Adverse Events in Pediatric Dental Practice: Survey of Pediatric Dentists in the United States.

Purpose: To survey pediatric dentists in the United States regarding adverse events during dental care for children. Methods: A self-administered, anonymous online survey was sent to American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry members (N equals 6,327) using REDCap® software (between October and December 2019). The questionnaire (all items with radio-button numerical categories) included five items surveying pediatric adverse event occurrence and seven demographic items. Annualized occurrences of adverse events in US pediatric dental practices were extrapolated from the data collected. Results: The survey response was 11 percent (n equals 704), with 91 percent of respondents reporting that at least one child experienced an adverse event during dental treatment. The two most prevalent adverse events, each reported by 82 percent of respondents, were self-inflicted trauma to soft tissues after local anesthesia and nausea and vomiting, with annualized estimates of 7,816 and 7,003, respectively. Major adverse events (respiratory depression, cardiovascular depression, neurological damage, death) during pediatric dental treatment were reported by 14 percent of respondents (annualized estimate equals 443). "Wrong" errors (wrong tooth/wrong procedure/wrong patient) were reported by 24 percent of respondents (annualized estimate equals 600). Conclusions: Adverse events during pediatric dental care are of noticeable concern with some (wrong tooth/wrong procedure/wrong patient errors) that can be procedurally mitigated.

The effect of a brief mindfulness-based stress reduction program on strengthening awareness of medical errors and risks among nursing students.

INFORMATION: Healthcare professionals' awareness of medical errors and risks results in effective medical error reporting and patient safety. Mindfulness has positive effects on strengthening attention and awareness. However, little is known about the use of mindfulness in patient safety education among nursing students. This study aimed to examine if a brief mindfulness-based stress reduction program would have a beneficial impact on (a) medical error attitudes, (b) the number of medical errors and risks in a simulation environment, and (c) self-confidence and satisfaction among nursing students. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design with a control group was conducted with 78 third-year nursing students at a private, accredited, nursing program in Istanbul, Türkiye. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in the intervention group between the pre-test and post-test for medical error attitudes (p < 0.001), and the number of medical errors and risks in a simulation environment (p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in the intervention and control groups for self-confidence and satisfaction (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a brief mindfulness-based stress reduction program positively strengthens nursing students' awareness of medical errors and risks.

Holistic strategy for promoting effective handoffs.

BACKGROUND: Handoffs are ubiquitous in modern healthcare practice, and they can be a point of resilience and care continuity. However, they are prone to a variety of issues. Handoffs are linked to 80% of serious medical errors and are implicated in one of three malpractice suits. Furthermore, poorly performed handoffs can lead to information loss, duplication of efforts, diagnosis changes and increased mortality. METHODS: This article proposes a holistic approach for healthcare organisations to achieve effective handoffs within their units and departments. RESULTS: We examine the organisational considerations (ie, the facets controlled by higher-level leadership) and local drivers (ie, the aspects controlled by the individuals working in the units and providing patient care). CONCLUSION: We propose advice for leaders to best enact the processes and cultural change necessary to see positive outcomes associated with handoffs and care transitions within their units and hospitals.

Comparison of physicians' and dentists' incident reports in open data from the Japan Council for Quality Health Care: a mixed-method study.

BACKGROUND: Patient safety is associated with patient outcomes. However, there is insufficient evidence of patient safety in the dental field. This study aimed to compare incidents reported by dentists and physicians, compare the type of errors made by them, and identify how dentists prevent dental errors. METHODS: A mixed-methods study was conducted using open data from the Japan Council for Quality Health Care database. A total of 6071 incident reports submitted for the period 2016-2020 were analyzed; the number of dentists' incident reports was 144, and the number of physicians' incident reports was 5927. RESULTS: The percentage of dental intern reporters was higher than that of medical intern reporters (dentists: n = 12, 8.3%; physicians: n = 180, 3.0%; p = 0.002). The percentage of reports by dentists was greater than that by physicians: wrong part of body treated (dentists: n = 26, 18.1%; physicians: n = 120, 2.0%; p < 0.001), leaving foreign matter in the body (dentists: n = 15, 10.4%; physicians: n = 182, 3.1%; p < 0.001), and accidental ingestion (dentists: n = 8, 5.6%; physicians: n = 8, 0.1%; p < 0.001), and aspiration of foreign body (dentists: n = 5, 3.4%; physicians: n = 33, 0.6%; p = 0.002). The percentage of each type of prevention method utilized was as follows: software 27.8% (n = 292), hardware (e.g., developing a new system) 2.1% (n = 22), environment (e.g., coordinating the activities of staff) 4.2% (n = 44), liveware (e.g., reviewing procedure, double checking, evaluating judgement calls made) 51.6% (n = 542), and liveware-liveware (e.g., developing adequate treatment plans, conducting appropriate postoperative evaluations, selecting appropriate equipment and adequately trained medical staff) 14.3% (n = 150). CONCLUSION: Hardware and software and environment components accounted for a small percentage of the errors made, while the components of liveware and liveware-liveware errors were larger. Human error cannot be prevented by individual efforts alone; thus, a systematic and holistic approach needs to be developed by the medical community.

