Intraoral management of odontogenic infection associated with severe trismus under local anesthesia.

Trismus is defined as a tonic contraction of the muscles of mastication. It can also refer to limited mouth opening of any cause. Trismus is a classical symptom of masticatory space infections and it can be a sign of an infection in the anterior compartment of lateral pharyngeal space. Common causes in clinical practice followed by trismus are odontogenic infection which can be periodontal or pericoronal. This article will present a clinical report on intraoral management of mandibular odontogenic infection accompanied by severe trismus under local anesthesia using modified Akinosi technique in an outpatient environment. Treatment and postoperative period were routine. This kind of approach provides access to the infection at an early stage without general anesthesia, it shortens the hospital treatment and it enables faster recovery. KEY WORDS: Local Anesthesia, Odontogenic infection, Trismus.

Current herbal medicine as an alternative treatment in dentistry: In vitro, in vivo and clinical studies.

Since the time that human population comprehended the importance of general health maintenance and the burden of disease, there has been a search for healing properties in the natural environment. Herbal medicine is the use of plants with medical properties for prevention and treatment of conditions that can affect general health. Recently, a growing interest has been observed toward the use of traditional herbal medicine alongside synthetic modern drugs. Around 80% of the population, especially in developing countries relies on it for healthcare. Oral healthcare is considered a major part of general health. According to the world health organization (WHO), oral health is considered an important part of general health and quality of life. The utilization of natural medications for the management of pathologic oro-dental conditions can be a logical alternative to pharmaceutical methods due to their availability, low costs, and lower side effects. The current literature review aimed at exploration of the variety and extent of herbal products application in oral health maintenance including different fields of oral healthcare such as dental caries, periodontal maintenance, microbial infections, oral cancers, and inflammatory conditions.

Infección odontogénica y tratamiento antimicrobiano en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados / Odontogenic infection and antimicrobial treatment in hospitalized pediatric patients

Introducción: las infecciones odontogénicas constituyen uno de los problemas más difíciles de tratamiento en odontología, debido a índices de caries y enfermedad periodontal elevados en la población. Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de las infecciones de origen odontogénico en pacientes pediátricos. Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo en pacientes que acudieron al Cuerpo de Guardia del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente "Pepe Portilla" de Pinar del Río en el período septiembre de 2018 a febrero de 2019. El universo estuvo constituido por 75 pacientes, seleccionándose 27 mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino (74 %) y el grupo de edades de 9 a 15 años (44,4 %). La localización mandibular fue la región anatómica más afectada (63 %), los dientes responsables del mayor número de casos con celulitis odontogénica fueron los primeros molares inferiores (29,6 %). La penicilina fue el antimicrobiano más empleado (33,3 %). Conclusiones: los pacientes masculinos entre 9 y 15 años son propensos a desarrollar infecciones odontológicas, principalmente en la región mandibular, causada por los primeros molares inferiores. El uso de la penicilina fue común, mostrando buena evolución del paciente

Introduction: odontogenic infections are one of the most difficult problems to treat in dentistry, due to the high rates of caries and periodontal disease in the population. Objective: to characterize the behavior of odontogenic infections in pediatric patients. Method: observational, descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study in patients who came to the dental emergency room at "Pepe Portilla" Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Pinar del Río during the period September 2018 to February 2019. The universe consisted of 75 patients, 27 of them were selected by simple sampling random. Results: male sex (74 %) and 9 to 15 age group (44,4 %) prevailed. The most affected anatomical region (63 %) was the mandibular ramus, the teeth responsible for the highest number of cases with odontogenic cellulitis were the first lower molars (29.6 %). Penicillin was the antimicrobial most used (33.3 %). Conclusions: male patients between the ages of 9 and 15 have a tendency to develop dental infections, mainly in the jaw region, caused by the first lower molars. The use of penicillin was common to treat it, showing a positive effect on the patient's evolution

A Review on Impact of Medicinal Plants on the Treatment of Oral and Dental Diseases.

