Efficacy of Chinese and Western Medical Techniques in Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers With Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Lower Leg.

To analyze and evaluate the clinical efficacy of Chinese and Western medical techniques in the treatment of severe diabetic foot ulcers complicated with necrotizing fasciitis of the lower leg and summarize the treatment experience of such patients to identify a new method of limb salvage treatment. A total of 46 patients with severe diabetic foot ulcers and necrotizing fasciitis of the lower leg were treated with such techniques as surgical debridement, bone drilling, open joint fusion, and microskin implantation. Wounds were treated with moisture-exposed burn therapy (a regenerative medical treatment for burns, wounds, and ulcers) and moisture-exposed burn ointment (a traditional Chinese medicine); underlying diseases were also treated effectively. The wound healing time, rate of high amputation, and mortality of these patients were summarized, and the clinical efficacy of such treatments was evaluated. Of the 46 patients enrolled, 38 patients were cured, with a cure rate of 82.61%. The average wound healing time was 130 ± 74.37 days. Two patients underwent high amputations, with an amputation rate of 4.35%, and 4 deaths occurred, with a mortality rate of 8.70%. The combination of Chinese and Western medical techniques in the treatment of severe diabetic foot ulcers complicated with necrotizing fasciitis of the lower leg not only effectively saved patients' lives and promoted wound healing but also greatly reduced the rates of high amputation and disability.

Comparison of intubation and tracheotomy in patients with deep neck infection.

Possible airway compromise further complicates treatment of deep neck infections (DNI). Airway management is crucial, but factors affecting the method of choice are unclear. We retrospectively evaluated adult DNIs in a single tertiary center covering 10 years, with special attention on airway management. Patient data were retrieved from electronic data files from 2007 to 2016, and included adult patients with DNI operated through the neck. Of the 202 patients, 127 (63%) were male, with a median age of 47 years. Odontogenic (n = 74; 35%) infection was the most common etiology. Intubation was the most common method of airway management (n = 165; 82%), and most patients (n = 102; 50%) were extubated immediately after surgery. Tracheotomy was performed primarily for 35 (17%) patients, and secondarily for 25 (15%). Two patients were managed in local anesthesia. Altogether 80 (40%) patients required care in the intensive care unit for a median of 7 days. Median hospital stay was 6 days for intubated patients and 10 days for primarily tracheotomized (p = 0.036). DNI extended to the mediastinal space in 25 (12%) patients, most of whom with odontogenic infection (48%), and necrotizing fasciitis (32%). Odontogenic infection was the most common etiology for DNI with increased risk for mediastinal involvement. Intubation was most common type of airway management with high success in immediate extubation after surgery. The need for tracheotomy seemed to lead to a longer hospital care and was associated with a more severe clinical course.

Evaluation and Management of Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections.

Despite advances in antibiotic and surgical management and supportive care for necrotizing soft tissue infections, morbidity and mortality remain substantial. Although there are clinical practice guidelines in place, there still remains much variability in choice and duration of antibiotic therapy, time to initial surgical debridement, and use of adjuvant medical therapies. This article offers an overview of necrotizing soft tissue infections with a focus on current diagnostic and treatment modalities.

Hyperbaric oxygen may only be optional in head and neck necrotizing fasciitis: a retrospective analysis of 43 cases and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing fasciitis in the head and neck (NF-HN) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the acute regimen is disputed and there is a lack of evidence of therapeutic effect. This study aims to describe a retrospective cohort of patients with NF-HN and investigate the use of HBOT and consequences thereof. METHODS: All patients treated for NF-HN at Aarhus University Hospital (AUH) between 2002 and 2014 were included in this retrospective cohort. Data regarding demographics, treatment and a one-year follow-up was registered. A review of the literature on NF-HN and HBOT was performed. RESULTS: Forty-three patients were consecutively treated for NF-HN during the period. All patients were treated in accordance with current guidelines with HBOT as a variable. Thirty patients received HBOT, and 13 patients were omitted from HBOT for different reasons. In the HBOT group were no mortalities vs. three mortalities in the non-HBOT group two late deaths due to precursory underlying cancer of the head and neck, and one early death shortly after admittance. We found higher rates of complications (63% vs. 25%) and sequelae (77% vs. 40%) among the HBOT group compared to the non-HBOT group. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that HBOT for NF-HN may only be optional and that the decision relies on an individual assessment of each patient. Further research is needed concerning the evidence of HBOT and towards selecting the patients benefitting from HBOT.

