Innovative Self-directed, Problem-oriented, Lifelong learning, Integrated Clinical case Exercise (SPLICE) modules promote critical thinking skills, early clinical exposure, and contextual learning among first professional-year medical students.

Medical education is undergoing various transformations to promote a more personalized and contextual way of learning. In light of this, the innovative "Self-directed, Problem-oriented, Lifelong learning, Integrated Clinical case Exercise" (SPLICE) modules were designed, implemented, and evaluated for medical students in the first professional year as a strategy for early clinical exposure in a collaborative and self-directed way of learning. This is a mixed methods study involving first-year medical students. Students were divided randomly into the control and the intervention groups. Six SPLICE modules were administered to the intervention while the control group followed the traditional curricula. The educational outcome was compared using an end-of-module assessment. In addition, 13-item and 8-item questionnaires were administered to students to evaluate the SPLICE and plenary sessions on a 5-point Likert scale. Furthermore, students' feedback was obtained on a 10-point rating scale and in in-depth small-group interviews. The majority of students perceived that the SPLICE module improved their communication and encouraged meaningful, active learning. Students found the plenary sessions to be well organized, with sufficient interaction with professionals. Students also gave excellent scores for feedback on SPLICE modules, demonstrating the effectiveness of the innovation. In terms of test scores used in assessing learning outcomes, the intervention group outperformed the control group (P < 0.0001). The innovative SPLICE curriculum facilitated early clinical exposure and active self-directed learning. Students perceived SPLICE modules to be highly helpful in terms of promoting meaningful learning and the future application of knowledge.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The very essence of this innovative "Self-directed, Problem-oriented, Lifelong learning, Integrated Clinical case Exercise" (SPLICE) curriculum is the team-based learning of integrated pre-, para-, and clinical learning objectives right from the first professional year of study serving as an early clinical exposure. This unique way of learning creates a holistic educational environment by combining both academic and professional development thereby empowering the next generation of physician leaders to take autonomy of their own learning strategies and emerge as competent lifelong learners.

Coffee and conversation: A genuine dialogue on authentic professional learning between genetic counselor educators.

Lifelong learning is a term frequently referred to in the training and continuing professional development of genetic counselors. It implies the ability to continuously engage in self-motivated reflection to identify knowledge gaps and develop a learning plan to address identified needs or interests. In contrast to this definition, the path to continuing professional development for most genetic counselors involves attendance at conferences; yet much data suggest that other forms of learning are more effective at leading to practice change and improved patient or quality outcomes. These conflicting ideas beg the question: what is professional learning? A dialogue between two genetic counselor educators, both with advanced training in health professional education, shares personal beliefs regarding lifelong learning in the genetic counseling profession. This discourse represents an authentic conversation that was audio-recorded and transcribed with minimal editing to improve clarity and readability. The views presented in this dialogue are highly personal, yet grounded in educational theory. References are provided to those that desire further reading on the topics discussed. Several authentic learning strategies are described, including communities of practice, peer supervision, and personal learning projects. The authors consider ways to increase knowledge acquisition from conference attendance and discuss how learning on the job becomes embedded in practice. As a result of this discourse, the authors hope to inspire genetic counselors to reflect over their continuing professional development and consider their job as a learning environment that presents rich, ongoing, and unique opportunities for growth. The authors invite and challenge readers to identify learning needs and set goals for themselves to address those needs. For those with interest in education, it is hoped that the conversation sparks new or invigorated interest that will lead to novel or more effective learning opportunities with improved outcomes for patients, students, and colleagues alike.

Construção e validação de tecnologia educativa sobre nutrição enteral em unidade de terapia intensiva adulto / Construcción y validación de tecnología educativa sobre nutrición enteral en unidad de cuidados intensivos / Construction and validation of educational technology on enteral nutrition in adult intensive care unit

Objetivo: construir e validar um vídeo educativo para o manejo de terapia de nutrição enteral em unidade de terapia intensiva adulto. Método: estudo quantitativo aplicado, dividido em duas etapas principais: construção do vídeo, seguindo o referencial para criação de vídeo e, validação por concordância de nove juízes. Resultados: o índice de validade de conteúdo geral do estudo foi de 0,96, porém de todos os itens analisados três apresentaram índice de 0,77 e dois de 0,88. Conclusão: o vídeo validado é relevante e cumpre o objetivo a que se destina. Adiciona-se que, por partir de um pacote de medidas previamente implementado, dificulta a aplicação em todas as realidades.

Objective: to develop and validate an educational video for the management of enteral nutrition therapy in the adult intensive care unit. Method:this is a quantitative applied study, divided into two main stages: construction of the video, following the framework of video creationand validation by agreement of nine judges. Results:the study's overall content validity index was 0.96, but of all the items analyzed, three had an index of 0.77 and two of 0.88. Conclusion:the validated video is relevant and fulfills its purpose. In addition, because it is based on a package of measures that has been previously implemented, it is difficult to apply in all situations.

Objetivo:construiry validar un vídeo educativo para el manejo de la terapia nutricional enteral en la unidad de cuidados intensivos paraadultos. Método:se trata de un estudio cuantitativo aplicado, dividido en dos etapas principales: construcción del vídeo, siguiendo el marco de construir videosy validación por acuerdo de nueve jueces. Resultados:el índice global de validez de contenido del estudio fue de 0,96, pero de todos los ítems analizados, tres tuvieron un índice de 0,77 y dos de 0,88. Conclusión:el vídeo validado es pertinente y cumple su propósito. Además, al estar basado en un paquete de medidas previamente implementado, es difícil de aplicar en todas las realidades.