Medical error in treatment of Amanita phalloides poisoning in pre-hospital care.

BACKGROUND: Geopolitical and climate changes form the background of the current migration crisis. It has many faces. One of them are the tragic cases of poisoning of refugees due to eating wild forest mushrooms for socioeconomic reasons in the Western and Northern European countries. The most serious food poisonings in Europe, but not only, are caused by lamellar mushrooms, the most dangerous being Amanita phalloides. Its poisonous properties can be attributed to α-amanitin, an RNA polymerase II inhibitor. Unfortunately, as it is characterized by a delayed onset of symptoms, A. phalloides poisoning has a high risk of complications. CASE PRESENTATION: Our article presents a case of A. phalloides poisoning in a 28-year-old man, in which the responding medical emergency unit made errors in diagnosis and treatment. Since the correct diagnosis was made too late, the typical treatment of A. phalloides poisoning was ineffective. The patient suffered a life-threatening liver failure and needed liver transplant from a deceased donor. CONCLUSIONS: Mushroom poisoning is a particularly important problem not only in countries with a mushroom picking tradition, but also-due to the inflow of refugees-in countries where mushroom poisoning was very rare until recently. In such cases it is crucial to quickly implement the correct procedure, as this can prevent the need for liver transplant or even death. This is a particularly important consideration for the first medical professionals to contact the patient, especially in cases where the patient reports mushrooms consumption and presents alarming symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract. Such situations cannot be underestimated and ignored.

Risk Factors for Adverse Events in Patients With Breast, Colorectal, and Lung Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify risk factors associated with medical errors and iatrogenic injuries during an initial course of cancer-directed treatment. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study of 400 patients 18 years or older undergoing an initial course of treatment for breast, colorectal, or lung cancer at a comprehensive cancer center, we abstracted patient, disease, and treatment-related variables from the electronic medical record. We examined adverse events (AEs) and preventable AEs by risk factor using the χ2 or Fisher exact tests. We estimated the association between risk factors and the relative risk of an additional AE or preventable AE in multivariable negative binomial regression models with backwards selection (P < 0.1). RESULTS: There were 304 AEs affecting 136 patients (34%) and 97 preventable AEs affecting 53 patients (13%). In multivariable analyses, AEs were overrepresented in those with lung cancer compared with patients with breast cancer (incident rate ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-3.2). Nonwhite race (1.6, 1.0-2.6), Hispanic or Latino ethnicity (2.0, 0.9-4.1), advanced disease (1.7, 1.1-2.6), use of each additional class of high-risk nonchemotherapy medication (1.6, 1.3-1.9), and chemotherapy (2.1, 1.3-3.3) were all associated with risk of an additional AE. Preventable AEs were associated with lung cancer (7.4, 2.4-23.2), Hispanic or Latino ethnicity (5.5, 1.7-17.9), and high-risk nonchemotherapy medications (1.5, 1.2-2.0). CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for AEs among patients with cancer reflected patients' underlying disease, cancer-directed therapy, and high-risk noncancer medications. The association of AEs with ethnicity merits further research. Risk factor models could be used prospectively to identify patients with cancer at increased risk of harm.

Prevalence and Predictors of Moral Injury Symptoms in Health Care Professionals.

ABSTRACT: This study examined the prevalence and predictors of moral injury (MI) symptoms in 181 health care professionals (HPs; 71% physicians) recruited from Duke University Health Systems in Durham, NC. Participants completed an online questionnaire between November 13, 2019, and March 12, 2020. Sociodemographic, clinical, religious, depression/anxiety, and clinician burnout were examined as predictors of MI symptoms, assessed by the Moral Injury Symptoms Scale-Health Professional, in bivariate and stepwise multivariate analyses. The prevalence of MI symptoms causing at least moderate functional impairment was 23.9%. Younger age, shorter time in practice, committing medical errors, greater depressive or anxiety symptoms, greater clinician burnout, no religious affiliation, and lower religiosity correlated with MI symptoms in bivariate analyses. Independent predictors in multivariate analyses were the commission of medical errors in the past month, lower religiosity, and, especially, severity of clinician burnout. Functionally limiting MI symptoms are present in a significant proportion of HPs and are associated with medical errors and clinician burnout.

