[Historical aspects of the formation and development of children's health resort medicine in the Samara region]. / Istoricheskie aspekty formirovaniya i razvitiya detskoi kurortnoi meditsiny v Samarskom regione.

Archive documents and sources in scientific electronic databases were analyzed in order to study the historical origins of the health resort business in terms of children's health resort medicine in the Samara government. It has been established that the period of origin and intensive development of balneology for children in the Samara region occurred at the beginning of the 20th century and the first children's sanatoriums began to function thanks to the initiative of the Society of Governmental Physicians for charitable funds of the Samara nobility and merchantry in territories with natural and climatic therapeutic factors, namely Sernovodsky resort, Barboshina glade and Postnikov ravine. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of morbidity structure of children admitted for sanatorium treatment, as well as general education institutions, from which information on the health of school pupils is received, has been conducted over a period of 120 years. Despite the change of years and generations, there is a general concept of sanatorium health improvement of school pupils as a future social and economic pillar of society, with the formation of a healthy generation for both the region and the country in general.

[Assessment of reserves of mineral water's geothermal sources in the south of Tyumen region]. / Otsenka zapasov geotermal'nykh istochnikov mineral'nykh vod yuga Tyumenskoi oblasti.

There are rich reserves of underground mineral waters in the south of Tyumen region, which are generally deep located, in the so-called difficult exchange water zone (on average at a depth of 1311.29±34.53 m). Currently, there is a lack of assessment of prognostic resources of underground mineral waters in the south of Tyumen region. The article provides an assessment of underground mineral (therapeutic) waters' reserves (2011-2019 yrs.) in the considered territory. It was shown that the number of deposits, their sites and underground mineral waters' well bores is 76, of which less than half are in operation, as at date of 01.07.2021. Moreover, the number of deposits is remained almost constant since 2011 yr. Meanwhile, underground mineral (therapeutic) waters' reserves are gradually decreasing. Thus, there is a necessity to intensify not only the stocktaking and identification of mineral waters' well bores, but also to develop the new medical technologies to use geothermal waters in rehabilitation and prevention. Monitoring for underground waters' condition should be continued with the use of modern research tools and techniques. The above mentioned will give a new impetus to the development of health resort sphere in the tourism industry, in addition to increasing the therapeutic effects of mineral waters.

Exploring the potential role of health resort medicine in the management of breast cancer-related lymphedema: a viable alternative for innovative rehabilitation opportunities?

Lymphedema is a chronic and progressive disorder of the lymphatic system that impairs the return of lymphatic fluid. Breast cancer treatment can cause breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), with axillary lymph node dissection and regional lymph node radiation being established risk factors. BCRL can cause severe morbidity, disability, and reduced quality of life. Early detection and treatment are essential to prevent the disease from progressing and causing complications. According to the International Society of Lymphology, complex decongestive therapy (CDT) is the most effective conservative treatment for lymphedema. Aquatic exercise is a safe and effective form of therapeutic CDT exercise that can improve joint range of motion, reduce pain, and positively impact limb volume. Additionally, health resort medicine and thermal mineral-rich waters may provide synergistic benefits for therapeutic exercise programs. Therefore, we believe that consideration should be given to whether the spa setting could represent a viable alternative for the rehabilitation of BCRL patients.

[Non-mellow season of domestic health resort business in 1914-1922]. / Nebarkhatnyi sezon otechestvennogo kurortnogo dela, 1914­1922.

For a long time, balneotherapy and health resort treatment was considered the privilege of the well-to-do. In Russia, recreational areas developed much later than in Europe. Their development was directly related to restoring the health of the military, the more so since these areas, with few exceptions, were located near the outskirts of the country and the location of large military contingents. The outbreak of the First World War aggravated the lack of capacities of domestic health-resorts. The state expanded the benefits to private and cooperative capital for the development of old resorts and the establishment of new ones. Because of the prolonged delay typical for the tsarist bureaucracy, the work on the development of the domestic health resorts began only in 1916. The war showed the importance of health resorts for preserving the army's combat efficiency and, in some cases, prevented the implementation of these projects due to concern of the local authorities and people towards an increase in the number of outsiders in the formerly sparsely populated areas. After the revolution, the Soviet social support agencies were involved in the distribution of spa vouchers to cash-strapped workers. In the northern provinces, the meager budgets received state funding for the establishment of health resorts on the mined-out salt fields. The local councils of the South set up health resorts in nationalized private dachas. Health resorts of the Black Sea coast and Kavminvod have never stopped their work. They functioned as boarding houses for retired military personnel. After the Civil War, every effort was made to attract leisure travelers to the country's resorts. Voucher-holders and «savage¼ travelers had privileges in food provision. Later, the resort areas were assigned to the first supply category. Despite eight years of military operations on the Russian territory during these years, there were conditions for a sharp growth of mass health resort recreation. This article reviews a large number of original sources and is intended to show, using historical examples, the state importance of health resorts as a means of medical rehabilitation. Paradoxically, it is under difficult political and economic circumstances that health resort recreation has become available for the general population.

