Effect of one time high dose "stoss therapy" of vitamin D on glucose homeostasis in high risk obese adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective To study the effect of using a one time high dose "stoss therapy" of vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol: VD2) on indices of insulin sensitivity {whole body sensitivity index: WBISI} and secretion {insulinogenic index: IGI} measured during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in obese adolescents with VDD (25 OHD; serum metabolite of vit D: < 30 ng/dL). Subjects and methods In a randomized placebo controlled cross over design 20 obese adolescents with vitamin D deficiency (VDD) had baseline OGTT. Arm A received one time high dose 300,000 IU of ergocalciferol and Arm B received placebo. After 6 weeks the adolescents were reassigned to Arm A if they were in Arm B and vice versa. 25OHD, calcium, parathyroid hormone, comprehensive metabolic panel, urine calcium creatinine ratio were measured at each study visit. OGTTs to assess indices of sensitivity and secretion were done at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks respectively. Results Adolescents were obese and insulin resistant (mean ± SD: mean age = 15.1 ± 1.9 years; BMI: 32.7 ± 9.8; homeostatic model of insulin resistance: HOMA-IR: 4.2 ± 2.8). Stoss therapy with VD2 increased 25OHD from baseline (16.7 ± 2.9 to 19.5 ± 4.5; p = 0.0029) when compared to the placebo. WBISI (2.8 ± 1.9) showed a trend towards improvement in Rx group (p = 0.0577) after adjustment for covariates. IGI (3 ± 2.2) showed an improvement in both Rx and placebo groups. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that using a high dose of VD2 (300,000 IU) did not have any beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity (whole body sensitivity index {WBISI}) and secretory indices (insulinogenic index {IGI}) in obese adolescents. High dose "stoss therapy" of VD2 did not appear to have any beneficial effect on glucose homeostasis on obese adolescents.

¿Es equivalente la suplementación diaria con vitamina D2 o vitamina D3 en adultos mayores? / Is daily supplementation with vitamin D2 equivalent to daily supplementation with vitamin D3 in the elderly?

Tanto la equivalencia entre colecalciferol (D3) y ergocalciferol (D2), como las dosis y forma de administración de ambos, son actualmente un tema controvertido. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la efectividad de 800 UI/día de D2 (gotas) y D3 (comprimidos) para alcanzar niveles adecuados de 25 hidroxivitamina D (25OHD) (= 30 ng/ml). Veintiún mujeres posmenopáusicas que vivían en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, edad promedio ( ± DS) 77.1 ± 6.8 años fueron incluidas y asignadas en forma aleatoria a uno de los siguientes grupos: GD2 (n = 13): 800 UI (gotas) y GD3 (n = 8): 800 UI (comprimidos). Se midió 25OHD sérica (RIA-DIASORIN) basal y a los 7, 28 y 45 días del estudio. Basalmente, 19 de las 21 mujeres presentaron niveles de deficiencia de 25(OH)D (< 20 ng/ml): GD2: 14.0 ± 4.8 y GD3: 13.2 ± 4.9 (NS). Se observó en el día 7 un incremento del ~25% solo en GD3 y un aumento significativo al final del estudio en ambos grupos, sin alcanzar los valores adecuados de 25OHD (GD2: 17.4 ± 5.5 vs. GD3:22.9 ± 4.6 ng/ml p < 0.001). La administración por 45 días de 800 UI de vitamina D3 fue más efectiva que D2 para incrementar los niveles de 25OHD, aunque ambas fueron insuficientes para alcanzar niveles adecuados de 25OHD (= 30 ng/ml).

The equivalence of cholecalciferol (D3) and ergocalciferol (D2) as well as their corresponding doses and administration route remain controversial to date. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of daily supplementation with 800 IU of D2 (drops) and D3 (pills) on 25-hydroxivitamin D (25OHD) levels (= 30 ng/ml). Twenty-one ambulatory postmenopausal women from Buenos Aires City with a mean ( ± SD) age of 77.1 ± 6.8 years were included. The participants were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: GD2 (n = 13): 800 IU (drops) and GD3 (n = 8): 800 IU (pills). Serum 25OHD levels were measured (RIA-DIASORIN) at baseline, and at 7, 28 and 45 days. Nineteen out of twenty one women showed deficient levels of 25OHD at baseline (< 20 ng/ml): GD2: 14.0 ± 4.8 ng/ml and GD3: 13.2 ± 4.9 ng/ml (NS). Whereas only GD3 exhibited an increase (~25%) at 7 days, both groups showed a significant increase at the end of the study. However, neither attained adequate 25OHD levels (GD2: 17.4 ± 5.5 vs. GD3:22.9 ± 4.6 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Administration of 800 IU of vitamin D3 during 45 days was more effective than D2 in increasing 25OHD, but both failed to achieve adequate levels of 25OHD (= 30 ng/ml). but neither succeeded in achieving adequate levels of 25OHD (= 30 ng/ml).

¿Es equivalente la suplementación diaria con vitamina D2 o vitamina D3 en adultos mayores? / Is daily supplementation with vitamin D2 equivalent to daily supplementation with vitamin D3 in the elderly?