Beyond the corrective action hierarchy: A systems approach to organizational change.

BACKGROUND: Many patient safety organizations recommend the use of the action hierarchy (AH) to identify strong corrective actions following an investigative analysis of patient harm events. Strong corrective actions, such as forcing functions and equipment standardization, improve patient safety by either preventing the occurrence of active failures (i.e. errors or violations) or reducing their consequences if they do occur. PROBLEM: We propose that the emphasis on implementing strong fixes that incrementally improve safety one event at a time is necessary, yet insufficient, for improving safety. This singular focus has detracted from the pursuit of major changes that transform systems safety by targeting the latent conditions which consistently underlie active failures. To date, however, there are no standardized models or methods that enable patient safety professionals to assess, develop and implement systems changes to improve patient safety. APPROACH: We propose a multifaceted definition of 'systems change'. Based on this definition, various types and levels of systems change are described. A rubric for determining the extent to which a specific corrective action reflects a 'systems change' is provided. This rubric incorporates four fundamental dimensions of systems change: scope, breadth, depth and degree. Scores along these dimensions can then be used to classify corrective actions within our proposed systems change hierarchy (SCH). CONCLUSION: Additional research is needed to validate the proposed rubric and SCH. However, when used in conjunction with the AH, the SCH perspective will serve to foster a more holistic and transformative approach to patient safety.

A systematic integrative review of the literature on midwives and student midwives engaged in problematic substance use.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic integrative review was to review the literature in relation to problematic substance use (PSU) in midwifery populations. Associated aims were to aggregate existing knowledge about midwives and student midwives' personal engagement in PSU, to generate a holistic conceptualisation and synthesis of the existing literature regarding midwives and student midwives personally engaged in PSU and to present new understandings and perspectives to inform the development of future research questions. This review is the first of its kind. DESIGN: Systematic searches were conducted in CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, PSYCInfo, Scopus and the Cochrane Library. Findings were grouped into themes and subthemes relating to both midwives and student midwives and then analysed critically in relation to the wider literature. A quality assessment was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The PRISMA statement was used to guide reporting. SETTING: Included studies were conducted in Scotland, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS: Studies included a total of 6,182 participants. FINDINGS: A total of 3 studies were included. All included study types comprised quantitative survey designs, yet one also included a mixed methods design with the use of semi structured interviews. Two overarching themes emerged relating to both midwives and student midwives engaged in problematic substance use. For midwives, three subthemes are described: harmful daily alcohol consumption, working hours and harmful daily alcohol consumption and features associated with harmful daily alcohol consumption. For student midwives, two subthemes are presented: escape avoidance and alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use. KEY CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence available in relation to problematic substance use in midwifery populations in comparison to that available for other healthcare populations. Further research is required, and could usefully focus upon midwives and student midwives as distinct professions to be separated out from the wider healthcare workforce. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Problematic substance use among the healthcare workforce is associated with an increase in medical errors and inadequate care. Those affected can be reluctant to seek help, experience psychological distress and even contemplate suicide. Whilst evidence remains lacking for midwifery populations, they form a part of the general healthcare workforce and are exposed to similar workplace stressors. As such, it is likely that they too would be affected in similar ways.

General characteristics, economic burden, causative drugs and medical errors associated with medical damage litigation involving severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions in China.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the general characteristics, economic burden, causative drugs and medical errors associated with litigation involving severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCADRs) in China, with the aims of improving rational medication use and reducing the extent of damage from SCADRs. METHODS: This study analysed 150 lawsuit judgements involving SCADRs from 2005 to 2019, collected from China Judgments Online. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In total, 50% of lawsuits stemmed from SCADRs occurring in general hospitals. The average time elapsed from the date of occurrence of the SCADRs to the end of litigation procedures was 1055 days. Of the patients involved, 51% were female and more than two thirds (69%) were under 60 years old. The most common outcome of SCADRs was death (39%), followed by disabilities (30%). The average responsibility of the medical provider was 48 ± 29%. The average amount of compensation was $43 424. Of the cases studied, 51% of SCADRs were Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis, which together accounted for 75% of cases with known clinical subtype. The overall average economic burden of SCADRs was $99 178, of which indirect costs made up the largest proportion (more than 60%). The most common causative drug groups were antimicrobial drugs (49%), Chinese patent medicine and Chinese herbal medicine (17%), and antipyretic analgesics (16%). Finally, 61% of medical errors were found to stem from violation of duty of care, 20% from violation of informed consent and 18% from violations related to the medical record writing and management system. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions not only severely affect patient survival and quality of life, but also impose a heavy economic burden in terms of health care and societal costs. Medical providers should be better educated on strategies to reduce risk to patients and establish mechanisms of risk sharing and management.