Effects of complex spa therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the spine receiving treatments in health resorts in south-eastern Poland.

Management of patients with degenerative diseases commonly comprises health-resort based treatment programs, including spa therapies, balneotherapy as well as terrain therapy making use of microclimate factors. The study was designed to assess short- and long-term effects of spa therapy administered to patients with osteoarthritis of the spine who received treatment in health resorts located in Poland. The study involved 102 patients receiving treatment in health resorts, a group of subjects receiving outpatient treatment (100 patients) and a group receiving no therapy (100 patients). The assessment survey included: Pain VAS and Laitinen, LISAT-9 and HAQ-20 questionnaires. The assessments were carried out three times: at the start of the therapy program, as well as one month and six months after the end of the program. Short-term effects showed statistically significant improvement in all the outcome measures in spa group and outpatient treatment group. The long-term effects showed statistically significant improvement in all the outcome measures in spa group only. In conclusion spa therapy reduces pain, improves functional efficiency and increases the level of life satisfaction in patients with osteoarthritis of the spine. Its effects are sustained for at least six months. Spa therapy is more effective long-term, than outpatient treatment.Trial registration: The study was registered at Clinical Trials: NCT03974308. First registration: 04/06/2019.

[The role of health resort factors in preconception preparation of patients with reproductive disorders]. / Rol' sanatorno-kurortnykh faktorov v pregravidarnoi podgotovke patsientok s narusheniyami reproduktivnoi funktsii.

Reproductive dysfunction is a multifactorial problem, for the correction of which the most difficult are cases of pathology comorbidity. Individual preconception preparation, taking into account risk factors, is recognized as an effective measure to increase the chances of conception and prevent reproductive losses. OBJECTIVE: Optimization of treatment and rehabilitation measures at the preconception stage in patients with reproductive disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The effectiveness of the use of natural and preformed physical factors in the preconception preparation of 180 women who underwent medical and rehabilitation measures in the health resort of the Altai Territory - the resort town of Belokurikha (Group 1, 79 patients) and outpatient conditions in the city of Barnaul (Group 2, 101 patients). Comprehensive spa treatment included climatotherapy, a combination of various methods: balneotherapy, peloidtherapy, physiotherapy and a prolonged course of herbal medicine. RESULTS: In patients of the 1st group, who underwent a course of rehabilitation treatment in a sanatorium-resort environment, compared with patients of the 2nd group, early reproductive losses were less common during pregnancy (7.1% and 20.7%, respectively; p=0.04) and more frequent term deliveries occurred (92.8% and 77.2%, respectively; p=0.02). The most significant predictors of the ineffectiveness of preconception preparation were the presence in patients of: chronic cystitis and autoimmune thyroiditis with hypothyroidism; oligomenorrhea at the time of pregnancy planning; aggravated by early reproductive losses and long-term wearing of intrauterine contraception history; burdened heredity for violation of carbohydrate metabolism. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive preconception preparation in the sanatorium-resort conditions of Belokurikha helps to increase the fertility of patients with reproductive disorders, the trophostimulating effect in the genital organs and the restoration of endometrial reception, which makes it possible to recommend this method for use in clinical practice.

[Therapeutic areas of the Republic of Tyva]. / Lechebno-ozdorovitel'nye mestnosti Respubliki Tyva.