Aprendizaje recorridos: educación virtual y acceso a la tecnología / Learning paths: virtual education and access to technology

El presente escrito es una recopilación de experiencias de tutores, que han recorrido diferentes rutas de aprendizaje desde sus saberes científicos y sus experiencias. Cabe señalar que las experiencias de los tutores se construyeron en diferentes cursos y con participantes de distintas latitudes del territorio nicaragüense, construyendo un mosaico de relatos que narran cómo se desarrolló esta experiencia de educación virtual con sus oportunidades y desafíos en cuanto al acceso a internet y los niveles de alfabetización digital. Al transitar por estas rutas de aprendizajes el lector encontrará una diversidad de escenarios y perspectivas diferentes y en ocasiones antagónicas, de la misma manera en que un paseo por la playa es un espacio de recreación o de sufrir insolación. Con esta mirada holística, el camino andado no pretende ser un viaje perfecto en la educación virtual, sino las lecciones y desafíos de un grupo multidisciplinar de profesionales que colaboró como tutores en el CVSP/OPS ­ nodo Nicaragua en el año 2022. El presente libro es parte de la serie Salud & Centroamérica a cuyos coordinadores agradecemos por esta tarea encomendada. Esta serie editorial se asoció con la "Red Internacional de Enseñanza e Investigación sobre Educación y Trabajo en Sistemas y Servicios de Salud (RED SALUD UNICA)", involucrando a la Universidad Católica Redemptoris Mater, la Organización Panamericana de Salud (OPS) y el núcleo centroamericano de la Associação Rede Unida. La serie Salud y Centroamérica tiene la función de compartir pensamientos, conceptos e iniciativas producidas en diferentes territorios. Es en este marco que presentamos el aprendizaje recorrido por este grupo de profesionales que comparten su experiencia en educación virtual en territorios diversos con particularidades al acceso a la tecnología y desde cuyas experiencias se construye el mosaico antes mencionados.

Continuing education with a holistic approach to the Brazilian LGBT+ population through use of the m-health App.

AIM: This article aims to discuss the development of a continuing education course for health care professionals to provide competent healthcare assistance to the Brazilian LGBT+ population and the implementation of this course using a m-Health solution. BACKGROUND: There is a scarcity of continuing education courses in the Brazilian context that update provides evidenced-informed education to ensure health care professional competence in the delivery of health care to LGBT+ individuals. METHODS: Based on Bloom's taxonomy, with a main focus on the cognitive domain, the course "Ally: A Holistic Approach to the LGBT+ Individual'' was developed in five months. This was based on the Nurse's Health Education for LGBT Seniors (HEALE), the Curriculum Implementation and Institutional Climate manual, Changes to Improve Healthcare for LGBT People, Gender Nonconforming or Born with DSD" and the National Comprehensive Health Policy for LGBT+ People, among others. RESULTS: Comprising six modules: i) human sexuality; ii) equitable care and appropriate terminology; iii) public health policy for the LGBT+ population; iv) cultural skills for health professionals; v) aging and health care for the LGBT+ population; and vi) mental health of LGBT+ people. Content validity indexing was established using an expert panel and was Ally was supported by a m-Health Solution called "Over the Rainbow'' and totals of 60 h of education. CONCLUSIONS: This m-Health solution and continuing education course for health professionals can be an opportunity to change health professionals' practice to offer more equitable health care for the LGBT+ population.

An E-Learning Program for Continuing Midwifery Education on Handling High-Risk Abuse Cases: A Pretest-Posttest Design.

It is essential to equip midwives and nurses working in the perinatal period with comprehensive knowledge and awareness regarding child abuse prevention. However, most midwives and nurses in Japan do not have the opportunity to learn about abuse prevention during their basic education. We aimed to develop an e-learning program to assist obstetric midwives and nurses in acquiring the knowledge needed to provide support and handle cases with a high risk of abuse, as well as to assess the program's usefulness. This study employed a single-group pre-post design; e-learning served as the intervention. Seventy-one obstetric midwives and nurses were recruited. The program's usefulness was the difference between the participants' pretest and post-test knowledge and efficacy scores. The score data were analyzed using the t-test. A paired t-test revealed that the post-test scores of knowledge and efficacy were significantly higher than those of the pretest, with a large effect size (d = 1.71). Platforms where basic knowledge on how to respond to high-risk abuse cases are lacking in nursing education; thus, this e-learning program is recommended for nurses working in the perinatal field throughout Japan. This educational opportunity for perinatal midwives and nurses will increase awareness and contribute to abuse prevention.

Evaluating the Knowledge Change Before and After Continuing Cancer Education in Malawian Nurses.

Malawi has a high cancer incidence and mortality. Efforts to train and educate oncology nurses have been identified as an area of need. This study evaluates the educational needs of oncology nurses in Malawi and the effects of a virtual cancer education program on improving the knowledge of cancer epidemiology, treatment, and nursing care of common cancers among oncology nurses in Malawi. The educational programs consisted of four sessions at one-month intervals focused on Cancer Screening, Survivorship, Radiation Therapy, and Complementary and Alternative Therapies. A pretest-posttest design was used. Overall, there was an increase in knowledge at each session: cancer screening (47% vs 95%), survivorship (22% vs 100%), radiation therapy (66% vs 100%), and complementary and alternative therapies (63% vs 88%). Using virtual continuing education sessions is an effective tool to enhance the knowledge of oncology nurses in Malawi. These education sessions can serve as an example of how other Schools of Nursing and cancer centers in high-resource countries can collaborate with hospitals and Schools of Nursing in low- and middle-resource countries to support the advancement of oncology nursing knowledge, and ultimately, oncologic care.