The patient died: What about involvement in the investigation process?

Patient and family involvement is high on the international quality and safety agenda. In this paper, we consider possible ways of involving families in investigations of fatal adverse events and how their greater participation might improve the quality of investigations. The aim is to increase awareness among healthcare professionals, accident investigators, policymakers and researchers and examine how research and practice can develop in this emerging field. In contrast to relying mainly on documentation and staff recollections, family involvement can result in the investigation having access to richer information, a more holistic picture of the event and new perspectives on who was involved and can positively contribute to the family's emotional satisfaction and perception of justice being done. There is limited guidance and research on how to constitute effective involvement. There is a need for co-designing the investigation process, explicitly agreeing the family's level of involvement, supporting and preparing the family, providing easily accessible user-friendly language and using different methods of involvement (e.g. individual interviews, focus group interviews and questionnaires), depending on the family's needs.

Provider burnout: Implications for our perinatal patients.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the syndrome of physician burnout within neonatology, its relation to neonatal quality of care, and outline potential solutions. FINDINGS: Burnout affects up to half of physicians, including up to one-third of neonatologists, at any given time. It is linked to suicidality, substance abuse, and intent to leave practice, and it is strongly associated with reduced quality of care in the published literature. Resilience and mindfulness interventions rooted in positive psychology may reduce burnout among individual providers. Because burnout is largely driven by organizational factors, system-level attention to leadership, teamwork, and practice efficiency can reduce burnout at the level of the organization. CONCLUSIONS: Burnout is common among neonatologists and consistently relates to decreased quality of patient care in a variety of dimensions. Personal resilience training and system-wide organizational interventions are needed to reverse burnout and promote high-quality neonatal care.

Burnout in Pediatric Residents: Three Years of National Survey Data.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to describe the national epidemiology of burnout in pediatric residents. METHODS: We conducted surveys of residents at 34 programs in 2016, 43 programs in 2017, and 49 programs in 2018. Survey items included the Maslach Burnout Inventory, demographics, program characteristics, personal qualities, experiences, and satisfaction with support, work-life balance, and learning environment. Analyses included cross-sectional comparisons and cross-sectional and longitudinal regression. RESULTS: More than 60% of eligible residents participated; burnout rates were >50% in all years and not consistently associated with any demographic or residency characteristics. Cross-sectional associations were significant between burnout and stress, sleepiness, quality of life, mindfulness, self-compassion, empathy, confidence in providing compassionate care (CCC), being on a high-acuity rotation, recent major medical error, recent time off, satisfaction with support and career choice, and attitudes about residency. In cross-sectional logistic regression analyses, 4 factors were associated with an increased risk of burnout: stress, sleepiness, dissatisfaction with work-life balance, and recent medical error; 4 factors were associated with lower risk: empathy, self-compassion, quality of life, and CCC. Longitudinally, after controlling for 2017 burnout and 2018 risk factors (eg, recent error, sleepiness, rotation, and time off), 2017 quality of life was associated with 2018 burnout; 2017 self-compassion was associated with lower 2018 stress; and 2017 mindfulness, empathy, and satisfaction with learning environment and career choice were associated with 2018 CCC. CONCLUSIONS: A majority of residents met burnout criteria. Several identified factors (eg, stress, sleepiness, medical errors, empathy, CCC, and self-compassion) suggest targets for interventions to reduce burnout in future studies.

The Role of Regional Collaboratives in Quality Improvement: Time to Organize, and How?

Over the last 12 years, surgeon representatives from the 33 participating hospitals of the Michigan Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons Quality Collaborative (MSTCVS-QC), along with data specialists, surgical and quality improvement (QI) teams, have met at least 4 times a year to improve health-care quality and outcomes of cardiac and general thoracic surgery patients. The MSTCVS-QC nature of interactive learning has allowed all members to examine current data from each site in an unblinded manner for benchmarking, learn from their findings, institute clinically meaningful changes in survival and health-related quality of life, and carefully follow the effects. These meetings have resulted in agreement on various interventions to improve patient selection, periprocedural strategies, and adherence with evidence-based directed medication regimens, Factors contributing to the quality movement across hospitals include statewide-recognized clinicians who are eager to involve themselves in QI initiatives, dedicated health-care professionals at the hospital level, trusting environments in which failure is only a temporary step on the way toward achieving QI goals, real-time analytics of accurate data, and payers who strongly support QI efforts designed to improve outcomes.

