In vitro evaluation of Sporothrix brasiliensis biotherapic

Sporothrix brasiliensisis one of themost virulent zoonosis which affects animals and humans. This fungus is responsible for subcutaneous infection and its contamination is possible through trauma to the skin. Sporotrichosis is highly prevalent in feline. And Rio de Janeiro appears to have the highest occurrence of cases. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the in vitroefficacy of Sporothrix brasiliensisbiotherapic, with and without an association to allopathic medicine commonly used in the treatment.Methodology: Conidiumcells of Sporothrix brasiliensiswill be cultured in Potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 5 to 7 days and yeast cells in Brain heart infusion (BHI) for 3 to 5 days. After incubation, the cells will be scraped with a drigalski handle and filtered using cells strainer into a tube and centrifuge for 5 minutes at 3000 RPM. The cells will be resuspended with Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), centrifuge again,and finally resuspended in PBS. After preparing the inocule, the microplates will be prepared. There will be 5groups in vitro. The first one will be the control group, only fungi. The second will be the treatment of fungi with homeopathic medicine (Sporothrix brasiliensis30DH). The third group will be the homeopathic medicine in association with itraconazole. The fourth will be the treatment with itraconazole only. And the last group will be the fungi with dynamized distilled water 30DH. Sporothrix brasiliensis30DHwill be prepared according to Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia. Results and discussions: The experiments are still in progress and the results will be analyzed through Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine statistically significant differences. Previous articles based on biotherapic treatments demonstrated successful results, so our research group is conducting these experiments to evaluate the effect in this model. Conclusion: Experiments will be made to verify the efficacy of biotherapic on sporotrichosis treatments.

La termoterapia local como tratamiento de la esporotricosis cutánea: actualización de la experiencia acumulada a nivel internacional / Local thermotherapy to treat cutaneous sporotricosis: update on the global accumulated experience

La esporotricosis representa la micosis profunda del hombre más frecuente en Uruguay y tiene como medicación habitual la administración oral de yoduro de potasio. Sin embargo, lahipertermia local es también frecuentemente usada con éxito de acuerdo a numerosos trabajosinternacionales. Objetivos: 1) recordar las primeras investigaciones científicas demostrativas del efecto de la temperatura ambiental sobre laesporotricosis experimental en animales de laboratorio y su consecuencia inmediata, la aplicación exitosa de la termoterapia local en un caso humano realizada en Uruguay en 1962; 2) revisar la literatura sobre ensayos clínicos posteriores de termoterapia local en la esporotricosis humana en otros países y los resultados obtenidos con el empleo de diferentes diseños terapéuticos; 3) analizar los principales mecanismos biológicos de acción de latermoterapia local en el proceso de curación de las lesiones de acuerdo a los resultados de múltiples investigaciones.La principal conclusión del mismo es la aceptación universal actual de la eficacia e inocuidad de la termoterapia local en la enfermedad cuyas principales indicaciones son la intolerancia a los yoduros y situaciones fisiológicas especiales, como el embarazo, en queaquellos están formalmente contraindicados. El calor local es aconsejado asimismo como tratamiento complementario de los yoduros cuando son bien tolerados o del itraconazol conel fin de acortar el lapso requerido para la curación. De acuerdo con toda la investigación realizada hasta el presente por diferentes autores...

Sporotricosis represents the most frequent human deep mycosis in Uruguay, and it is usually treated with oral potassium iodide. However, local hyperthermia is also frequentlyused successfully according to several international studies. The present study aims at the following objectives: 1)to go over the first scientific research that proved the effect of environmental temperature on experimentalsporotricosis in laboratory animals, and its immediate consequence on the successful application of local thermotherapy in a human case in Uruguay, back in 1962; 2)to review literature on subsequent clinical trials on local thermotherapy to treat human sporotricosis in other countriesand the results obtained in the application of different therapeutic designs; 3) to analyse the main biological mechanisms of action for local thermotherapy in the process of healing lesions according to the results obtainedin multiple research studies. The main conclusion is the current universal acceptance of the effectiveness and harmlessness of local thermotherapyon the disease, whose main indications are iodine intolerance and special physiological situations, such as pregnancy, when they are contraindicated. Local heat is advisable as a complementary treatment to iodinewhen well tolerated or to itraconazole, with the purpose of shortening the period needed for curing. According to research conducted by different authorsuntil today, local heat therapy to cure sporotricosis would result from several biological mechanisms. Among them,the direct inhibition of Sporothrix schenckii parasite cells in tissues...

