media, en el lado derecho, hasta el borde inferior de la mandíbula (BIM) fue de 12,96 (+/- 1,57) mm y del reborde alveolar (RA) fue de 12,82 (+/- 3,4) mm. En el lado izquierdo se encuentro una distancia del BIM de 12,96 (+/- 1,32) mm y del RA de 12,82 (+/- 3,22) mm. El mayor diámetro horizontal encontrado fue de 3,32 (+/- 0,91) mm a la derecha y 3,25 (+/- 0,86) mm a la izquierda, mientras que el mayor diámetro vertical fue de 2,38 (+/- 0,63) mm a la derecha y de 2,39 (+/- 0,58) mm en el lado izquierdo. Se encuentra principalmente en forma oval en el lado derecho, de los cuales 98,3 por ciento presenta un diámetro mayor horizontal (tipo I). En el lado izquierdo, todos los forámenes ovales fueron clasificados como de tipo I. 76 (95 por ciento) aparecieron solamente en ambos lados. En cuanto a la localization en relación con la dentición mandibular, fue localizado en la misma proporción estadística entre el 1er y 2d° premolar y por encima del 2ª premolar en el 45,17 por ciento de las mandíbulas en el lado derecho. En el lado izquierdo se encuentran principalmente entre los l ros y 2ros premolares en el 48,48 por ciento de las mandíbulas. El estudio del FM, es de vital importancia para la práctica de la acupuntura, así como para los modernos procedimientos quirúrgicos, como la anestesia, que requieren un estudio detallado y preciso de la morfología y morfometría de la zona.

Italian populations during the Copper Age: assessment of biological affinities through morphological dental traits.

The Copper Age (3rd millennium BC) was characterized by considerable socioeconomic transformations and coincided with the discovery of metallurgy. In this study we reconstruct the peopling of Italy during this period on the basis of dental morphology traits. Dental remains from 41 sites throughout Italy were analyzed; only three of the sites (Laterza and two from Sicily) span from the late Copper Age to the early Bronze Age. To work with adequate samples, we pooled the collections into nine geographically and culturally homogeneous groups. Dental morphological traits were scored on 8,891 teeth from 1,302 individuals using the ASUDAS scale. The correlation between the mean measure of divergence and geographic distances (calculated as air distances) was computed. Multidimensional scaling with the minimum spanning tree and maximum-likelihood methods was applied to assess the relationships between groups. The results revealed a substantial genetic homogeneity among the populations throughout the Italian peninsula during the Copper Age with the exception of Sardinia, which tends to diverge from the continental samples. Phenetic and geographic distances correlate highly significantly only when the southern samples from Sicily and Laterza are removed from the analysis, which indicates that these groups may have experienced genetic admixture with external populations.

A Mesozoic gliding mammal from northeastern China.

Gliding flight has independently evolved many times in vertebrates. Direct evidence of gliding is rare in fossil records and is unknown in mammals from the Mesozoic era. Here we report a new Mesozoic mammal from Inner Mongolia, China, that represents a previously unknown group characterized by a highly specialized insectivorous dentition and a sizable patagium (flying membrane) for gliding flight. The patagium is covered with dense hair and supported by an elongated tail and limbs; the latter also bear many features adapted for arboreal life. This discovery extends the earliest record of gliding flight for mammals to at least 70 million years earlier in geological history, and demonstrates that early mammals were diverse in their locomotor strategies and lifestyles; they had experimented with an aerial habit at about the same time as, if not earlier than, when birds endeavoured to exploit the sky.

Phenotypic approaches for understanding patterns of intracemetery biological variation.

This paper reviews studies of phenotypic inheritance and microevolutionary processes in archaeological populations using data on cranial and dental phenotypic variation, often referred to as paleogenetics or biodistance analysis. The estimation of biological distances between populations, or among individuals within populations, is one component of bioarchaeological research on past populations. In this overview, five approaches that focus on morphological variation within cemeteries are summarized: kinship and cemetery structure analysis, postmarital residence analysis, sample aggregate phenotypic variability, temporal microchronology, and age-structured phenotypic variation. Previous research, theoretical justifications, and methods are outlined for each topic. Case studies are presented that illustrate these theoretical and methodological bases, as well as demonstrate the kinds of inferences possible using these approaches. Kinship and cemetery structure analysis seeks to identify the members of family groups within larger cemeteries or determine whether cemeteries were kin-structured. Analysis of sex-specific phenotypic variation allows estimation of postmarital residence practices, which is important for understanding other aspects of prehistoric social organization. Analysis of aggregate phenotypic variability can be used to infer site formation processes or cemetery catchment area. The study of temporal microchronologies can be used to evaluate provisional archaeological chronologies or study microevolutionary processes such as adaptive selection or changing patterns of gene flow. Finally, age-structured phenotypic variation can be reflective of selection processes within populations or it can be used as a measure of morbidity, growth arrest, and early mortality within past populations. Use of phenotypic data as a genotypic proxy is theoretically sound, even at small scales of analysis.

Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on eruption of rat mandibular incisor after disturbance of the enamel organ in the pulp.

To investigate the efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG (erbium,chromium:yttrium scandium gallium garnet) laser irradiation in root canal preparation and to evaluate its effect on eruption of rat incisors after disturbance of the enamel organ in the pulp, 20 canals of lower left incisor teeth were prepared by K-files followed by Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation, and 20 canals of right incisors were subjected to K-files only (control). At 1 week after irradiation, both sides of incisors erupted at the same level from the gingival margin. Histological findings showed that laser irradiation produced a slightly larger damage in the pulp than that of control. Scanning electron microscope observation revealed that laser-treated surface revealed a rough, irregular, and very clean surface; there was almost no evidence of debris or smear layer, and dentinal tubules were opened. Adequate power of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation is effective in root canal preparation without disturbance of the eruption.

Dental remains from the Grotte du Renne at Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne).

Human remains associated with the earliest Upper Paleolithic industries are sparse. What is preserved is often fragmentary, making it difficult to accurately assign them to a particular species. For some time it has been generally accepted that Neandertals were responsible for the Châtelperronian and anatomically modern humans for the early Aurignacian industries. However, the recent re-dating of several of the more-complete modern human fossils associated with the early Aurignacian (e.g., Vogelherd) has led some to question the identity of the makers and the context of these early Upper Paleolithic industries. The Grotte du Renne at Arcy-sur-Cure, France has yielded many hominin remains, from Mousterian, Châtelperronian, Aurignacian, and Gravettian layers. Previously, a child's temporal bone from the Châtelperronian Layer Xb was recognized as belonging to a Neandertal; however, most of the teeth from Châtelperronian layers VIII-X remain unpublished. We describe the dental remains from the Châtelperronian layers, place them in a comparative (Mousterian Neandertal and Upper Paleolithic modern human) context, and evaluate their taxonomic status. The teeth (n = 29) represent a minimum of six individuals aged from birth to adult. The permanent dental sample (n = 15) from the Châtelperronian layers of Arcy-sur-Cure exhibits traits (e.g., lower molar mid-trigonid crest) that occur more frequently in Neandertals than in Upper Paleolithic modern humans. Furthermore, several teeth show trait combinations, including Cusp 6/mid-trigonid crest/anterior fovea in the lower second molar, that are rare or absent in Upper Paleolithic modern humans. The deciduous teeth (n = 14) significantly increase the sample of known deciduous hominin teeth and are more similar to Mousterian Neandertals from Europe and Asia than to Upper Paleolithic modern humans. Thus, the preponderance of dental evidence from the Grotte du Renne strongly supports that Neandertals were responsible for the Châtelperronian industry at Arcy-sur-Cure.

[Mineral content of enamel, depth of biopsy, and dentition status in postmenopausal women]. / Sklad mineralny szkliwa zebów a glebokosc biopsji i stan uzebienia kobiet w wieku pomenopauzalnym.

PURPOSE: The study was designed to evaluate the relationship between the content of fluoride, magnesium and phosphorus in enamel, depth of biopsy, and dentition status in postmenopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Dentition status in 81 postmenopausal women aged 48-70 years (mean 54.98 years) was determined using the Decayed, Missing and Filled Surfaces (DMFS) index. Double-layer superimposed acid biopsies were used for sampling labial enamel of upper permanent central incisor. Biochemical analysis was performed to determine the content of fluoride, magnesium, and phosphorus. Assuming that enamel contains 37% calcium, enamel mass, layer thickness, biopsy depth and concentrations of ions in the surface and subsurface layer were calculated. Correlation analysis was done to disclose relationships between the parameters studied. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that the concentration of ions decreased with growing depth of biopsy. Decreasing depth of biopsy correlated with increasing concentration of fluorides and magnesium in surface and subsurface layer of enamel. The total depth of biopsy correlated more exactly with the concentration of fluorides and magnesium in subsurface layer than in surface layer. Increasing concentration of fluoride was associated with increasing concentration of magnesium. No correlation was observed between DMFS and the depth of enamel biopsy.