Effect of Restriction of the Number of Concurrently Open Records in an Electronic Health Record on Wrong-Patient Order Errors: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Recommendations in the United States suggest limiting the number of patient records displayed in an electronic health record (EHR) to 1 at a time, although little evidence supports this recommendation. Objective: To assess the risk of wrong-patient orders in an EHR configuration limiting clinicians to 1 record vs allowing up to 4 records opened concurrently. Design, Setting, and Participants: This randomized clinical trial included 3356 clinicians at a large health system in New York and was conducted from October 2015 to April 2017 in emergency department, inpatient, and outpatient settings. Interventions: Clinicians were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to an EHR configuration limiting to 1 patient record open at a time (restricted; n = 1669) or allowing up to 4 records open concurrently (unrestricted; n = 1687). Main Outcomes and Measures: The unit of analysis was the order session, a series of orders placed by a clinician for a single patient. The primary outcome was order sessions that included 1 or more wrong-patient orders identified by the Wrong-Patient Retract-and-Reorder measure (an electronic query that identifies orders placed for a patient, retracted, and then reordered shortly thereafter by the same clinician for a different patient). Results: Among the 3356 clinicians who were randomized (mean [SD] age, 43.1 [12.5] years; mean [SD] experience at study site, 6.5 [6.0] years; 1894 females [56.4%]), all provided order data and were included in the analysis. The study included 12 140 298 orders, in 4 486 631 order sessions, placed for 543 490 patients. There was no significant difference in wrong-patient order sessions per 100 000 in the restricted vs unrestricted group, respectively, overall (90.7 vs 88.0; odds ratio [OR], 1.03 [95% CI, 0.90-1.20]; P = .60) or in any setting (ED: 157.8 vs 161.3, OR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.83-1.20], P = .96; inpatient: 185.6 vs 185.1, OR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.89-1.11]; P = .86; or outpatient: 7.9 vs 8.2, OR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.70-1.28], P = .71). The effect did not differ among settings (P for interaction = .99). In the unrestricted group overall, 66.2% of the order sessions were completed with 1 record open, including 34.5% of ED, 53.7% of inpatient, and 83.4% of outpatient order sessions. Conclusions and Relevance: A strategy that limited clinicians to 1 EHR patient record open compared with a strategy that allowed up to 4 records open concurrently did not reduce the proportion of wrong-patient order errors. However, clinicians in the unrestricted group placed most orders with a single record open, limiting the power of the study to determine whether reducing the number of records open when placing orders reduces the risk of wrong-patient order errors. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02876588.

New graduate nurses' understanding and attitudes about patient safety upon transition to practice.

AIMS: To explore the transition experiences of newly graduated registered nurses with particular attention to patient safety. BACKGROUND: New graduate registered nurses' transition is accompanied by a degree of shock which may be in tune with the described theory-practice gap. The limited exposure to clinical settings and experiences leaves these nurses at risk of making errors and not recognising deterioration, prioritising time management and task completion over patient safety and care. DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive approach using semi-structured interviews. METHODS: Data were collected during 2017-18 from 11 participants consenting to face-to-face or telephone semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data were analysed using thematic analysis techniques assisted by Nvivo coding software. The study follows the COREQ guidelines for qualitative studies (see Supplementary File 1). RESULTS: Key themes isolated from the interview transcripts were as follows: patient safety and insights; time management; making a mistake; experiential learning; and transition. Medication administration was a significant cause of stress that adds to time management anguish. Although the new graduate registered nurses' clinical acumen was improving, they still felt they were moving two steps forward, one step back with regards to their understanding of patient care and safety. CONCLUSION: Transition shock leaves new graduate registered nurses' focused on time management and task completion over patient safety and holistic care. Encouragement and support needed to foster a safety culture that foster safe practices in our new nurses. RELEVANCE TO PRACTICE: Having an understanding of the new graduate registered nurses' experiences and understanding of practice will assist Graduate Nurse Program coordinators, and senior nurses, to plan and provide the relevant information and education during these initial months of transition to help mitigate the risk of errors occurring during this time.

Eventos adversos em terapia nutricional: percepção dos profissionais da equipe multiprofissional / Adverse events in Nutritional Therapy: professionals perception of the multi-professional team