A rare case of Meleney’s Ulcer after partial chemical matricectomy

Antecedentes. La úlcera de Meleney es una infección poco frecuente, pero potencialmente grave que ocurre a menudo en el postoperatorio. Este tipo de úlcera no ha sido anteriormente descrita en el pie tras la realización de una matricectomía parcial con fenol. Caso Clínico. Una paciente fue intervenida mediante fenolización parcial de la matriz ungueal medial del dedo gordo del pie, y transcurridos 2 meses tuvo una recidiva de la deformidad ungueal que causó las úlceras de Meleney. Resultados. Las úlceras se mantuvieron sin cicatrizar aún pautando un régimen de tratamiento con antibióticos, por lo que se requirió de una nueva intervención quirúrgica para eliminar completamente la infección. Conclusión. Este caso presenta una úlcera de Meleney destacando una presentación inicial aparentemente benigna de la fascitis necrotizante en el hallux tras la realización de una matricectomía química parcial mediante abordaje quirúrgico utilizando fenol(AU)

Background. Meleney’s ulcer is a rare, but potentially deadly infection that often occurs in post-surgical sites. This type of ulcer has not previously been reported in the toenail after phenol matricectomy. Patient Case. A female patient underwent partial phenolization of the medial nail matrix of the hallux, but after 2 months had a recurrent spicula that caused Meleney’s ulcers. Results. The ulcers remained after treatment with antibiotics, and further surgery was required to fully clear the infection. Conclusion. This case and review of Meleney’s ulcer highlights the deceptively benign initial presentation of necrotizing fasciitis at the hallux after partial chemical matricectomy surgery using a phenol-based approach(AU)

A review of necrotising fasciitis in the extremities.

OBJECTIVE: To review currently available evidence on the epidemiology and methods of management for necrotising fasciitis, with particular reference to Hong Kong. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane Library searches of local and internationally published English language journals, from 1990 to July 2008 using the terms 'necrotising fasciitis', 'Hong Kong', 'diagnosis', 'epidemiology', 'vibrio', 'streptococci', 'clostridia', and 'management'. DATA EXTRACTION: All articles involving necrotising fasciitis in Hong Kong were included in the review. DATA SYNTHESIS: The incidence of necrotising fasciitis in Hong Kong and around the world has been increasing. This rapidly progressive infection is a major cause of concern, due to its high morbidity and mortality. Up to 93% of affected patients at our hospital were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and many still died from septic complications, such as pneumonia and multi-organ failure. Radical debridements in the form of amputations and disarticulations were considered vital in 46% of the patients. Early recognition and treatment remain the most important factors influencing survival. Yet, early diagnosis of the condition is difficult due to its similarities with many other soft tissue disorders such as cellulitis. Repeated surgical debridement or incisional drainage continues to be essential for the survival of sufferers from necrotising fasciitis. Many authorities have reported that carrying out the first fasciotomy and radical debridement within 24 hours of symptom onset was associated with significantly improved survival, which also emphasises the importance of early diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Clinicians must adopt a high index of suspicion for necrotising fasciitis. Empirical antibiotics must be started early and repeated physical examinations should be performed, while maintaining a low threshold for tissue biopsy and surgery. The timing of the first fasciotomy and radical debridement within a window of 24 hours from symptom onset is associated with significantly improved survival.

Gangrena de Fournier. Perspectivas actuales / Fournier´s gangrene. Current perspectives

La Gangrena de Fournier (GF) es una fascitis necrotizante sinérgica, multimicrobiana, de origen infeccioso, que produce gangrena de piel de región genital, perineal, o perianal. Su mayor frecuencia se observa en pacientes de 20 a 50 años, los varones se afectan más que las hembras en proporción 10:1 y la tasa de mortalidad aún es alta. El manejo clínico debe ser rápido y oportuno, con aplicación intravenosa de líquidos, electrolitos y antibióticos de amplio espectro; a fin de lograr la estabilización hemodinámica del paciente antes de la intervención quirúrgica. La cirugía precoz con debridamiento extenso de tejidos desvitalizados, constituye la base principal del mismo

The Fournier Gangrene (FG) is a synergistic, polymicrobial, necrotizing fasciitis with infectious origin that produces gangrene of the perineal, genital or perianal skin. The number bigger than cases happens between 20 at 50 years, the males are affected more than the females in proportion 10:1 and the mortality rate is high yet. The clinical manage of the GF must be fast and opportune with intravenous application of fluids, electrolytes and systemic broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy; and avoid the hemodynamic stabilization of the patient before the surgery. The precocious surgery with debridament of the necrotizing tissues constitutes the main objective of the treatment

The hospital costs of treating necrotizing fasciitis.

