RESUMO
Topical monotherapy of nail diseases such as onychomycosis and nail psoriasis has been less successful due to poor permeability of the human nail plate to topically administered drugs. Chemical enhancers are utilized to improve the drug delivery across the nail plate. Choosing the most effective chemical enhancers for the given drug and formulation is highly critical in determining the efficacy of topical therapy of nail diseases. Screening the large pool of enhancers using currently followed diffusion cell experiments would be tedious and expensive. The main objective of this study is to develop TranScreen-N, a high throughput method of screening trans-ungual drug permeation enhancers. It is a rapid microwell plate based method which involves two different treatment procedures; the simultaneous exposure treatment and the sequential exposure treatment. In the present study, several chemicals were evaluated by TranScreen-N and by diffusion studies in the Franz diffusion cell (FDC). Good agreement of in vitro drug delivery data with TranScreen-N data provided validity to the screening technique. In TranScreen-N technique, the enhancers can be grouped according to whether they need to be applied before or simultaneously with drugs (or by either procedures) to enhance the drug delivery across the nail plate. TranScreen-N technique can significantly reduce the cost and duration required to screen trans-ungual drug delivery enhancers.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Unhas/efeitos dos fármacos , Permeabilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Preparações Farmacêuticas/química , Administração Cutânea , Adulto , Idoso , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Cadáver , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Cultura em Câmaras de Difusão , Feminino , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peso Molecular , Doenças da Unha/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças da Unha/microbiologia , Unhas/metabolismo , Unhas/patologia , Naftalenos/administração & dosagem , Naftalenos/química , Naftalenos/uso terapêutico , Onicomicose/tratamento farmacológico , Onicomicose/microbiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Pele , Absorção Cutânea , Terbinafina , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Endocardite Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Idoso , Artrite/microbiologia , Infarto Encefálico/diagnóstico por imagem , Infarto Encefálico/microbiologia , Dermatoses do Pé/microbiologia , Hemorragia/microbiologia , Humanos , Doenças da Unha/microbiologia , Radiografia , Staphylococcus aureusAssuntos
Alternaria , Micoses/diagnóstico , Doenças da Unha/diagnóstico , Fitoterapia , Alternaria/isolamento & purificação , Pré-Escolar , Dedos , Humanos , Masculino , Métodos , Micoses/microbiologia , Micoses/terapia , Doenças da Unha/microbiologia , Doenças da Unha/terapia , Papaver/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Plantas MedicinaisRESUMO
A total of 40 coal miners, 35 with culturally proven mycotic infections of the feet and 5 with similarly proven infections of toenails due to Hendersonula toruloidea, Scytalidium hyalinum and dermatophytes, were treated with 1% cream of either isoconazole nitrate (Travogen) or clotrimazole (Canestan) for 4 weeks. The clinical cure rates for the isoconazole-treated group for itching, inflammation, scaling and maceration in the cases of foot infections were 89, 88, 83 and 83% respectively. For the clotrimazole-treated group, the cure rates were 76, 71, 82 and 80% respectively, for the similar symptoms. Toe web was the commonest site of infection and also most easily treated with either clotrimazole or isoconazole. The clinical and mycological cure rates 6 weeks after treatment were 80% for the isoconazole-treated group and 70% for the clotrimazole-treated group but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.01). None of the cases of toenail infection could be cured by treatment with either of the two drugs.
Assuntos
Clotrimazol/uso terapêutico , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Pé/tratamento farmacológico , Miconazol/análogos & derivados , Doenças da Unha/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Arthrodermataceae , Doenças do Pé/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Miconazol/uso terapêutico , Fungos Mitospóricos , Doenças da Unha/microbiologiaRESUMO
Ketoconazole was administered orally in daily doses of 200 mg to 70 patients with onychomycosis. Complete recovery was attained by 48 patients, improvement of > 50% by 10 patients, and for three patients therapy failed. For the remaining nine patients the results could not be evaluated. The average duration of treatment was 7.5 months for disease due to Trichophyton species and 6.5 months for disease due to Candida species. There were no adverse effects or signs of toxicity attributable to the administration of ketoconazole. It is concluded that ketoconazole is a positive development in the effort to control the difficult problems presented by onychomycosis.