Introdução: A terapia nutricional é considerada de alta complexidade, cuja utilização ocorreu de forma crescente graças às boas práticas assistenciais e ao aprimoramento tecnológico. Apesar dos avanços, a efetividade da terapia poderá ser comprometida pela presença de eventos adversos. Objetivo: Verificar a percepção dos profissionais das Equipes Multiprofissionais de Terapia Nutricional sobre os eventos adversos nesta área e seu manejo a nível nacional. Método: Pesquisa prospectiva de abordagem mista, realizada de setembro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, em duas fases: a primeira, quantitativa, por amostra de conveniência com a caracterização da população e manejo do evento adverso, utilizando a escala Likert; e a segunda, qualitativa, com os cinquenta primeiros respondentes para apreender a percepção e o manejo dos eventos adversos. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista com profissionais que atuam em Equipes Multiprofissionais de Terapia Nutricional e atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Para análise, na fase I, foi realizado o cálculo de comparação entre a concordância de cada item e utilizado o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney e, para comparação entre categorias profissionais, o teste Kruskal-Wallis, além do teste de hipótese com nível de significância de 5%. Na fase II, os discursos foram analisados segundo Bardin, tendo como referenciais a Teoria do Erro Humano e a Teoria da Vulnerabilidade e, ainda, utilizou-se o software Análise Lexical por Contexto de um Conjunto de Segmentos de Texto - ALCESTE. Resultados: Participaram 120 profissionais, 57,5% pertenciam à região Sudeste, 80,8% do sexo feminino, 33,3% enfermeiros, 29,2% nutricionistas, 22,5% médicos, 10,8% farmacêuticos, 2,5% fonoaudiólogos e 1,7% fisioterapeutas. A idade variou de 25 a 67 anos (média de 41 anos), o tempo de formação profissional de dezessete anos (± 10), a média geral de atuação de 11,4 anos (± 8,61) e o tempo de atuação nas equipes de 6,4 anos (± 7,42). Quanto à formação em terapia nutricional, 33,3% possuíam título de especialista e 68,3% tinham curso de pós-graduação relacionada. Os hospitais em que atuavam eram privados filantrópicos em 55,8%, o número médio de leitos era de 320,3, a acreditação estava presente em 58,3% e as equipes eram próprias em 95,8%. Na nutrição enteral, a apresentação era de 61,7% para o sistema fechado, 67,5% a pronta para uso e a administração era contínua em 64,2%. Na nutrição parenteral, 45,8% utilizavam a formulação mista (individualizada e industrializada), 87,5% tinham o preparo terceirizado e para 90,8% a administração era de forma contínua. O uso de bombas de infusão para dieta enteral foi de 97,5% e na nutrição parenteral de 99,2%. Pela análise dos discursos, utilizando-se a Teoria da Vulnerabilidade, pudemos aprender, na dimensão Individual, as categorias centrais voltadas ao paciente, acesso (vias de administração), prescrição e principalmente administração das soluções. Já na dimensão Programática, foram encontrados os protocolos de administração da terapia nutricional e os programas de treinamento. Na dimensão Social, as normas institucionais e diretrizes, não focando as Portarias Ministeriais, cujo conteúdo facilita a atuação dos profissionais. Conclusão: Este estudo possibilitou reconhecer que não há diferenças na realidade das equipes multiprofissionais no Brasil, assim como no perfil dos profissionais e a ocorrência dos eventos adversos. A Teoria da Vulnerabilidade apontou o predomínio da dimensão Individual, em que as falhas recorreram sobre os indivíduos, principalmente, para a equipe de Enfermagem, e as fragilidades das dimensões Programática e Social mostram também a necessidade de ampliar e fortalecer programas de treinamento e estabelecer protocolos que auxiliem na atuação dos profissionais da Equipe Multiprofissional de Terapia Nutricional e prevenir os eventos adversos.