The need to expand the resort and recreational potential in the Siberian Federal District is due to the growing need for sanatorium treatment and rehabilitation of the population. Balneological studies conducted in different regions of Siberia make it possible to position these territories as promising for resort and recreational activities. OBJECTIVE: Comprehensive integral assessment of the resort and recreational potential of the treatment areas of the Republic of Tyva. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Taking into account the requirements of the guidelines "Bioclimatic passport of the medical and recreational areas" No. 96/226, approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia on February 7, 1997, an integral medical and climatic assessment of the territories of the medical and recreational areas of the Republic of Tyva was carried out. The assessment of the quality of water resources was carried out in accordance with the criteria of the methodological recommendations "Control of the quality and safety of mineral waters by chemical and microbiological indicators" No. 96/225, approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia on 07.04.1997. The typification of water resources is given in accordance with GOST R 54316-2011 "Natural mineral drinking waters". RESULTS: The territory of the Republic of Tyva has the richest reserves of unique therapeutic hydro-mineral resources, and the existing features of landscape and climatic conditions determine the prospects for their widespread use. The surveyed areas are located on mid-mountain and low-mountain landscapes with favorable bioclimatic conditions for the organization of climate treatment and recreation, especially in the warm season. The prospects for the development of climate-balneological and climate-mud resorts in Tuva are shown, especially in terms of medical and health tourism. CONCLUSION: A detailed database has been developed on the components of the resort and recreational potential (bioclimate, mineral waters, therapeutic mud) of the treatment areas of Tuva. The data obtained formed the basis of proposals for updating the register of resorts and health-improving areas of the Siberian Federal District, which is formed on the basis of the results of many years of research.

[Tumnin mineral spring. History of development]. / Tumninskii mineral'nyi istochnik. Istoriya osvoeniya.

The article dwells upon the history of the discovery of the Tumnin mineral spring, the establishment and development of the Far Eastern health resort «Goryachy Klyuch,¼ located in the basin of Chope creek, a tributary of the largest river in the eastern macroslope of Sikhote Alin, Tumnin river, located 25 km from the Strait of Tartary. A historical sketch since the first mentioning of the Tumnin mineral spring from 1903 to the present day, as well as the results of hydrogeological expeditions to determine the chemical composition and α-activity of Tumnin mineral water at different periods, are presented. A contribution of a geological expedition that established a large deep-lying tectonic structure permeable to upwelling thermal water flows is described. The role of the staff of the physiotherapy and balneology department of the Khabarovsk Medical Institute in the study of the mechanism of action and clinical effectiveness of the Tumnin mineral water is addressed. A balneological characteristic of nitric and siliceous thermal water, the basic therapeutic factor of «Goryachy Klyuch¼ health resort, which has always been popular among the Far East residents, but gained special importance and appreciation of patients during the pandemic of new coronavirus infection, is given. Currently, in the health resort «Goryachy Klyuch¼, patients with skin diseases, musculoskeletal, gynecologic, neurologic diseases, digestive tract disorders, metabolic conditions, upper airways, cardiovascular disorders, occupational diseases are treated using balneotherapy and other methods of non-drug therapy. At present, the health resort «Goryachy Klyuch¼ is going through a difficult but interesting period of improvement of recreation opportunities for the Far East residents.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a One-Week Multimodal Prevention Program for Slowing down and Stress Reduction Performed in a German Health Resort: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Effective concepts are required to overcome the negative impact of daily stressful overwhelming. We investigated the effectiveness of a 1-week multimodal program for stress reduction. METHODS: We performed a randomized controlled trial including adults with above-average stress level. The intervention consisted of health coaching, relaxation, physical activity, and balneotherapeutic elements. Individuals were randomized either to the intervention group (IG) or to one of the two control groups B and C. The main outcome was change in stress (Perceived Stress Questionnaire [PSQ], Screening Scale of Chronic Stress of the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress [TICS-SSCS]) at 6 months post intervention; further outcomes were well-being (World Health Organization 5-Item Well-Being Index [WHO-5]) and health status (EuroQol visual analog scale [EQ-5D VAS]). Data were collected pre/post intervention as well as after 1, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS: Data of 96 individuals (mean age 48.0 years, 74% female) were available for analyses. The IG improved overtime with -13.45 points for the PSQ and -6.44 points for the TICS-SSCS after 6 months. At 6-month follow-up the IG did not significantly differ from group B (PSQ: p = 0.2332; TICS-SSCS: p = 0.0805) or group C (PSQ: p = 0.0950; TICS-SSCS: p = 0.0607) when controlling for baseline (ANCOVA). Compared to group C, ANCOVA revealed significant differences in WHO-5 (p = 0.0292) and EQ-5D VAS (p = 0.0177) post intervention. At the 3- and 6-month follow-up and compared to group B, no substantial differences could be found for WHO-5 and EQ-5D VAS. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that even a short-term multimodal program for stress reduction appears to set a positive trend towards less perceived and chronic stress.