Plants play a vital role in the general wellbeing of an individual. Globally plants are habitually used by the people for the treatment and prevention of various ailments. There is an increased attempt made from ancient days to prevent the disease occurrence rather than to treat it. Through the development of modern scientific procedures, it is now identified that the usage of plants in different forms promotes the health of the patient. Oral and dental hygiene is the primary factor of a human being to lead a healthy life. Poor diet, nutrition and improper hygienic practices lead to teeth and gum diseases, dental cavities and plaque etc., Use of herbal extracts and their products in day-to-day life is a promising and interesting alternative to synthetic compounds to control oral diseases. The present review summarizes the usage of medicinal plants in the treatment and prevention of oral and dental diseases in different aspects.

Mecanismo de acción de "plantas medicinales" aplicadas en lesiones estomatológicas: Revisión. Mecanismo de transferencia de energía mediante moléculas antiinflamatorias y antioxidantes absorbidas por los receptores de las membranas celulares de la mucosa oral. Hipótesis / Action's mechanism of medical plants applied on stomatological lesions: Review. Transfer mechanism of energy by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant molecules absorved by cell membranes receptors of oral mucosa. Hypotesis

Se realiza una síntesis de las características estructurales y moleculares de las membranas celulares humanas y de las paredes celulares de las plantas medicinales (CWP). El presente análisis soporta una hipótesis acerca de las relaciones existente entre ambas. El propósito es establecer el mecanismo de acción en el tratamiento local de irritaciones, quemaduras, abrasiones, pequeñas úlceras y reacciones agudas ampollares alérgicas, y enfermedad de las encías. Las proteínas de las paredes celulares de las plantas son proteínas extracelulares glicosiladas, polisacáridos, proteasas y lectinas. Acerca del 90% de las CWP son capaces de realizar funciones bioquímicas y biológicas. Su actividad antiinflamatoria ha sido investigada por varios autores como una inhibición del ácido araquidónico metabolizado por flavonoides. Investigaciones clínicas sugieren que las plantas medicinales aceleran la curación de las heridas ya que ellas aumentan la síntesis de colágeno y de proteoglicanos, promoviendo la reparación de los tejidos (AU)

Previously, a synthesis is presented about structural and molecular characteristics of human cell´s membranes and cell´s walls of medicinal plants. This analyses support an hypothesis about the relationships between both of them. The purpose is to establish the possibility of using it, as local treatment on irritations, burns, abrasions, small ulcers, acute bullous allergic reaction, gums illness and fungal infections of oral mucosa. Cell wall proteins (CWP) are glycosided proteins and polysaccharides, proteasas and lectins. They have been described as being extracellular. About 90% of CWP are capable to realize biochemical and biological functions. Anti-inflammatory activity and inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by flavonoids, isolated from medicinal plants have been studied. Clinical investigations suggest that medicinal plants accelerate wound healing because they increase collagen and proteoglycan syntesis promoting tissue repair (AU)

Phytodentistry: use of medicinal plants.

Finding healing powers in plants is an ancient idea. Herbs have been used as a traditional form of medicine since time immemorial. The natural products derived from medicinal plants have proven to be an abundant source of biologically active compounds, many of which have been the basis for the development of new chemicals for pharmaceuticals. Phytodentistry implies the use of plants and their products in the process of treating disease directly or indirectly. A crucial role is played by phytotherapy in the treatment of stomatological problems. It started with the use of miswak (chewing stick), and it is still relevant today as herbal toothpaste in many parts of the country. India is the largest producer of medicinal herbs and is appropriately called the botanical garden of the world. The use of this readily available, natural and safe resource as a part of dental practice has great potential for a more "Natural and Green Dental Practice". Plant products have long been used in dentistry as part of various dental materials right from impression materials to eugenol, which forms an integral part of the dental clinic. The use of herbs in dental practice is not limited to only material sciences. A single herb shows a variety of effects like anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal activity and many more. Hence the incorporation of these herbs in dental practice will prove to be a valuable adjunct in dental treatment. This review is aimed at exploring the perspectives of this holistic treatment approach in dentistry and its benefits as an adjunctive therapy.