Introduction: Nutritional therapy is considered highly complex, which has been increasingly used thanks to good care practices and technological improvement. Despite all the advances, the effectiveness of therapy may be compromised by adverse events. Objective: To verify the professionals' perception of the Multi-professional Nutrition Therapy Teams on adverse events and their management nationwide. Methods: A prospective, mixed approach survey performed from September 2017 to January 2018 in two phases: the first, quantitative, by convenience sample with population characterization and adverse event management, using the Likert scale; and the second, qualitative, with the first fifty respondents to achieve the perception and management of adverse events. Data were collected through interviews with professionals who work in Multi-professional Nutrition Therapy Teams and fit in inclusion criteria. For analysis, in phase I, the comparison between the agreement of each item was performed and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was applied and, for comparison between professional categories, the Kruskal-Wallis test, in addition to the hypothesis test with significance level by 5%. In phase II, the speeches were analyzed according to Bardin, with reference the Human Error Theory and Vulnerability Theory and, also, lexical analysis by context of text segments set software ALCESTE was applied. Results: About 120 professionals participated, 57.5% from the Southeast region, 80.8% were female, 33.3% nurses, 29.2% nutritionists, 22.5% doctors, 10.8% pharmacists, 2.5% speech therapists and 1.7% physiotherapists. The age ranged from 25 to 67 years (mean of 41 years), the professional training time was seventeen years (± 10), the overall mean performance was 11.4 years (± 8.61) and the team performance was 6.4 years (± 7.42). As for training in nutritional therapy, 33.3% had a specialist degree and 68.3% had a related postgraduate course. The hospitals where they worked at were private philanthropic in 55.8%, the average number of beds was 320.3, the accreditation was in 58.3% and they have their own team in 95.8%. In enteral nutrition, the presentation was 61.7% for closed system, 67.5% ready for use and administration was continuous in 64.2%. In parenteral nutrition, 45.8% used the mixed formulation (individualized and industrialized), 87.5% had outsourced preparation and 90.8% were administered continuously. The use of infusion pumps for enteral diet was 97.5% and in parenteral nutrition 99.2%. Through the discourses analysis, using the Vulnerability Theory, we had learned, in Individual dimension, the central categories focused on the patient, access (routes of administration), prescription and mainly solutions administration. In Programmatic dimension, the TN administration protocols and the Training Programs were found. In Social dimension, the institutional norms and directives, not focusing on Ministerial Ordinances, whose content promotes professionals' performance. Conclusion: This study enables to recognize that there are no differences in the reality of multi-professional teams in Brazil, as well as in the professionals profile and adverse event occurrence. The Vulnerability Theory pointed to the predominance of Individual dimension, in which the flaws resorted to individuals, mainly to the nursing team and the frailties of Programmatic and Social dimensions, also shows the necessity to expand and to strengthen training programs and establish protocols that assist the professionals practice of the Multi-professional Team of Nutritional Therapy and to prevent adverse events.

Eventos adversos em terapia nutricional: percepção dos profissionais da equipe multiprofissional / Adverse events in Nutritional Therapy: professionals perception of the multi-professional team

Introdução: A terapia nutricional é considerada de alta complexidade, cuja utilização ocorreu de forma crescente graças às boas práticas assistenciais e ao aprimoramento tecnológico. Apesar dos avanços, a efetividade da terapia poderá ser comprometida pela presença de eventos adversos. Objetivo: Verificar a percepção dos profissionais das Equipes Multiprofissionais de Terapia Nutricional sobre os eventos adversos nesta área e seu manejo a nível nacional. Método: Pesquisa prospectiva de abordagem mista, realizada de setembro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, em duas fases: a primeira, quantitativa, por amostra de conveniência com a caracterização da população e manejo do evento adverso, utilizando a escala Likert; e a segunda, qualitativa, com os cinquenta primeiros respondentes para apreender a percepção e o manejo dos eventos adversos. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista com profissionais que atuam em Equipes Multiprofissionais de Terapia Nutricional e atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Para análise, na fase I, foi realizado o cálculo de comparação entre a concordância de cada item e utilizado o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney e, para comparação entre categorias profissionais, o teste Kruskal-Wallis, além do teste de hipótese com nível de significância de 5%. Na fase II, os discursos foram analisados segundo Bardin, tendo como referenciais a Teoria do Erro Humano e a Teoria da Vulnerabilidade e, ainda, utilizou-se o software Análise Lexical por Contexto de um Conjunto de Segmentos de Texto - ALCESTE. Resultados: Participaram 120 profissionais, 57,5% pertenciam à região Sudeste, 80,8% do sexo feminino, 33,3% enfermeiros, 29,2% nutricionistas, 22,5% médicos, 10,8% farmacêuticos, 2,5% fonoaudiólogos e 1,7% fisioterapeutas. A idade variou de 25 a 67 anos (média de 41 anos), o tempo de formação profissional de dezessete anos (± 10), a média geral de atuação de 11,4 anos (± 8,61) e o tempo de atuação nas equipes de 6,4 anos (± 7,42). Quanto à formação em terapia nutricional, 33,3% possuíam título de especialista e 68,3% tinham curso de pós-graduação relacionada. Os hospitais em que atuavam eram privados filantrópicos em 55,8%, o número médio de leitos era de 320,3, a acreditação estava presente em 58,3% e as equipes eram próprias em 95,8%. Na nutrição enteral, a apresentação era de 61,7% para o sistema fechado, 67,5% a pronta para uso e a administração era contínua em 64,2%. Na nutrição parenteral, 45,8% utilizavam a formulação mista (individualizada e industrializada), 87,5% tinham o preparo terceirizado e para 90,8% a administração era de forma contínua. O uso de bombas de infusão para dieta enteral foi de 97,5% e na nutrição parenteral de 99,2%. Pela análise dos discursos, utilizando-se a Teoria da Vulnerabilidade, pudemos aprender, na dimensão Individual, as categorias centrais voltadas ao paciente, acesso (vias de administração), prescrição e principalmente administração das soluções. Já na dimensão Programática, foram encontrados os protocolos de administração da terapia nutricional e os programas de treinamento. Na dimensão Social, as normas institucionais e diretrizes, não focando as Portarias Ministeriais, cujo conteúdo facilita a atuação dos profissionais. Conclusão: Este estudo possibilitou reconhecer que não há diferenças na realidade das equipes multiprofissionais no Brasil, assim como no perfil dos profissionais e a ocorrência dos eventos adversos. A Teoria da Vulnerabilidade apontou o predomínio da dimensão Individual, em que as falhas recorreram sobre os indivíduos, principalmente, para a equipe de Enfermagem, e as fragilidades das dimensões Programática e Social mostram também a necessidade de ampliar e fortalecer programas de treinamento e estabelecer protocolos que auxiliem na atuação dos profissionais da Equipe Multiprofissional de Terapia Nutricional e prevenir os eventos adversos