[Dental care in health resort institutions]. / Okazanie stomatologicheskoi pomoshchi v sanatorno-kurortnykh usloviyakh.

Over the past decades, a small yet convincing evidence base has accumulated that demonstrates the effectiveness of dental care for patients in health-resort (HR) settings. In addition to a positive local effect, complex HR care increases nonspecific resistance and promotes desensitization. OBJECTIVE OF THE REVIEW: Addressing the HR rehabilitation in patients with various maxillofacial diseases for further consideration of the possibility of the increased use of HR care in dental practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Russian and English-language publications were analyzed without specifying the search timeframe. The search keywords were the following: «health-resort care¼, «balneotherapy¼, «peloid therapy¼, «physiotherapy¼, «magnet therapy¼, «laser therapy¼ in combination with «dental diseases¼, «maxillofacial diseases¼, «periodontal diseases¼, «temporomandibular joint diseases¼, «postoperative rehabilitation¼ «balneotherapy¼, «mud therapy¼, «peloid therapy¼, «spa therapy¼, «physiotherapy¼. A total of 21 articles were analyzed, including 10 related to periodontal disease, 5 to temporomandibular joint pathology, and 6 to rehabilitation in the postoperative period. Seventeen original studies (3855 patients) were selected, including 47.62% with evidence level C, due to lack of information on comparison group or randomization. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Available data from clinical studies suggest the effectiveness of natural and physiotherapeutic factors in the medical rehabilitation of patients with various dental diseases. Further randomized clinical trials and the development of clinical guidelines for various techniques in dental diseases are warranted.

[Climate-therapy at seaside resorts in modern medical and wellness practice]. / Klimatolechenie na primorskikh kurortakh v sovremennoi meditsinskoi i ozdorovitel'noi praktike.

A scientific review is devoted to the study of the coastal climate in the resort treatment role of patients with chronic diseases and its impact on the health and life quality of the population of the seacoasts. The sources were the Cochrane Library, PubMed MEDLINE, MedlinePlus, PedRO, Google Scholar, British Medical Journal, Elsevier, The Global Wellness Institute, eLIBRARY.ru. The review includes 40 publications including 22 domestic and 18 foreign ones on clinical and surrogate outcomes of climate-therapy at seaside resorts in the structure of spa treatment in patients with chronic diseases. The health problems among the population of the seacoasts are considered. The features of conducting evidence-based studies in assessing the effects of climate procedures are noted. The analysis of the therapeutic and health-improving effect results of the seaside climate and the associated forms of thalassotherapy - terrenkur, swimming, aqua gymnastics, sea bathing, heliotherapy, landscape therapy, and the use of maricultureis carried out. The article presents statistically reliable data on the favorable outcomes of treatment of chronic forms of musculoskeletal, skin, pulmonary and cardiac pathology under the influence of thalassotherapy methods. It was found that the effectiveness of climate-therapy in oncological practice, the treatment of pollinosis, the use of algae and other maricultures has been insufficiently proven: the possibility of percutaneous permeability to seawater and its components. The risk of developing negative meteorological reactions during climate-therapy was noted.

[National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneology, Ministry of Health: 100 years of history for the benefit of the health resort industry development in the country]. / FGBU «NMITs reabilitatsii i kurortologii¼ Minzdrava Rossii: 100 let istorii vo blago razvitiya sanatorno-kurortnoi otrasli strany.

In 2021, the National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneology celebrates its centenary. The article highlights the main historical stages of the formation of the Center, which is intended to be the leading scientific institution in the country in the field of balneology, the main directions of experimental and clinical research of the Center's employees and significant scientific achievements.

[Therapeutic effects of climototherapy: scientomatrical analysis of evidence-based studies]. / Lechebnye effekty klimatoterapii: naukometricheskii analiz dokazatel'nykh issledovanii.

OBJECTIVE: Scientometrical analysis of studies the use of climatotherapy methods and formulation of guidelines based on the evidence obtained during the analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The article presents the data of scientometrical analysis of 40 publications on the use of climatotherapy in spa practice. RESULTS: Clinical effects and proposed mechanisms of action of the proven efficacy climatotherapy methods - aerotherapy, heliotherapy and thalassotherapy for the patients with various chronic diseases are presented. The clinical directions for the using of climatotherapy methods in climatic resorts are highlighted. CONCLUSIONS: Regular generalization and analysis of existing evidence-based studies is required, as well as the implementation of new high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials to study the effects of climate therapy on a wide range of patients with common socially significant diseases.