Tanto la equivalencia entre colecalciferol (D3) y ergocalciferol (D2), como las dosis y forma de administración de ambos, son actualmente un tema controvertido. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la efectividad de 800 UI/día de D2 (gotas) y D3 (comprimidos) para alcanzar niveles adecuados de 25 hidroxivitamina D (25OHD) (= 30 ng/ml). Veintiún mujeres posmenopáusicas que vivían en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, edad promedio ( ± DS) 77.1 ± 6.8 años fueron incluidas y asignadas en forma aleatoria a uno de los siguientes grupos: GD2 (n = 13): 800 UI (gotas) y GD3 (n = 8): 800 UI (comprimidos). Se midió 25OHD sérica (RIA-DIASORIN) basal y a los 7, 28 y 45 días del estudio. Basalmente, 19 de las 21 mujeres presentaron niveles de deficiencia de 25(OH)D (< 20 ng/ml): GD2: 14.0 ± 4.8 y GD3: 13.2 ± 4.9 (NS). Se observó en el día 7 un incremento del ~25% solo en GD3 y un aumento significativo al final del estudio en ambos grupos, sin alcanzar los valores adecuados de 25OHD (GD2: 17.4 ± 5.5 vs. GD3:22.9 ± 4.6 ng/ml p < 0.001). La administración por 45 días de 800 UI de vitamina D3 fue más efectiva que D2 para incrementar los niveles de 25OHD, aunque ambas fueron insuficientes para alcanzar niveles adecuados de 25OHD (= 30 ng/ml).(AU)

The equivalence of cholecalciferol (D3) and ergocalciferol (D2) as well as their corresponding doses and administration route remain controversial to date. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of daily supplementation with 800 IU of D2 (drops) and D3 (pills) on 25-hydroxivitamin D (25OHD) levels (= 30 ng/ml). Twenty-one ambulatory postmenopausal women from Buenos Aires City with a mean ( ± SD) age of 77.1 ± 6.8 years were included. The participants were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: GD2 (n = 13): 800 IU (drops) and GD3 (n = 8): 800 IU (pills). Serum 25OHD levels were measured (RIA-DIASORIN) at baseline, and at 7, 28 and 45 days. Nineteen out of twenty one women showed deficient levels of 25OHD at baseline (< 20 ng/ml): GD2: 14.0 ± 4.8 ng/ml and GD3: 13.2 ± 4.9 ng/ml (NS). Whereas only GD3 exhibited an increase (~25%) at 7 days, both groups showed a significant increase at the end of the study. However, neither attained adequate 25OHD levels (GD2: 17.4 ± 5.5 vs. GD3:22.9 ± 4.6 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Administration of 800 IU of vitamin D3 during 45 days was more effective than D2 in increasing 25OHD, but both failed to achieve adequate levels of 25OHD (= 30 ng/ml). but neither succeeded in achieving adequate levels of 25OHD (= 30 ng/ml).(AU)

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la deficiencia de vitamina D / Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency

Nutritional status of vitamin D has regained importance in the last few years because its deficiency is highly prevalent, and because, apart from its well known effects on bone metabolism, this vitamin participates in cellular proliferation and differentiation and muscle strength and balance, among other effects. The active molecule is 1,25(OH)2D, but serum concentration of total 25 OH vitamin D (i.e. including ergocalciferol or vitamin D2 plus chole calciferol or vitamin D3) is the preferred indicator of vitamin D status. Recent evidences suggest the need to increase dietary recommendations in adults up to 1,000 IU/day. However, in deficiency states it is often necessary to supplement with pharmaceutical preparations, which contain higher doses of this vitamin since the amounts previously employed were not able to return levels to normal. In the present article we present the entire list of vitamin D preparations commercially available in Chile. The difficulty of choosing the most adequate product for an individual patient becomes clear, because there are only few formulations containing more than 800IU and, in addition they are usually combined with calcium, biphosphonates or multiple minerals and other vitamins.

El estado nutricional de vitamina D ha cobrado importancia en los últimos a±os debido a que su deficiencia es altamente prevalente, y además por sus conocidos efectos en el metabolismo óseo, participa en la diferenciación y proliferación celular, función muscular y equilibrio, entre otros. La molécula activa es la 1,25(OH)2D, pero se recomienda medir niveles séricos de 25 OH vitamina D total (es decir la suma de ergocalciferol o vitamina D2 y colecalciferol o vitamina D3), como reflejo del status de vitamina D. La evidencia actual sugiere la necesidad de elevar las recomendaciones para la ingesta dietaria en adultos, hasta cifras cercanas a 1.000 Ul/día. Sin embargo en casos de deficiencia puede ser necesario utilizar suplementos farmacéuticos conteniendo dosis superiores de esta vitamina, por cuanto aquellas utilizadas en el pasado no lograban corregir el déficit. En este artículo se presenta un listado de los preparados comerciales que contienen vitamina D disponibles en Chile. Al analizarlo se pone de mamfiesto la dificultad que representa elegir el preparado más adecuado para corregir la deficiencia en un paciente individual, debido a que son pocas las preparaciones que contienen más de 800 UI, además de que habitualmente se encuentra en asociación con calcio, bifosfonatos o múltiples otros minerales y vitaminas.