A esporotricose é a micose profunda do ser humano com maior freqüência no Uruguai sendo tratada habitualmentecom iodeto de potássio. No entanto a hipertermia local também é utilizada como está descrito em numerosostrabalhos internacionais. Os objetivos deste trabalho são: 1) rever as primeiraspesquisas científicas que descreveram o efeito da temperatura ambiental sobre a esporotricose experimental e suaconseqüência imediata - a utilização bem sucedida da termoterapia local em um caso humano no Uruguai em 1962;2) rever a literatura sobre estudos clínicos posteriores sobre a utilização da termoterapia local no tratamento da esporotricose humana em outros países e os resultados obtidos utilizando diferentes esquemas terapêuticos; 3)analisar os principais mecanismos biológicos da ação da termoterapia local no processo de cura das lesões deacordo com os resultados obtidos em diferentes estudos. A principal conclusão é a aceitação mundial da eficáciae inocuidade da termoterapia local nesta doença cujas principais indicações são a intolerância aos iodetos e situaçõesfisiológicas especiais como a gravidez, nas quais os iodetos estão especialmente contraindicados. O calortambém esta indicado como tratamento complementar ao tratamento com iodetos quando estes são bem toleradose o tratamento como itraconazol para reduzir o tempo necessário para a cura.De acordo com as pesquisas realizadas por diferentes autores até o momento, a cura pela termoterapia seria resultadode diferentes processos biológicos. Entre eles a inibição direta das células parasitarias de Sporothrix schenckiinos tecidos, a hiperleucocitose focalizada...

Sporotrichosis: an update.

Sporotrichosis is the most frequent and worldwide distributed subcutaneous mycoses. The aim of this article is to review the most recent aspects of sporotrichosis about its epidemiology, etiologic agents, mycologic characteristics, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment. The causative agents of sporotrichosis belong to five well defined species of dimorphic fungi of the called Sporothrix schenckii complex. Sporotrichosis and its etiologic agents have specific endemic areas, but it is possible to find epidemics of the disease in practically every continent, the entrance via is cutaneous due to the inoculation of the fungi into the skin after a traumatism and less frequent due to respiratory way. Clinical manifestations are widely variable, with important involvement of the skin and the superficial lymphatic system, but also with affection of the mucosa and some organs like lungs, bones and joints. Nowadays sporotrichosis is considered a true zoonosis with important changes related to the endemic areas and the ecologic features of the causative pathogens. The therapy of choice is the potassium iodide (KI), but other alternatives are itraconazole, terbinafine, thermotherapy and in severe cases amphotericin B. The importance of the recognition of the clinical manifestations of the disease in some non-endemic areas helps to challenge the diagnosis and give an accurate therapy.

[Sporotrichosis and dematiaceous fungal skin infections].

Sporotrichosis is a chronic infectious granuloma of skin. The detection of fungal elements in pathological examination and the isolation of Sporothrix schenckii from the lesion are requisite for diagnosis. The sporotrichin test is useful as an auxiliary examination, but a false-negative reaction might occur in some cases. Oral potassium iodide is first choice of treatment, because of its modest cost and usefulness, although gastrointestinal disorder is a frequent side effect. Itraconazole should be the second selection, and then terbinafine. Local thermotherapy is also effective as an additional therapy. Dematiaceous fungal skin infections are divided into two groups by their parasitic form, chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. Chromoblastomycosis is also called chromomycosis in Japan. It is most important for clinical diagnosis to detect dark brown spores in the scale of chromoblastomycosis and dark brown hyphae in the pus of phaeohyphomycosis by microscopic examination. Both morphological and molecular biological approaches are recommended for identification of fungi. In treatment, the drug appropriate in each case should be selected, and the combination of surgical excision, local thermotherapy, laser therapy or cryotherapy must be considered.

Fixed sporotrichosis as a cause of a chronic ulcer on the knee.

Chronic wounds are a major health care problem worldwide. Wound healing is a holistic endeavour that requires an accurate identification of the specific entities interfering with wound healing in a particular patient. We present a case of fixed sporotrichosis as the cause of a chronic ulcer in the knee. Although a culture of Sporothrix schenckii could not be obtained, a positive response to the sporotrichin skin test, a skin biopsy showed a suppurative granuloma and an adequate response to oral administration of potassium iodide confirmed the diagnosis. The identification and correction of the underlying aetiology of any chronic wound is the first and most important step to restore wound healing.

