Study on the effectiveness and safety of Xingpi Yanger granule combined with Saccharomyces boulardii for rotavirus enteritis in children: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine preparation XPYEG combined with SBI and SBI alone in the treatment of REC, and to provide the reference in drugs for the clinical treatment of children with rotavirus enteritis. METHODS: Retrieving the English databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase; Chinese databases: CNKI, CBM and WANFANG Data. Retrieving a randomized controlled trial of XPYEG and SBI in the treatment of REC. The retrieval time is from the above database until September 2020. The retrieval strategy of combining free words and subject words is adopted, and the references included in the literature are searched manually in accordance with the literature studied in this paper and not included in the above database. Two researchers screen the literature according to the literature inclusion and exclusion criteria, extract valid data and evaluate the quality of the literature, and cross-check it. Using the RevMan 5.3 software to conduct the meta-analysis on the main outcome and secondary outcome indicators of the included literature, while assessing the evidence quality of included study. RESULTS: The effectiveness and safety of XPYEG and SBI in the treatment of REC are presented through the main and secondary outcome indicators. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/3QSZG. CONCLUSION: This study will conclude whether the combination of XPYEG and SBI is more effective than SBI alone in the treatment of REC, and whether the medication increases the risk of adverse reactions compared with single medication. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study does not involve the specific patients, and all research data comes from publicly available professional literature, so an ethics committee is not required to conduct an ethical review and approval of the study.

Oral vaccination of broiler chickens against necrotic enteritis using a non-virulent NetB positive strain of Clostridium perfringens type A.

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a severe disease of chickens and turkeys caused by some strains of Clostridium perfringens type A. The disease is well controlled by the use of in-feed antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). However, due to worldwide public and regulatory pressure to reduce the use of AGPs inter alia, there is an urgent need to develop non-antibiotic based preventative measures. Vaccination would be a suitable control measure, but currently there is no commercial vaccine. NetB (necrotic enteritis toxin B-like) is a pore-forming toxin produced by C. perfringens that has been reported as an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of NE. The present study tests a non-virulent NetB producing strain of C. perfringens (nvNetB+), with or without adjuvants, as an orally administered live vaccine. Adjuvants used were Gel 01™, Cholera toxin (CT), Escherichia coli wild type heat-labile holotoxin (LT) and mutant E. coli LT (dmLT) (R192G/L211A). Several vaccine administration regimes were tested. All vaccination regimes elicited serum and mucosal antibody responses to alpha toxin and to secreted proteins of both nvNetB+ and a very virulent NetB positive (vvNetB+) strain (p<0.0001 to p<0.05). In some vaccinated groups, there was milder intestinal pathology upon disease challenge. 55% of birds vaccinated orally at days 2, 12 with nvNetB+ adjuvanted with CT did not develop any lesions of NE by 6 days post challenge, compared to a 100% incidence of NE lesions in the unvaccinated disease challenged group.

Antiviral activity of sulfated Chuanminshen violaceum polysaccharide against duck enteritis virus in vitro.

Duck enteritis virus (DEV) of the family Herpesviridae is one of the main diseases in waterfowl. Despite the wide use of vaccines to control the disease, infection with the virus cannot be completely prevented. Therefore, antiviral agents against DEV should be developed. This study presents a novel sulfated polysaccharide from Chuanminshen violaceum (sCVPS), which exhibits significant antiviral activity against DEV with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 77.12 µg/mL to 104.81 µg/mL. sCVPS is more effective than heparan sulfate (HS, as a positive control) with IC50=132.61 µg/mL. sCVPS and HS inhibit viral activity by preventing virus adsorption with IC50 values ranging from 82.83 µg/mL to 109.28 µg/mL for sCVPS and 150.22 µg/mL for HS. Direct immunofluorescence assay and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the mechanism of action was the interference with virus adsorption. The amount of inhibited virus during adsorption was quantified using fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction, which revealed that both sCVPS and HS can significantly reduce all viruses attached to cells. sCVPS also prevented the cell-to-cell spread of DEV. These results indicated that sCVPSs perform more effectively than does HS as antiviral agents against DEV and can be further examined for potential effects as an alternative control measure for DEV infection.