BACKGROUND: Management of necrotizing fasciitis places significant demands upon hospital and medical resources. A successful management usually requires extensive surgical intervention and an adjunct hyperbaric oxygen treatment. The cost impact on the health care system has not been well characterized. We have, therefore, analysed the cost of treating this disease at an Australian tertiary referral hospital with extensive case experience and well-developed financial costing systems and have compared this with the current casemix-based government funding arrangements applying in Victoria, Australia. METHODS: Data was extracted from the medical records of 92 sequential patients treated by the Alfred Hospital (Melbourne, Australia) during the four financial years 2000-04. Clinical costing data and government funding data was provided by the hospital's Finance Departments. RESULTS: The total Alfred Hospital in-patient costs for treating the patients was $5,935,545 with a mean cost per patient of $64,517 (range, $1025 to $514,889). The total casemix-based funding allocation derived from treating these patients was calculated at $3,208,664 with the per patient mean $34,887 (range, $1331 to $387,168). This analysis does not include allowance for non-Alfred Hospital costs such as those incurred by the ambulance service, referring hospitals, for rehabilitation or as a result of the burden of residual disability. CONCLUSIONS: This study has confirmed that a significant economic burden is involved in treating necrotizing fasciitis. There is a substantial difference between the hospital costs and government funding for treating these patients in the Australian setting.

[Spontaneous anaerobic osteomyelitis with necrotizing fasciitis of femur: two reasons for the use of hyperbaric oxygenotherapy]. / Ostéomyélite auguë gazogène non traumatique associée à une myonécrose de la cuisse: deux raisons d'utiliser l'oxygénothérapie hyperbare.

This is a case report of a 50-year-old male patient who had septic shock with anaerobic bacterial septicaemia coming from a spontaneous left femoral osteomyelitis. The combined treatment with antibiotics, surgery and hyperbaric oxygenotherapy restored normal mobility of the lower limb. Two years later, there was no recurrence. Despite many efforts the aetiology of the disease is unknown. The authors, discuss the relevance of hyperbaric oxygenotherapy in such cases.

Necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock-like syndrome caused by group B streptococcus.

A recent increase in reports of necrotizing fasciitis resulting from group B streptococcus has alerted physicians to a possible concomitant increase of toxic shock-like syndrome. We report the second case of group B streptococcus causing necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock-like syndrome. A black woman, aged 52 years, with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus had necrotizing fasciitis type II of the left groin. Hypotension, elevated bilirubin and liver enzymes, and adult respiratory distress syndrome rapidly developed. Because group B streptococcus was isolated from a normally sterile site, the patient's condition met the criteria for toxic shock-like syndrome. Extensive surgical debridement, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and intravenous antibiotic therapy (including clindamycin) were required for complete recovery. The antitoxin effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and clindamycin should be further investigated for the treatment of such patients.

Necrotizing fasciitis secondary to group A streptococcus. Morbidity and mortality still high.

OBJECTIVE: To update physicians on Group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis, including current methods of diagnosis and treatment. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Current literature (1990-1998) was searched via MEDLINE using the MeSH headings necrotizing fasciitis, toxic shock syndrome, and Streptococcus. Articles were selected based on clinical relevance and design. Most were case reports, case series, or population-based surveys. There were no randomized controlled trials. MAIN MESSAGE: The hallmark of clinical diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis is pain out of proportion to physical findings. Suspicion of underlying soft tissue infection should prompt urgent surgical examination. Therapy consists of definitive excisional surgical debridement in conjunction with high-dose intravenous penicillin G and clindamicin. Risk factors for mortality include advanced age, underlying illness, hypotension, and bacteremia. CONCLUSION: Necrotizing soft tissue infections due to Group A streptococcus might be increasing in frequency and aggression. Overall mortality remains high (20% to 34% in larger series). Clinical diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion and should prompt urgent surgical referral.

Necrotizing fasciitis.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rapidly progressing soft-tissue infection characterized by extensive necrosis of subcutaneous fat and fascia. It is frequently accompanied by moderate to severe systemic toxicity and can be fatal without prompt recognition and aggressive surgical treatment. The podiatric physician must be aware of these infections because the extremities are common sites of involvement. Necrotizing, fasciitis must be treated as a medical emergency calling for prompt surgical intervention and high doses of broad-spectrum antibiotics.