Sporotrichosis in childhood: clinical and therapeutic experience in 25 patients.

Sporotrichosis in an uncommon mycoses in childhood and is generally associated with injuries received as a consequence of farm work. We undertook a retrospective study of sporotrichosis in children and adolescents seen over a 10-year period, focusing on their clinical, epidemiologic, and mycologic features as well as treatment. We included 25 children with a mean age of 9.3 years. Most of those affected were schoolchildren (84%) from rural areas. The main clinical variety of sporotrichosis seen was the lymphocutaneous form (64%), followed by the fixed cutaneous form (36%), and one instance of the disseminated cutaneous form. Most lesions were located on the upper limbs (40%) and the face (36%). Sporothrix schenckii was isolated in all patients and 24 of 25 had a positive sporotrichin skin test. Nineteen patients were treated and cured clinically and mycologically with potassium iodide, three were cured with itraconazole and one with heat therapy.

A case of lymphangitic sporotrichosis occurring on both forearms with a published work review of cases of bilateral sporotrichosis in Japan.

The patient, 56-year-old man who was working as a clerk and a farmer, presented with nodules that had appeared on the dorsa of both his hands 3 months earlier. At the first examination, there were multiple dark-red nodules scattered on the fingers, dorsa and wrists of both hands. The nodules were up to 3 cm in diameter and had crusts in the incenters. The patient was suspected to suffer from prurigo and was subsequently treated with topical steroid, but the nodules did not respond. Therefore, a skin biopsy and fungal culture were performed, and the patient was finally diagnosed as having bilateral multiple sporotrichosis. He was then successfully treated with local thermotherapy and oral potassium iodide. Bilaterally-distributed lymphangitic sporotrichosis is very rare and often difficult to diagnose. Careful attention is required to avoid misdiagnosis.

Esporotricosis: a proposito de un caso linfocutaneo / Sporotrichosis: a lymphocutaneus case

Se presenta un caso de esporotricosis linfocutánea de las extremidades tipo clásico. El diagnósdtico de certeza se hizo a través del cultivo; se logró la curación luego de 6 meses de tratamiento con toduro de potasio por vía bucal y termoterapia local con secuelas cicatrizales en el miembro afectado

Esporotricosis: a proposito de un caso linfocutaneo / Sporotrichosis: a lymphocutaneus case

Se presenta un caso de esporotricosis linfocutánea de las extremidades tipo clásico. El diagnósdtico de certeza se hizo a través del cultivo; se logró la curación luego de 6 meses de tratamiento con toduro de potasio por vía bucal y termoterapia local con secuelas cicatrizales en el miembro afectado(AU)

Hyperthermic treatment of sporotrichosis: experimental use of infrared and far infrared rays.

We used pocket warmers and infrared and far infrared rays to treat 14 cases of sporotrichosis, 7 in children and 7 in adults. There were 9 cases of the fixed cutaneous type and 5 of the lymphocutaneous type; 6 were located on the face and 8 on the limbs. Four cases were treated with pocket warmers, 5 with infrared rays, and 5 with far infrared rays. All lesions treated with pocket warmers were facial lesions in children; infrared and far infrared ray treatments were used in 3 children and 7 adults, 2 on facial lesions and 8 on lesions on the extremities. In treatments with infrared and far infrared rays, the amount of heat was greater than with the pocket warmers, and one 15-min treatment daily was sufficient to yield satisfactory results, but this method is difficult to use on children and on the face, and 40-min treatments two or three times a week proved unsatisfactory. Infrared and far infrared ray treatments allow the length of a single treatment to be reduced by three-quarters, in comparison with one pocket warmer treatment.

[Local thermotherapy in sporotrichosis]. / Lokale Thermotherapie bei Sporotrichose.

Two patients with sporotrichosis, one of the cutaneous-lymphatic type, the other of the fixed cutaneous type, were treated with local heat therapy. The "pocket warmer" used for this purpose has the advantage of being able to maintain a constant temperature of 44 degrees-45 degrees C on the skin surface for several hours, while permitting unrestricted freedom of movement. There are no side effects. The duration of treatment depends on the type of lesion, location, depth, and size. Generally, local application for 1-2 h per day for 5-6 weeks seems to be sufficient.