VOJNA LJECILISTA NA KVARNERU U AUSTRO-UGARSKOJ MONARHIJI I BRIGA ZA UNAPREDENJE CASNICKOG ZDRAVLJA / [Military Health Resorts in Kvarner in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and Care for Improving Officer Health]

The health of officers (as well as the entire army) is exposed to additional risks due to the performance of various life-threatening tasks for the needs of the state. Therefore, it is not unusual for the state to take care of the health of its officers (as well as the army) through a system of Vojvodina medical care or specialised society through the construction of military or officer health resorts [Militärkurhaus / Offizierskurhaus] with the provision of medical/ health services. The subject of this paper is the relationship between architecture and the provision of military-medical services of officer/military health resorts built by the Society of the White Cross [Gesellschaft vom Weißen Kreuze] in Kvarner at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The research is based on data collected from Austrian architectural, medical and tourist magazines and yearbooks of Austrian Society of the White Cross. The results of the research contribute to a better understanding of the improvement of the health of officers, the development of the architecture of health buildings [Kurhaus] and the entire history of medicine and health tourism in the Croatian Adriatic.

[Kolyma health resort «Talaya¼ (to its 80th birthday)]. / Kolymskaya zdravnitsa «Talaya¼. K 80-letiyu.

The article is devoted to the history of the creation and establishment of the Far Eastern resort «Talaya¼, located in the Far North of Russia, in the Magadan Region among the hills of the Kolyma Range, in the valley of the Talaya River. A historical essay is presented from 1868 to the present days, including periods of the resort's development at various stages of Russia's formation (pre-revolutionary, post-revolutionary periods, the era of developed socialism, present times). The contribution of resort doctors, geologists, employees of research institutes to the study of the mechanism of action and clinical effectiveness of the use of Tal mineral water is described. The balneological characteristic of nitrogen-siliceous thermal water, the main therapeutic factor of the Talaya resort, is given. Currently, the Talaya sanatorium is providing the treatment of patients with diseases of the skin, musculoskeletal system, gynecological, neurological diseases, diseases of the digestive system, metabolism, upper respiratory tract, cardiovascular system, occupational diseases using balneotherapy, mud therapy and others methods of non-drug therapy. Hundreds of thousands of northerners were healed by the Kolyma health resort, which gained fame as the «Northern Pearl¼. Today, during the reorganization of health care, the Talaya sanatorium is going through a difficult but interesting period in improving the possibilities of healing the inhabitants of the northern regions of Russia.

[Role of health resort factors in the treatment of delayed puberty in teenage girls]. / Rol' sanatorno-kurortnykh faktorov v lechenii zaderzhki polovogo razvitiia u devochek-podrostkov.

Both treatment and effective rehabilitation play an important role in preserving the reproductive health of the girl, the future mother. Along with the search for new drug therapies for various gynecological pathologies, it is important to use physical and natural factors that are natural stimuli for the patient's body. AIM: To examine the effect of health resort factors and methods of physiotherapy on the general condition and hormonal status of girls with delayed sexual development. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 83 patients with delayed sexual development who were examined at the children's clinical sanatorium 'Zdravnitsa' in Yevpatoria (Crimea) were examined: 52 girls were included in the primary group, 31 - in the comparison group. Both groups, depending on age, were divided into subgroups: 13-14 years old and 15-17 years old. Patients in both groups received a standard treatment complex (STC). In addition to SCR, the girls of the main group were prescribed: 5% brine electrophoresis by sinusoidal modulated currents, sage and sea baths. The control group included gynecologic ally healthy adolescents: thirteen 13-14 year-old girls old in the subgroup K1 and twelve 15-17 year-old girls in the subgroup K2. Before and after treatment, all patients underwent standard clinical, gynecological, and laboratory examinations. In both groups, the dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as gonadotropic and sex steroid hormones in the blood serum were analyzed. RESULTS: The complex of climatic and physical factors had a nonspecific general stimulating effect. There was a positive dynamics in the general condition of patients, their anthropometric indicators, hormonal status, which was more pronounced in the primary group than in the comparison group. Negative dynamics of the course of diseases in girls of both groups was not observed. CONCLUSION: The use of hardware physiotherapy and sage baths increases the effectiveness of STC. The best clinical and laboratory dynamics of the primary indices was noted in patients 13-14 years old than in patients 15-17 years old. The use of natural and preformed physical factors in treatment makes it possible to minimize the drug effect on the body and achieve the most positive treatment results with a minimum of side effects.