Co-Design of an Evidence-Based Practice Continuing Education Course for Canadian Naturopathic Doctors.

Objectives: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a clinical decision-making process combining the best available scientific evidence with clinician expertise and patient preference. While EBP has been associated with a range of benefits, it is recognized that EBP is used suboptimally by a range of health professionals, including naturopathic doctors (NDs). Canadian NDs have expressed a high level of interest in opportunities to improve their EBP skills; however, barriers exist, including those that apply broadly to health professionals, and those that are unique to the naturopathic profession. The objective of the present project was to co-design an EBP continuing education (CE) course tailored to the needs and preferences of Canadian NDs. Design: These needs were solicited through the use of focus groups. Groups were stratified based on participants' use of evidence at baseline. The focus groups asked NDs about their definition of EBP, and their interest in an EBP course, including preferred content, and method of delivery. The focus group discussions were transcribed, and thematic analysis was completed. Subjects: Twenty-two Canadian NDs participated. Results: Participants reported a high level of understanding of EBP, a high level of interest in participating in an EBP course and provided actionable recommendations about course content and delivery. Some of the themes that emerged were consistent across the groups while others differed by stratification. Conclusions: The findings of this project will inform the development and evaluation of a future CE course.

Evidence-informed framework for gender transformative continuing education interventions for midwives and midwifery associations.

INTRODUCTION: Continuing education for midwives is an important investment area to improve the quality of sexual and reproductive health services. Interventions must take into account and provide solutions for the systemic barriers and gender inequities faced by midwives. Our objective was to generate concepts and a theoretical framework of the range of factors and gender transformative considerations for the development of continuing education interventions for midwives. METHODS: A critical interpretive synthesis complemented by key informant interviews, focus groups, observations and document review was applied. Three electronic bibliographic databases (CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE) were searched from July 2019 to September 2020 and were again updated in June 2021. A coding structure was created to guide the synthesis across the five sources of evidence. RESULTS: A total of 4519 records were retrieved through electronic searches and 103 documents were included in the critical interpretive synthesis. Additional evidence totalled 31 key informant interviews, 5 focus groups (Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania), 24 programme documents and field observations in the form of notes. The resulting theoretical framework outlines the key considerations including gender, the role of the midwifery association, political and health systems and external forces along with key enabling elements for the design, implementation and evaluation of gender transformative continuing education interventions. CONCLUSION: Investments in gender transformative continuing education for midwives, led by midwifery associations, can lead to the improvement of midwifery across all United Nations' target areas including governance, health workforce, health system arrangements and education.

Integrating climate change into nursing curricula and continuing education: a scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Climate change constitutes a major threat to human health. Nurses have an essential role to play in protecting populations from this threat, and to fulfil this role, they must be properly prepared. The purpose of this scoping review is to examine studies on the integration of climate change into the academic curriculum or continuing education of nurses so as to identify issues and opportunities related to this integration. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The method being used is the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and Levac et al. First, a search strategy using keywords and their combinations will be developed. This strategy will be applied in four bibliographic databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science. Second, an initial selection of studies based on titles and abstracts will be carried out by two members of the research team using the software Covidence. They will conduct this selection process independently, with the aim of identifying relevant studies that meet the inclusion criteria for our scoping review. Third, the second stage in the selection process will be carried out by examining the full text of each article to determine which studies to include in the review. Finally, data on year of publication, authors, geographical area, article type, study objectives, methodology and key findings will be extracted from selected articles for analysis. A search of the grey literature will also be conducted to supplement the results of the bibliographic database search. The scoping review is currently ongoing. Identification of relevant literature began in the first quarter of 2022 and is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2023. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required for this review. The results of this study will be presented in workshops and conferences and be submitted for publication to a peer-reviewed journal.

Práticas Integrativas e Complementares na atuação dos enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde / Prácticas integradoras y complementarias en la actuación de enfermeras de atención primaria de salud / Integrative and complementary health practices in the nurses' action of primary health care

Resumo Objetivo analisar o conhecimento e o uso das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PIC) na atuação dos enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Método estudo transversal realizado em 85 Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Curitiba-PR em 2021. A amostra foi de 195 enfermeiros recrutados pela técnica Snowball. Os dados foram coletados por um instrumento eletrônico estruturado contendo 20 afirmativas com respostas tipo Likert e analisados por métodos estatísticos descritivos. Resultados 43(22,1%) dos participantes utilizam PIC na assistência, sendo que 31(15,9%) referiram ter formação em alguma modalidade. Identificou-se a utilização de 17 modalidades de PIC, sendo 33(47,8%) em auriculoterapia e sete (10,1%) em reiki. O ranking médio do item sobre o conhecimento teórico dos participantes sobre o tema foi >3,89, demonstrando concordância às afirmativas. Sobre as vivências dos participantes em relação às PIC, verificou-se o reconhecimento dessas práticas pelos enfermeiros. Conclusão o estudo contribui para a caracterização da atuação dos enfermeiros na APS, a partir das PIC. Os achados servem de subsídio para os profissionais e os gestores identificarem as lacunas no conhecimento, na atuação, bem como no gerenciamento dos serviços de saúde da APS, com o intuito de fortalecer a autonomia profissional daqueles que se utilizam dessas práticas na assistência.