Plant species used in dental diseases: ethnopharmacology aspects and antimicrobial activity evaluation.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ethnopharmacological surveys show that several plant species are used empirically by the population, in oral diseases. However, it is necessary to check the properties of these plant species. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans from plant species selected in a previous ethnopharmacology study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An ethnopharmacological survey was conducted with users of a dental clinic school services, located in Sao Luis, Maranhão, Brazil, aiming to identify plant species used in oral diseases treatment. From the ethnopharmacological survey, species were selected for in vitro antimicrobial activity evaluation against Streptococcus mutans, by agar diffusion method and determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). RESULTS: Two hundred and seventy one people participated in the research: 55.7% reported the use of plants for medicinal purposes, 29.5% of which have knowledge and/or use plants for some type of oral disease. Thirty four species belonging to 24 (twenty four) botanical families were reported, being Aloe vera L., Anacardium occidentale L., Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Chenopodium ambrosioides L. and Punica granatum L. the most cited. The most commonly reported indications were healing after tooth extraction, followed by toothache, inflammation and bleeding gums., The determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) demonstrated that Punica granatum L., Psidium guajava L. and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi showed similar activity to 0.12% chlorhexidine, used as positive control. CONCLUSION: That result is important to follow up the study of these species in the search for new anticariogenic agents originated by plants.

[Odontogenic pain syndrome: integrated approach in analgesia].

The article deals with the study of 96 patients (69 women and 27 men) with odontogenic facial pain syndrome. All patients received complex neurodentist examination with radiological assessment of maxillofacial area and additional functional methods. Patients were divided into two groups, 48 patients in each group. All patients received usual therapy; mouth cavity sanitation, selective grinding of teeth, drug therapy (anticonvulsants, B vitamins) and physiotherapy. Patients in group 2 received corporeal acupuncture. Efficacy of the therapy was assessed by changes of basic subjective and objective significatives on 10th, 30th and 60th day of treatment. Reflective anaesthesia techniques using allowed to stop the pain faster and decreased the dosage of drugs in patients of group 2.

Survey of medical ethnobotanicals for dental and oral medicine conditions and pathologies.

Ethnomedical questionnaires were distributed in Chicago, Costa Rica, and Colombia to identify the most common over-the-counter (OTC) plant or plant-based products advocated for treating oral pain, ulcerative conditions, and cancer within these locations. Over 100 plants or plant-based herbal preparations and commercial products, purchased from local botanical markets and pharmacies, were advocated for the treatment of oral medicine conditions. Locally familiar and common language names were attributed to the plant products at the time of purchase. Plant products or plant-based commercial products containing plant-based essential oils, anesthetic constituents, and or chemical compounds recommended as OTC oral medicine preparations were systematized, tabulated, and correlated with the published phytotherapeutic literature. Though pharmacognostic research is available for some of the species collected, further ethnographic research is needed to correlate common names with the accurate taxonomic identification for each plant species. Furthermore, epidemiological research is needed to verify the use and standardized dosage for OTC ethnomedicine preparations for oral medicine conditions. Pharmacognostic research and clinical trails which can verify taxonomy, dose, safety, active principles, and efficacy of these OTC oral medicine products must be enhanced in order to verify the claimed validity in contemporary, global, oral medicine practice.

[The use of nitatsid and gipozol'-N in the combined treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area]. / Primenenie nitatsida i gipozolia-N v kompleksnom lechenii ostrykh vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

Combined drugs with a hydrophilic base, nitacide and hyposol-n, were used in combined therapy of acute purulent inflammations of the maxillofacial area. Time course of clinical parameters and changes in microflora were studied in patients administered different local treatments with different inflammatory reactions. The data indicate a high efficiency of the drugs, which optimized local therapy of suppurative wounds and are recommended for wide practical use.

[Pharmaceutical preparations from plant products employed in stomatologic diseases]. / Preparate farmaceutice din produse vegetale utilizate în afectiuni stomatologice.

Two preparations for stomatological use have been introduced, obtained from vegetal extracts of Ocimum basilicum L., Tilia sp., and Symphytum officinalis L. Their stability in time was evaluated, and the microbiological activity was assessed in vitro on microbial strains involved in stomatological affections. In clinical experiments good results were obtained in parodonthopathies, in the therapy of lesions developing under prostheses, and in other affections.