Effects of drinking natural hydrogen sulfide (H2S) waters: a systematic review of in vivo animal studies.

Natural waters containing originally hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas with an S2-level at least 1 mg/L are classified as "sulfur waters" or "hydrogen sulfide waters." This systematic review aimed to evaluate in vivo experimental studies investigating the biological effects of natural H2S water drinking in healthy or with disease model laboratory animals. A comprehensive databases search (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) was performed and PICOS criteria were used to assess eligibility. All relevant studies were identified, screened, and examined. The qualitative assessment was performed with the help of the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool. A total of nine articles were included. The extracted data showed that ad libitum drinking of such waters by rats and mice exert beneficial effects on animal model of diabetes and glucose metabolism plus protective effects on diabetic cardiac, testicular, and nephrological complications as shown biochemically, histopathologically, and bio-molecularly. Additional effects were gastroprotection, antioxidant effects and improvement of intestinal physiology in healthy animals, reduction in general signs of murine model of colitis in mice, improvement in lipid metabolism and lipid-lowering effect, and positive interference with the enterohepatic cycle of the bile acids and biliary functions in hyperlipidemic rats. This systematic review provides preliminary insights into the "biological truth" about natural H2S waters and partly elucidates their potential therapeutic role in balneology and health resort medicine. However, it should be kept in mind that the retrieved preclinical data cannot be directly extrapolated to humans. Additionally, most of the included studies were rated for unclear risk of bias across all categories except random allocation, reflecting very poor reporting of methodological details. These limitations should be addressed when planning similar studies in the future. The question "can traditional hydropinic therapies or drinking cures with H2S waters at natural sulfur water spas/health resorts or natural (even artificial) H2S water consumption at home exert similar effects in humans?" remains to be clarified by clinical trials.

[Weakly mineralized nitrogen thermal waters of Russia]. / Azotnye slabomineralizovannye termal'nye mineral'nye vody Rossii.

Russia has almost all hydrochemical types of underground mineral waters; however, unlike the well-known and popular resorts in the world, they are used very limitedly. In addition to their high medicinal value, mineral waters, when properly marketed, is a natural product that is comparable, and, in many cases, superior in price to that of similar volumes of high-octane gasoline. In addition to the characteristics of the chemical and gas composition, some underground mineral waters in their native state have an elevated temperature and are thermal and hyperthermal. Low-mineralized nitrogen thermae are one of the large groups of mineral waters; they are common in the areas of young tectonic faults in the earth's crust, which frame the mountainous areas. The deposits of thermae within the blocky and folded-blocky structures are fractured water-pressure systems; the thermal waters in the sedimentary and volcanic-sedimentary rocks saturate the reservoir or fissure-interstitial aquifers and are typical artesian basins. The successful development of health resort business in Russia should be, first of all, based on the extensive use of natural therapeutic factors. As clearly confirmed by the experience with spa treatment in both Russia and world practice, accumulated data from researches, thermal mineral waters determine the possibility of creating large spa centers that provide high economic efficiency.

[300 years of the first Russian resort. History of studies of Marcial Waters]. / Pervomu russkomu kurortu - 300 let. Istoriia izucheniia martsial'nykh vod.

The article presents the main stages of studying the mineral ferruginous waters of the first Russian spa 'Marcial Waters', the beginning of the 300-year history of which is associated with the name of Peter I. It gives the results of studies of natural sources in the 18th and 19th centuries. Studies of the mineral waters during the exploration and exploitation of the field in the 20th century have shown that in the local area, wells open confined groundwater that has various mineralization and iron content and forms the characteristic hydrochemical type of mineral water called marcial. It is noted that the results of the long-term, but insufficiently regular and analytically comprehensive series of observations of the composition of an extremely unstable system of ferruginous waters do not allow one to unequivocally identify seasonal and long-term changes in the composition of the water. Regular isotope-chemical studies, which began in 2018, will make it possible to identify the patterns of formation of unique fresh high-iron waters.