Resumen Objetivo analizar el conocimiento y uso de prácticas integradoras y complementarias en el trabajo de enfermeros en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Método estudio transversal realizado en 85 Unidades Básicas de Salud de Curitiba-PR en 2021. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 195 reclutas reclutados mediante la técnica Snowball. Se confirmaron por medio de un instrumento electrónico de selección de datos y métodos por métodos electrónicos de datos descriptivos. Resultados 43 (22,1%) de los participantes utilizan prácticas integradoras y complementarias (PIC) en el cuidado, y 31 (15,9%) relataron tener formación en alguna modalidad. Se identificó el uso de 17 modalidades de PIC, 33 (47,8%) en auriculoterapia y 7 (10,1%) en reiki. El ítem del Ranking sobre el conocimiento teórico de los participantes promedio sobre el tema fue >3,89, demostrando concordancia con los enunciados. Sobre cómo los participantes experimentan el PIC, debido al reconocimiento de las prácticas de enfermería. Conclusión el estudio contribuye para la caracterización de la actuación de los enfermeros en la atención primaria a partir de prácticas integradoras y complementarias. Los hallazgos sirven de subsidio para que los profesionales y gestores identifiquen lagunas en el conocimiento, en la acción, así como en la gestión de los servicios de salud de la atención básica para fortalecer la autonomía profesional de quien utiliza esas prácticas en el cuidado.

Abstract Objective to analyze the knowledge and use of integrative and complementary practices in the work of nurses in Primary Health Care. Method a cross-sectional study carried out in 85 Basic Health Units in Curitiba-PR in 2021. The sample consisted of 195 recruits recruited using the Snowball technique. The were confirmed by means of an electronic data selection instrument and methods by electronic descriptive data methods. Results 43 (22.1%) of the participants use integrative and complementary practices (PIC) in care, and 31 (15.9%) reported having training in some modality. The use of 17 PIC modalities was identified, 33 (47.8%) in auriculotherapy and 7 (10.1%) in reiki. The Ranking item on the theoretical knowledge of the average participants on the topic was >3.89, demonstrating agreement with the statements. About how participants experience the PIC, due to the recognition of nursing practices. Conclusion the study contributes to the characterization of nurses' performance in primary care based on integrative and complementary practices. The findings serve as a subsidy for professionals and managers to identify gaps in knowledge, in action, as well as in the management of primary care health services in order to strengthen the professional autonomy of those who use these practices in care.

O papel da educação permanente em saúde na implementação da linha de cuidado para o sobrepeso e obesidade nas ações da atenção primária: um estudo de caso na região do Grande ABC / The role of permanent health education in the implementation of the line of care for overweight and obesity in primary care actions: a case study in the Greater ABC region of São Paulo

Introdução - A obesidade é um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil. A linha de cuidado para o sobrepeso e obesidade é uma das ofertas tecnológicas inovadoras do Sistema Único de Saúde, visando superar a fragmentação da atenção e gestão à saúde e propondo diretrizes para organização da prevenção e do tratamento do sobrepeso e obesidade como linha de cuidado prioritária nas redes de atenção à saúde. A qualificação da força de trabalho para o enfrentamento da obesidade é uma das diretrizes propostas pela linha de cuidado, tendo como premissa as práticas de educação permanente em saúde (EPS). A EPS tem sido apontada como ferramenta essencial para a produção de mudanças de práticas e organização dos processos de trabalho. Objetivo - Compreender, na perspectiva de profissionais de saúde, o papel da EPS na implementação da linha de cuidado para o sobrepeso e obesidade nas ações da atenção primária. Métodos- Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa a partir de estudo de caso. Foram realizadas dezoito entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais de saúde com nível superior, atuantes na atenção primária dos municípios do Grande ABC Paulista no estado de São Paulo. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo com abordagem indutiva. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP (Parecer Nº 3.366.472; CAAE Nº 12785719.9.0000.5421). Resultados - A partir da análise emergiram cinco categorias temáticas: Organização do cuidado às pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade; Percepções sobre a temática de sobrepeso e obesidade; Concepções acerca dos processos educativos; Potencialidades associadas às práticas de EPS; e Desafios relacionados com as práticas de EPS. Conclusões - A obesidade foi concebida pelos profissionais de saúde como fenômeno multifatorial, sendo a vigilância alimentar e nutricional, a abordagem coletiva para o manejo da obesidade e uso de práticas integrativas e complementares práticas estabelecidas para o cuidado de indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade. Entretanto, ainda coexistem práticas assistenciais unidimensionais, com orientações focadas na perda de peso e responsabilização individual, nas quais os usuários com obesidade são vistos de maneira negativa e sofrem atitudes estigmatizantes. Os profissionais sentem-se inseguros frente à temática de obesidade e há reconhecimento da necessidade de processos de qualificação profissional. Evidenciou-se concepções dos processos educativos que ora convergem com princípios de EPS, ora com de educação continuada. A EPS foi concebida pelos profissionais como componente essencial para a produção e organização do cuidado para pessoas com excesso de peso, contribuindo para a implementação da linha de cuidado para sobrepeso e obesidade e propiciando transformação nas práticas e nos processos de trabalho. Contudo, as ações educativas relacionadas à temática obesidade ainda estão aquém do esperado e foram elencados fatores desafiadores para o desenvolvimento de ações de EPS, como a pandemia da COVID-19, alta demanda assistencial, ações desconexas com a realidade do serviço, problemáticas relacionadas a integração entre as equipes multiprofissionais e estratégia saúde da família, desvelando a necessidade de aprimoramento das ações estabelecidas e sensibilização da gestão local para ampliação do apoio aos processos educativos.