[Clinical observation on treatment of infantile rotavirus enteritis by umbilical application of lunxieting paste].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of umbilical application with Lunxieting Paste (LXT) for the treatment of infantile rotavirus enteritis (IRE). METHODS: One hundred and ninety infants with IRE were randomly assigned into three groups, 55 in Group A, 60 in Group B and 75 in Group C. All were treated with conventional therapy, mainly the dehydration and acidosis correcting, rehydration salt and antiviral therapy; but to patients in Groups B and C, an additional medication of Smecta 1.5 g, thrice a day. for infants below 1 year and 3 g, thrice a day. for those between 1-2 years old, by orally taken with 0.05 L of warm water and umbilical application with LXT (one dose per day, containing 6.0 g of crude drug) was given respectively. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 69.1% in Group A, 75% in Group B and 92% in Group C, respectively, showing significant difference (P<0.05) in comparing Group C with Groups A and B. Moreover, serum levels of TNF-alpha were decreased and IFN-gamma increased in Group C after treatment, all showed statistical significance as compared with those in the other two groups (P<0.05). No significant adverse reactions were observed in all patients. CONCLUSION: Umbilical application of LXT could effectively alleviate the diarrhea symptom in IRE patients, accelerate the negative inversion of rotavirus, and reduce the injury of intestinal membrane, showing a therapeutic efficacy more effective and quicker than that of conventional treatment with more convenience for use.

Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched fish oil consumption modulates immunoglobulin responses to and clearance of enteric reovirus infection in mice.

We hypothesized that consumption of the (n-3) PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), modulates the mucosal immune response to enteric infection with respiratory enteric orphan virus (reovirus), a model intestinal pathogen. Mice were fed either AIN-93G control diet, containing 10 g/kg corn oil and 60 g/kg high oleic acid safflower oil, or AIN-93G, containing 10 g/kg corn oil and 60 g/kg DHA-enriched fish oil, for 4 wk and then orally gavaged with reovirus strain Type 1 Lang, (T1/L). Reovirus-specific IgA antibody was first detectable in the feces of mice fed a control diet at 6 d postinfection (PI) and was further elevated at 8 and 10 d PI. IgA responses in DHA-fed mice were similar at 6 and 8 d PI but greater at 10 d PI (P < 0.05). Both reovirus-specific serum IgA and IgG(2a) were comparably induced in mice fed control or DHA diets. Reovirus-specific IgA and IgG(2a) secretion by ex vivo Peyer's patch, lamina propria, and spleen cultures derived from control and DHA groups were comparable. Although both groups carried similar numbers of reovirus plaque forming units per intestine, DHA-fed mice shed nearly 10 times more viral RNA in feces than control mice at 2, 4, and 6 d PI (P < 0.05). However, viral RNA was not detectable in either group at 8 and 10 d. Taken together, these data suggest that DHA consumption did not markedly alter mucosal or systemic Ig responses to reovirus but delayed clearance of the virus from the intestinal tract.

[Clinical study on treatment of infantile rotaviral enteritis with Psidium guajava L].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of olium Psidium guajava (PG) in treating infantile rotaviral enteritis. METHODS: Sixty-two patients of rotaviral enteritis were randomly divided into the treated group treated with PG and the control group treated with Gegen Qinlian decoction. The time for ceasing diarrhea, the content of Na+ in blood, the content of Na+ and glucose in stool, and the rate of negative conversion of human rotavirus (HRV) antigen were observed. RESULTS: The rate of recovery in 3 days of the treated group was 87.1%, significantly higher than that of the control group (58.1%, P < 0.05). The time of ceasing diarrhea of the treated group (25.1 +/- 9.5 hr) was significantly shorter than that of the control group (38.7 +/- 15.2 hr, P < 0.01). The content of Na+ and glucose in stool was reduced obviously in the treated group, while the reduction in the control group was insignificant, the treated group was superior to the control group significantly (P < 0.05). The rate of negative conversion of HRV in feces of the treated group was 87.1%, significantly better than that of the control (58.1%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The treatment with PG has good curative effect on infantile rotaviral enteritis.

[Clinical and experimental study on treatment of rotaviral enteritis with qiwei baizhu powder].

Sixty cases of rotaviral enteritis treated with Qiwei Baizhu Powder (QWBZP) revealed a better efficacy than that treated with Oral Rehydration solution (ORS, chi 2 = 6.07, P < 0.05). The content of Na+ and glucose as well as number of patients with positive human rotavirus (HRV) antigen in faeces in QWBZP group were less than that in ORS group (chi 2 = 18.09, P < 0.05). In experimental study, QWBZP was found to be effective in treating HRV enteritis of newborn NIH mice in vivo, as compared with the control groups, the mortality of mice was decreased by 73.3%, the content of Na+ and glucose as well as number of mice with positive HRV antigen in faeces was markedly reduced, the pathological changes of intestine such as the damage of small intestinal mucosa and the exfoliation of intestinal villi were also obviously alleviated.