Introduction: Nutritional therapy is considered highly complex, which has been increasingly used thanks to good care practices and technological improvement. Despite all the advances, the effectiveness of therapy may be compromised by adverse events. Objective: To verify the professionals' perception of the Multi-professional Nutrition Therapy Teams on adverse events and their management nationwide. Methods: A prospective, mixed approach survey performed from September 2017 to January 2018 in two phases: the first, quantitative, by convenience sample with population characterization and adverse event management, using the Likert scale; and the second, qualitative, with the first fifty respondents to achieve the perception and management of adverse events. Data were collected through interviews with professionals who work in Multi-professional Nutrition Therapy Teams and fit in inclusion criteria. For analysis, in phase I, the comparison between the agreement of each item was performed and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was applied and, for comparison between professional categories, the Kruskal-Wallis test, in addition to the hypothesis test with significance level by 5%. In phase II, the speeches were analyzed according to Bardin, with reference the Human Error Theory and Vulnerability Theory and, also, lexical analysis by context of text segments set software ALCESTE was applied. Results: About 120 professionals participated, 57.5% from the Southeast region, 80.8% were female, 33.3% nurses, 29.2% nutritionists, 22.5% doctors, 10.8% pharmacists, 2.5% speech therapists and 1.7% physiotherapists. The age ranged from 25 to 67 years (mean of 41 years), the professional training time was seventeen years (± 10), the overall mean performance was 11.4 years (± 8.61) and the team performance was 6.4 years (± 7.42). As for training in nutritional therapy, 33.3% had a specialist degree and 68.3% had a related postgraduate course. The hospitals where they worked at were private philanthropic in 55.8%, the average number of beds was 320.3, the accreditation was in 58.3% and they have their own team in 95.8%. In enteral nutrition, the presentation was 61.7% for closed system, 67.5% ready for use and administration was continuous in 64.2%. In parenteral nutrition, 45.8% used the mixed formulation (individualized and industrialized), 87.5% had outsourced preparation and 90.8% were administered continuously. The use of infusion pumps for enteral diet was 97.5% and in parenteral nutrition 99.2%. Through the discourses analysis, using the Vulnerability Theory, we had learned, in Individual dimension, the central categories focused on the patient, access (routes of administration), prescription and mainly solutions administration. In Programmatic dimension, the TN administration protocols and the Training Programs were found. In Social dimension, the institutional norms and directives, not focusing on Ministerial Ordinances, whose content promotes professionals' performance. Conclusion: This study enables to recognize that there are no differences in the reality of multi-professional teams in Brazil, as well as in the professionals profile and adverse event occurrence. The Vulnerability Theory pointed to the predominance of Individual dimension, in which the flaws resorted to individuals, mainly to the nursing team and the frailties of Programmatic and Social dimensions, also shows the necessity to expand and to strengthen training programs and establish protocols that assist the professionals practice of the Multi-professional Team of Nutritional Therapy and to prevent adverse events

Medication Error- A Case Report of Misadventure with Methotrexate.

Methotrexate is an antimetabolite drug with antineoplastic and immunomodulatory properties, useful as an antineoplastic agent in various haematological and solid tumours. MTX toxicity can occur because of accidental ingestion/overdose by the patient or because of prescription error. The toxic effects manifest as severe mucositis or as organ damage (bone marrow depression, renal/hepatic injury). The toxicity usually results from parenteral overdose or repeated chronic drug ingestion. Acute high dose ingestion does not result in MTX toxicity because of saturable absorption kinetics. We present a case of MTX toxicity occurring as a result of prescription error resulting in repeat daily dosing of the drug, and the challenges associated with the management of the same, in a patient with multiple comorbidities. The present case emphasizes on a note of caution on the part of the prescriber and the suggestions regarding the measures which can be taken to avoid MTX toxicity. Keywords: drug overdose; Methotrexate; mucositis; pancytopenia.