Introduction - Obesity is a significant public health problem in Brazil. The line of care for overweight and obesity is one of the innovative technological offers of the Unified Health System. It aims to overcome the fragmentation of health care and management and proposes guidelines to organize the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity as a priority line of care in health care networks. The qualification of the workforce to face obesity is one of the guidelines proposed by the line of care, based on permanent health education practices (EPS). EPS has been identified as an essential tool to generate changes in practices and organize work processes. Goal - To understand, from the perspective of health professionals, the role of EPS in the implementation of the line of care for overweight and obesity in primary care actions. Methods - This is a research with a qualitative approach based on a case study. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were carried out with health professionals with higher education, working in primary care in the municipalities of the Greater ABC Paulista in the state of São Paulo. Content analysis was carried out with an inductive approach. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculdade de Saúde Pública at USP (Opinion Nº 3.366.472; CAAE Nº 12785719.9.0000.5421). Outcomes - From the analysis, five thematic categories emerged: Organization of care for people with overweight and obesity; Perceptions about overweight and obesity; Conceptions about educational processes; Potentialities associated with EPS practices; and Challenges related to EPS practices. Conclusions - Obesity was conceived by health professionals as a multifactorial phenomenon. Food and nutrition surveillance, collective approaches and the use of integrative and complementary practices were the strategies established to care for overweight and obese individuals. However, one-dimensional care practices still coexist, with guidelines focused on weight loss and individual accountability, in which users with obesity are viewed negatively and suffer stigmatizing attitudes. Professionals feel insecure regarding the issue of obesity and there is recognition of the need for professional qualification processes. Conceptions of educational processes were evidenced, sometimes converging with EPS principles, sometimes converging with continuing education. EPS was conceived by professionals as an essential component to generate and organize care for overweight people, contributing to the implementation of the care line for overweight and obesity and providing transformation in work practices and processes. However, educational actions related to obesity are still below expectations. Challenging factors for the development of EPS actions were listed, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, high demand for care, actions disconnected from the reality of the service, problems related to the integration between multidisciplinary teams and the family health strategy, revealing the need to improve established actions and the awareness of local management in order to increase support for educational processes.

Apropriação dos espaços urbanos na infância e na velhice em Brasília (DF) / Occupation of urban spaces in childhood and old age in Brasilia, Brazil / Apropiación de espacios urbanos en la infancia y en la vejez en Brasília, Brasil

Os estudos sobre as relações mútuas entre as pessoas e o ambiente buscam subsidiar melhorias no contexto urbano a partir de métodos e técnicas pautados na compreensão do uso de espaços públicos e privados. A crescente demanda pela promoção de ambientes amigáveis para idosos e crianças nos cenários urbanos direcionou esta pesquisa e elencou dois componentes: o panorama relativo à população local e o arcabouço teórico da psicologia ambiental. Para tanto, buscou-se identificar as principais atividades realizadas por crianças e idosos em seus respectivos locais de moradia. Foram avaliados os principais usos e atividades desses dois grupos, em duas vizinhanças, diferenciando-os de acordo com suas especificidades em termos de demandas individuais e ambientais. As observações sistemáticas a partir da técnica de mapeamento comportamental centrado no lugar (MCCL) ocorreram na cidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal (DF) e permitiram compreender o processo de apropriação dos espaços na infância e na velhice e suas repercussões em termos da congruência pessoa-ambiente. Cada um destes setores organizados a partir de elementos específicos direciona as ações dos participantes para determinados tipos de comportamentos, observados de maneira a compor um roteiro em que a brincadeira (lazer ativo) surge como central na infância e a caminhada (circulação) como mais potente para a população idosa. Os resultados demonstram que o diálogo entre a psicologia ambiental e a ciência do desenvolvimento humano tem sido bastante profícuo e tem contribuído para a compreensão de aspectos da relação pessoa-ambiente em diferentes momentos do ciclo de vida.(AU)

Studies on the mutual relations between people and the environment seek to support improvements in the urban context from methods and techniques based on understanding the use of public and private spaces. The growing demand for the promotion of friendly urban environments for older people and children guided this research, with two notable components: the panorama related to the local population and the theoretical framework of Environmental Psychology. Therefore, we sought to identify the main activities carried out by children and older people in their respective dwellings. The main uses and activities of these two groups were evaluated in two neighborhoods, differentiating them according to their specificities in terms of individual and environmental demands. Systematic observations using the place-centered behavioral mapping technique took place in the city of Brasília, Federal District, and allowed us to understand the process of appropriation of spaces in childhood and old age and its repercussions in terms of person-environment congruence. Each of these sectors, organized from specific elements, directs the participants' actions towards certain types of behavior, observed in order to compose a script in which playing (active leisure) emerges as central in childhood and walking (circulation) as more potent for the older people. The results demonstrated that the dialogue between environmental psychology and the science of human development has been very fruitful and has contributed to the understanding of aspects of the person-environment relationship at different times in the life cycle.(AU)

Los estudios sobre las relaciones mutuas entre las personas y el medio ambiente buscan aportar mejoras en el contexto urbano mediante métodos y técnicas basados en la comprensión del uso de los espacios públicos y privados. La creciente demanda de la promoción de ambientes amigables para las personas mayores y los niños en entornos urbanos guio esta investigación y enumeró dos componentes: el panorama relacionado con la población local y el marco teórico de la Psicología Ambiental. En este contexto, buscamos identificar las principales actividades que realizan los niños y las personas mayores en sus respectivas viviendas. Se evaluaron los principales usos y actividades de estos dos grupos en dos barrios, diferenciándolos según sus especificidades en cuanto a las demandas individuales y ambientales. Las observaciones sistemáticas utilizando la técnica de mapeo conductual centrado en el lugar (MCCL) ocurrieron en la ciudad de Brasília, Distrito Federal (Brasil) y nos permitieron comprender el proceso de apropiación de espacios en la infancia y la vejez y sus repercusiones en la congruencia persona-ambiente. Cada uno de estos sectores, organizados a partir de elementos específicos, orienta las acciones de los participantes hacia determinados comportamientos, observados para componer un guion en el que el juego (ocio activo) emerge como central en la infancia y el caminar (circulación) como el más potente para las personas mayores. Los resultados demuestran que el diálogo entre la Psicología Ambiental y la ciencia del desarrollo humano ha sido muy fructífero y ha contribuido a la comprensión de aspectos de la relación persona-entorno en diferentes momentos del ciclo de vida.(AU)

Educação permanente no sistema único de saúde: concepções de profissionais da gestão e dos serviços / Continuing permanent education in the brazilian national health system: conceptions from management and care professionals / Educación continua en el sistema único de salud brasileño: concepciones de los profesionales de gestión y servicios

Este artigo pretende compreender as concepções de profissionais da gestão e dos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) sobre Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS), bem como seus desafios e potencialidades. Utilizou-se de grupo focal para coleta, seguido de análise lexical do tipo classificação hierárquica descendente com auxílio do software Iramuteq. Os resultados delinearam quatro classes: a) EPS - entendimentos e expectativas; b) entraves à EPS; c) ETSUS e EPS por meio de cursos e capacitações; e d) dispositivos de EPS: potencialidades e desafios. Os participantes apontaram equívocos de entendimentos acerca da EPS ao equipará-la à Educação Continuada (EC) voltada à transferência de conteúdo, com repercussões negativas na prática de EPS. Discute-se o risco em centralizar o responsável pela concretização dessa proposta, que deveria ser coletiva e compartilhada entre diferentes atores. Reivindica-se, portanto, uma produção colaborativa, que possa circular entre os envolvidos, de modo que cada um experimente esse lugar e se aproprie da complexidade de interações propiciadas pela Educação Permanente em Saúde.(AU)

This article aims to understand the conceptions of professionals from the management and services of the Unified Health System (SUS) on Permanent Education in Health (EPS), as well as its challenges and potential. A focus group was used for data collection, followed by a lexical analysis of the descending hierarchical classification type using the Iramuteq software. The results delineated four classes: a) EPS - understandings and expectations; b) obstacles to EPS; c) ETSUS and EPS by courses and training; and d) EPS devices: potentialities and challenges. Participants pointed out misunderstandings about EPS, when equating it with Continuing Education (CE) focused on content transfer, with negative repercussions on EPS practice. The risk of centralizing the person responsible for implementing this proposal, which should be collective and shared among different actors, is discussed. Therefore, a collaborative production is claimed for, which can circulate among those involved, so that each one experiences this place and appropriates the complexity of interactions provided by Permanent Education in Health.(AU)

Este artículo tiene por objetivo comprender las concepciones de los profesionales de la gestión y servicios del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) sobre Educación Continua en Salud (EPS), así como sus desafíos y potencialidades. Se utilizó un grupo focal para la recolección de datos, seguido por un análisis léxico del tipo clasificación jerárquica descendente con la ayuda del software Iramuteq. Los resultados delinearon cuatro clases: a) EPS: entendimientos y expectativas, b) Barreras para EPS, c) ETSUS y EPS a través de cursos y capacitación, y d) Dispositivos EPS: potencialidades y desafíos. Los participantes informaron que existen malentendidos sobre EPS al equipararla a Educación Continua, con repercusiones negativas en la práctica de EPS, orientada a la transferencia de contenidos. Se discute el riesgo de elegir a un solo organismo como responsable de implementar esta propuesta colectiva, que debería ser colectiva y compartida entre los diferentes actores. Se aboga por un liderazgo colaborativo, que pueda circular entre los involucrados, para que cada uno experimente este lugar y se apropie de la complejidad de interacciones que brinda la Educación Continua en Salud.(AU)

[Interprofessional continuing education and reskilling in midwifery].

In 2015, accreditation system for Japanese midwives was started by Japan Institute of Midwifery Evaluation. In the present practice, midwives are not able to acquire advanced competencies. Because of Japan's declining birth rate and uneven distribution of work places for midwives, opportunities for midwives to experience midwifery practice are decreasing and proficiency cannot be enhanced easily. The Japanese Nursing Association realized the need for strategic enhancement of midwifery practice, and consequently developed the Clinical Ladder of Competencies for Midwifery Practice (CLoCMiP) to be made available wherever it was needed. Five midwifery-related associations (Japanese Nursing Association, Japanese Midwives Association, Japan Academy of Midwifery, Japan Society Midwifery Education, and Japan Institute of Midwifery Evaluation) each shared a sense of crisis that the current situation hindered the ability of midwives to improve their ability and performance, so they decided to establish a certification system based on CLoCMiP. CLoCMiP evaluates midwifery core competencies and comprises 5 levels from Novice to Level IV to provide midwifery care autonomously. To be linked to this, designation rules of midwifery education was changed by Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. It increases from 28 credits to 31 credits, and applied from 2022. It should be strengthened in perinatal mental health, clinical judgment skills, and comprehensive support for the child-rearing in the community. Then, we reviewed our midwifery program and created core curriculum in preferred midwifery education by Japan Society Midwifery Education. It is important for midwives to collaborate interprofessional and continuing Education.

Development and Implementation of an Online Pain Management Continuing Education Program.

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies indicate a lack of pain management training across a range of healthcare specialties. The online Joint Pain Education Program (OJPEP) was created to provide content covering various topics that range from general pain science to integrative care to pain management. The present study evaluates the feasibility of an interdisciplinary, self-guided, online pain management continuing education program, the OJPEP. PARTICIPANTS/SUBJECTS: A total of 228 learners participted in this study. Of the 228 learners, 58 learners identified as registered nurses and 12 learners identified as nurse practitioners. DESIGN: Prospective single-arm education feasibility study. METHODS: Potential learners were provided invitations to participate via emails from clinic leadership and postings to hospital intranet websites. Learners registered online and could select up to eight modules, based on the materials developed from a Department of Defense/Veterans Administration project. Learners evaluated their satisfaction with module quality and applicability. RESULTS: A variety of providers, predominately non-prescribers, across many health care specialties, registered for modules. Across all modules except one, less than half of participants who registered completed the selected module. Time stamps indicated many learners skipped module content. Of those who completed the continuing education evaluation to obtain certificates, the majority indicated the content was of high-quality, appropriate, and evidence-based. One-third to approximately one-half of learners indicated that they would apply content in their clinical practice. Completion of the intended 3-month follow-up survey was poor. CONCLUSIONS: Though modules were acceptable per learner responses, future work is needed to: develop modules that are more engaging (e.g., interactive) and applicable to learners; and improve implementation methods to include dissemination and evaluation metrics.

The clinical impact of pain neuroscience continuing education on physical therapy outcomes for patients with low back and neck pain.

OBJECTIVES: Research suggests that attendance by physical therapists at continuing education (CE) targeting the management of low back pain (LBP) and neck pain does not result in positive impacts on clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine if therapists attending a self-paced 3-hour online Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) program was associated with any observed changes to patient outcomes and also clinical practice. METHODS: Participants were 25 different physical therapists who treated 3,705 patients with low back pain (LBP) or neck pain before and after they had completed an online PNE CE course. Change in outcomes measures of pain and disability at discharge were compared for the patients treated before and after the therapist training. Clinical practice patterns of the therapists, including total treatment visits, duration of care, total units billed, average units billed per visit, percentage of 'active' billing units and percentage of 'active and manual' billing units, were also compared for the patient care episodes before and after the therapist training. RESULTS: There was no significant difference for change in pain scores at discharge for patients treated after therapist CE training compared to those treated before regardless of the condition (LBP or neck pain). However, patients with LBP who were treated after therapist CE training did report greater improvement in their disability scores. Also after CE training, for each episode of care, therapists tended to use less total visits, billed fewer units per visit, and billed a greater percentage of more 'active' and 'active and manual' billing units. DISCUSSION: Attending an online 3-hour CE course on PNE resulted in improved disability scores for patients with LBP, but not for those with neck pain. Changes in clinical behavior by the therapists included using less visits, billing fewer total units, and shifting to more active and manual therapy interventions. Further prospective studies with control groups should investigate the effect of therapist CE on patient outcomes and clinical practice.

Atenção primária e capacitação profissional para aplicação das práticas integrativas e complementares: revisão integrativa / Primary care and professional training for integrative and complementary practice applications: an integrative review / Atención primaria y formación profesional para la aplicación de prácticas integrativas y complementarias: revisión integrativa

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o processo de formação e capacitação profissional para as Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICS) e propor estratégias de Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS), visando a continuidade e integralidade do cuidado na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e Domicílio. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada na Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde e nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Web Of Science e, CINAHL. A amostra foi composta por 13 estudos. Os resultados foram agrupados em quatro categorias: a formação e educação profissional em PICS; os conhecimentos e vantagens da capacitação para a oferta das PICS; as PICS mais utilizadas; e, as áreas profissionais predominantes no processo de aplicação das PICS. Pode-se conhecer o estado da arte sobre o processo de capacitação e aplicação das PICS na APS, por profissionais graduados na área da saúde, preenchendo lacunas do conhecimento e fornecendo sugestões de estratégias de EPS.

The objective of this study was to analyze the process of professional training and qualification for Integrative and Complementary Practices and to propose strategies for permanent health education, aiming at the continuity and integrality of care in Primary Health Care (PHC) and at home. This is an integrative review, carried out in the Virtual Health Library and in the PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Web Of Science and CINAHL databases. The sample consisted of 13 studies. The results were grouped into four categories: professional training and qualification education on Integrative and Complementary Practices; the knowledge and advantages of training to offer Integrative and Complementary PracticesS; the most used Integrative and Complementary Practices; and, the predominant professional areas in the process of applying for Integrative and Complementary Practices. The state of the art on the process of training and application of Integrative and Complementary Practices in Primary Health Care can be known, by professionals graduated in the health area, filling knowledge gaps and providing suggestions for health permanent education strategies.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el proceso de formación profesional para las Prácticas Integrativas y Complementarias (PICS) y proponer estrategias para la educación permanente en salud (EPS), visando la continuidad e integralidad del cuidado en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) y Residencia. Revisión integradora, realizada en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Web Of Science y CINAHL. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 13 estudios. Los resultados se agruparon en cuatro categorías: formación y educación profesional en PICS; conocimientos y ventajas de la formación para PICS; los PICS más utilizados; las áreas profesionales predominantes en el proceso de aplicación del PICS. Es posible conocer el estado del arte sobre el proceso de formación y aplicación del PICS en APS, por parte de profesionales graduados en el área de la salud, llenando huecos de conocimiento y brindando sugerencias para estrategias de EPS.

Adaptation and continuous learning: integrative review of coping strategies of palliative care professionals.

BACKGROUND: Coping is essential to manage palliative care professionals' challenges. The focus has been on the effects of coping mechanism; however, little is known about coping itself in palliative care. AIM: To synthesise evidence of coping strategies in palliative care professionals, and how different strategies play roles over time. DESIGN: Systematically conducted integrative review. DATA SOURCES: PubMed; CINAHL; Medline; PsycINFO and B-ON were searched (1996-2021) combining 'coping' AND 'palliative care'. A predefined data extraction sheet was developed to report data. Two researchers performed constant comparative analysis using Nvivo®. RESULTS: Thirty-one studies were included. Four main strategies with recurrent reference to time were found: (a) proactive coping, involving activities to achieve self-confidence and control situations and emotions; (b) self-care based coping, including self-protection and self-awareness activities, with behavioural disconnection; (c) self-transformation coping, involving activities to accept limits; and (d) encountering deep professional meaning, is a coping mechanism based on meaning, frequently considering the deepest meaning of work. The dynamic and influencing factors were training, team interaction, professional motivation and family. They were usually protective factors, though sometimes they represented risk factors. The emotional burden associated with healthcare and systemic stressors were always risk factors. An explanatory model describes a complex and dynamic process, in which everyday strategies and more introspective strategies are combined. CONCLUSIONS: The model showed a process of adaptation and learning to persevere in palliative care. It changes over time under factors and strategies, and evolves in a personal and professional transformation, parallel to the working life. It would be worth assessing coping in healthcare professionals who chose to leave palliative care and to investigate the reasons they did so and their coping mechanisms.

Educação permanente sobre cuidados paliativos para profissionais de enfermagem: revisão integrativa da literatura / Permanent education on palliative care for nursing professionals: an integrative literature review / Educación permanente en cuidados paliativos para profesionales de enfermería: revisión integradora de la literatura

Objetivo: identificar na literatura evidências científicas atuais acerca de educação permanente em cuidados paliativos para profissionais de enfermagem. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura realizada em seis etapas: 1- definição da questão norteadora; 2- busca na literatura nas bases de dados: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Base de Dados em Enfermagem e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online por meio da combinação dos Descritores português: "Cuidados Paliativos", "Enfermagem" e "Educação Continuada"; 3- definição das informações a serem extraídas dos estudos; 4- avaliação crítica; 5- interpretação dos resultados; 6- síntese do conteúdo. Resultados: seis artigos selecionados para leitura na íntegra, emergindo duas categorias para discussão. Conclusão: trata-se de uma temática recente, porém em ascensão. Observou-se um número reduzido de estudos, indicando a necessidade de novas pesquisas no campo dos cuidados paliativos e educação permanente nessa área.

Objective: to identify current scientific evidence in the literature about continuing education in palliative care for nursing professionals. Method: integrative literature review carried out in six steps: 1- definition of the guiding question; 2- Literature search in the databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Database in Nursing and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online by combining the Portuguese Descriptors: "Palliative Care", "Nursing" and "Education Continued"; 3- definition of the information to be extracted from the studies; 4- critical evaluation; 5- interpretation of results; 6- content synthesis. Results: six articles selected for full reading, emerging two categories for discussion. Conclusion: this is a recent theme, but on the rise. There was a small number of studies, indicating the need for further research in the field of palliative care and continuing education in this area.

Objetivo: identificar la evidencia científica actual en la literatura sobre la formación continua en cuidados paliativos para profesionales de enfermería. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en seis pasos: 1- definición de la pregunta orientadora; 2- Búsqueda de literatura en las bases de datos: Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Base de Datos en Enfermería y Sistema de Análisis y Recuperación de Literatura Médica en Línea mediante la combinación de los Descriptores Portugueses: "Cuidados Paliativos", "Enfermería" y "Educación Continuada"; 3- definición de la información a extraer de los estudios; 4- evaluación crítica; 5- interpretación de resultados; 6- síntesis de contenido. Resultados: seis artículos seleccionados para lectura completa, emergiendo dos categorías para discusión. Conclusión: este es un tema reciente, pero en aumento. Hubo un pequeño número de estudios, lo que indica la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones en el campo de los cuidados paliativos y la educación continua en esta área.